Sistem dua partai: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Sistem dua partai''' adalah sebuah sistem dimana dua [[partai politik]] [[partai utama|utama]] mendominasi politik pada sebuah pemerintahan. Salah satu dari dua partai tersebut biasanya memegang suara mayoritas dalam legislatur dan biasanya disebut sebagai ''partai pemerintah'' atau ''mayoritas'' sementara yang lainnya adalah ''partai oposisi'' atau ''minoritas''. Di seluruh dunia, istilah tersebut memiliki esensi yang berbeda. Contohnya, di [[Politik Amerika Serikat|Amerika Serikat]], [[Politik Jamaika|Jamaika]], dan [[Politik Malta|Malta]], esensi ''sistem dua partai'' mendeskripsikan sebuah aransemen dimana seluruh atas hampir seluruh pejabat yang terpilih berasal dari salah satu dari dua partai utama, dan partai-partai ketiga jarang memenangkan kursi manapun dalam legislatur. Dalam aransemen semacam itu, sistem dua partai merupakan hasil dari berbagai faktor seperti [[pemungutan suara first-past-the-post|pemenang mengambil seluruh]] peran pemilihan.<ref name=SchmidtTextbook/><ref>Wong Chin Huat, fz.com, Jul 29, 2013, [http://www.malaysia-today.net/mtcolumns/guest-columnists/58472-when-winner-takes-all When winner takes all] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801054909/http://www.malaysia-today.net/mtcolumns/guest-columnists/58472-when-winner-takes-all |date=2013-08-01 }}, Accessed Aug 12, 2013, “...This "winner-takes-all" characteristic of political contestation then forces political groups to consolidate into two blocs, hence, the two-party system...”</ref><ref name=Regis>Regis Publishing, [http://academic.regis.edu/jriley/215%20Winner%20Take%20all.htm The US System: Winner Takes All], Accessed Aug. 12, 2013, “...Winner-take-all rules trigger a cycle that leads to and strengthens a system of few (two in the US) political parties...”</ref><ref name=Boundless>The Two Party System, Boundless Publishing, [https://www.boundless.com/political-science/interest-groups/the-two-party-system/the-two-party-system/ Two-party systems are prominent in various countries, such as the U.S., and contain both advantages and disadvantages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003082455/https://www.boundless.com/political-science/interest-groups/the-two-party-system/the-two-party-system/ |date=2013-10-03 }}, Accessed August 12, 2013 “...There are two main reasons winner–takes–all systems lead to a two-party system...”,</ref><ref name=EricBlack>Eric Black, Minnpost, October 8, 2012, [http://www.minnpost.com/eric-black-ink/2012/10/why-same-two-parties-dominate-our-two-party-system Why the same two parties dominate our two-party system], Accessed Aug. 12, 2013, “...SMDP (single-member districts, plurality) voting system. ... This forces those who might favor a minor party candidate to either vote for whichever of the two biggest parties the voter dislikes the least, or to risk the likelihood that their vote will be “wasted” or, worse, that they will end up helping the major-party candidate whom the voter dislikes the most to win. Minor parties aren’t banned, but they seldom produce a plurality winner, and their lack of success often causes the minor parties to wither and die....”</ref><ref>History Learning Site, [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/america_two_party.htm Why America is a two-party state], Accessed Aug. 12, 2013, “...The American electoral system – winner-takes-all – guarantees that any third, fourth party etc has no chance of winning....”</ref>