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===Third millennium to 687 BC===
The region was settled at least as of the beginning of the third millennium [[Before Christ|BC]], or perhaps earlier, as the recent finds in [[Yeşilova Höyük]] suggests. It could have been a city of the autochthonous [[Leleges]] before the [[Greek people|Greek]] colonists started to settle along the coast of [[Asia Minor]] as of the beginning of the first millennium BC. Throughout antiquity Smyrna was a leading city-state of [[Ionia]], with influence over the Aegean shores and islands. Smyrna was also among the cities that claimed [[Homer]] as a resident.<ref>{{cite book|first=Charles |last=Gates|title=Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece, and Rome|year=2003 |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientcitiesarc0000gate }}</ref>
The early [[Aeolians|Aeolian]] Greek settlers of [[Lesbos Island|Lesbos]] and [[Cyme (Aeolis)|Cyme]], expanding eastwards, occupied the valley of Smyrna. It was one of the confederacy of Aeolian city-states, marking the Aeolian frontier with the Ionian colonies.
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=== Periode Yunani ===
[[Aleksander Agung]] mempunyai ilham untuk membangun kembali kota Yunani berdasarkan tata kota, yang menurut [[Strabo]], sebenarnya dikerjakan di bawah pemerintahan [[Antigonos I Monophthalmos|Antigonus]] (316—301 SM) dan Lysimachus (301 SM—281 SM), yang memperluas dan memperkuat kota ini. Reruntuhan pusat kota ("acropolis") yang disebut "crown of Smyrna" (mahkota Smirna), ada pada puncak terjal dengan ketinggian sekitar 1250 kaki, yang menjulang di bagian timur laut dari teluk. Kota modern İzmir dibangun di atas kota Yunani yang kemudian, sebagian di lereng bukit bundar yang oleh orang Yunani disebut ''Pagos'' (maknanya "bukit") dekat ujung tenggara dari teluk, sebagian lagi di tanah rendah di antara bukit dan lautan. Keindahan kota Yunani, bergerombol di tanah rendah dan naik lapis demi lapis di bagian bukit,
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Smyrna is shut in on the west by a hill now called Deirmen Tepe, with the ruins of a temple on the summit. The walls of Lysimachus crossed the summit of this hill, and the acropolis occupied the top of Pagus. Between the two the road from Ephesus entered the city by the Ephesian gate, near which was a gymnasium. Closer to the acropolis the outline of the stadium is still visible, and the theatre was situated on the north slopes of Pagus. Smyrna possessed two harbours. The outer harbour was simply the open roadstead of the gulf, and the inner was a small basin with a narrow entrance partially filled up by [[Tamerlane]] in 1402 [[AD]].
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Greek influence was so strong in the area that the Turks called it "Smyrna of the infidels" (Gavur İzmir).<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9T5HAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=%22smyrna+of+the+infidels%22&source=web&ots=mUB4vj3tAE&sig=FmjUbSEWd-nKmvub9Hky5Adgn2w&hl=en A Modern Crusade in the Turkish Empire]. Retrieved June 10, 2008.</ref> While Turkish sources track the emergence of the term to the 14th century when two separate parts of the city were controlled by two different powers, the upper İzmir being Muslim and the lower part of the city Christian.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}{{Clarify||This needs to be merged with previous paragraph which talks about Tamerlane in the 15th century. So this term is from the Knights of Saint John episode?|date=March 2010}}
The Ottomans continued to control the area, with the exception of the [[Greek administration of Smyrna (
During the late 19th and early 20th century, the city was an important financial and cultural center of the Greek world. Out of the 391 factories 322 belonged to local Greeks, while 3 out of the 9 banks were backed by Greek capital. Education was also dominated by the local Greek communities with 67 male and 4 female schools in total. The most important Greek educational institution of the region was the [[Evangelical School of Smyrna|Evangelical School]] that operated from 1733 to 1922.<ref>{{cite book | last= Geōrgiadou|first=Maria | title= Constantin Carathéodory: mathematics and politics in turbulent times |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=IVIXBOFNty8C&pg=PA145&dq=%22evangelical+school%22%2Bsmyrna&hl=el&ei=DZeUTKS1LciOswafyqVb&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=%22evangelical%20school%22%2Bsmyrna&f=false| publisher=Springer | year=2004 | isbn= 978-3-540-20352-0| page =145}}</ref> The [[Great Fire of Smyrna]] destroyed much of the city just after the conflict.
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==Excavations==
[[File:1843 Chenavard Agora.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Engraving with a view of the site of Smyrna Agora a few years after the first explorations (1843)]]
Although Smyrna was explored by [[Charles Texier]] in the 19th century and the German consul in İzmir had purchased the land around the ancient theater in 1917 to start excavations, the first scientific digs can be said to have started in 1927. Most of the discoveries were made by archaeological exploration carried as an extension during the period between
New excavations in the agora began in 1996 and are being continued regularly since 2002 under the sponsorship of the Metropolitan Municipality of İzmir. A primary school that was adjacent to agora and that fell victim to a fire in 1980 not having been reconstructed, its space could be incorporated into the historical site. This meant that not only could the area of agora be increased to 16,590 square metres but also new digs could be launched in a previously unexplored zone. The archaeologists and the local authorities, means permitting, are also keenly eyeing a neighbouring multi-storey car park, which is known to cover an important part of the ancient settlement. During the present renovations the old restorations in concrete are gradually being replaced by marble.
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* [http://www.enosismyrneon.gr/ Association of Smyrneans]
* [http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313679A66406202CCB08CD14B9624BFAEA2 Izmir Agora Museum.]
* {{cite web |url= http://cat.une.edu.au/page/smyrna |title
* [http://translate.google.com.tr/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=tr&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.izmirde.biz&sl=tr&tl=en Smyrna City Guide]
* [http://vimeo.com/10069165 Video footage of Smyrna before and after the Fire]
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[[Kategori:Tempat di Alkitab]]
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