Sofosbuvir: Perbedaan antara revisi

Harga telah menimbulkan kontroversi.<ref name="Stanton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/activists-pounce-1000-day-price-gileads-hep-c-wonder-drug-sovaldi/2013-12-09|title=Activists pounce on $1,000-a-day price for Gilead's hep C wonder drug, Sovaldi|last=Stanton|first=Tracy|website=FiercePharma|publisher=Fierce|access-date=22 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218200421/http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/activists-pounce-1000-day-price-gileads-hep-c-wonder-drug-sovaldi/2013-12-09|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="Waldman">{{Cite web|url=http://doctorsoftheworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Gileads-HCV-drug-sofosbuvir-approved-but-accessible-for-how-many-09DEC2013.pdf|title=Gilead's HCV drug sofosbuvir approved by the FDA but accessible for how many?|last=Waldman|first=Ron|publisher=Doctors of the World|access-date=22 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226224657/http://doctorsoftheworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Gileads-HCV-drug-sofosbuvir-approved-but-accessible-for-how-many-09DEC2013.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Pada 2016 satu pengobatan menghabiskan sekitar $ 84.000 di Amerika Serikat. Pada tahun 2014, daftar harga pengobatan kombinasi 12 pekan dengan rejimen sofosbuvir berbasis sosbuvir berkisar dari $ 84.000 sampai $ 94.000.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/11/business/harvoni-a-hepatitis-c-drug-from-gilead-wins-fda-approval.html|title=Harvoni, a Hepatitis C Drug from Gilead, Wins F.D.A. Approval|last=Pollack|first=Andrew|date=October 10, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="ap122014">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dddmag.com/news/2014/12/gilead-faces-lawsuit-over-hepatitis-c-drug-pricing|title=Gilead Faces Lawsuit Over Hepatitis C Drug Pricing|last=Staff|date=December 11, 2014|work=Drug Discovery & Development|publisher=Advantage Business Media|location=United States|agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes. com">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/07/business/fda-approves-pill-to-treat-hepatitis-c.html|title=F. D. A. Approves Pill to Treat Hepatitis|date=December 6, 2013|author=Pollack, Andrew|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Pada bulan April 2014, House Demokrat AS: Henry Waxman, Frank Pallone Jr., dan Diana DeGette menulis kepada Gilead Sciences Inc. mempertanyakan harga $ 84.000 sofosbuvir. Mereka secara spesifik meminta CEO Gilead John Martin untuk "menjelaskan bagaimana obat itu diberi harga, diskon apa yang sedang dibuat tersedia untuk pasien berpenghasilan rendah dan program kesehatan pemerintah, dan dampak potensial terhadap kesehatan masyarakat oleh perusahaan asuransi yang menghalangi atau menunda akses ke obat ini karena biayanya."<ref name="bloomberg_2014">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-03-21/gilead-s-84-000-treatment-questioned-by-congress|title=Gilead's $84,000 Treatment Questioned by U.S. Lawmakers|last=Armstrong, Drew|date=21 March 2014|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref> Sofosbuvir dikutip sebagai contoh dari bagaimana obat khusus menghadirkan baik manfaat maupun tantangan.<ref name="pppmag_2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pppmag.com/article_print.php?articleid=1637|title=The Increasing Impact of High-Cost Specialty Therapies|last=Lucio, Steven|date=February 2015|publisher=Pharmacy Purchasing & Products Magazine|access-date=4 December 2015|archive-date=2015-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051829/http://www.pppmag.com/article_print.php?articleid=1637|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="JAMA">{{Cite web|title=New expensive treatments for hepatitis C infection|last=Brennan, T.|last2=Shrank W.|date=2014|website=[[JAMA (journal)|JAMA]]|pages=593–594}}Missing or empty <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;url=</code> ([[Bantuan:CS1 errors#cite web url|bantuan]])

Pada Februari 2015, Gilead mengumumkan bahwa sebagian karena diskon yang dinegosiasikan dengan para pengelola keuntungan farmasi dan diskon yang secara sah dimandatkan untuk pembayar pemerintah, diskon rata-rata untuk harga pada daftar pada 2014 adalah 22%. Perusahaan ini memperkirakan bahwa diskon rata-rata pada 2015 akan menjadi 46%.<ref name="Martin_2014">{{cite web|url=http://seekingalpha.com/article/2880996-gilead-sciences-gild-ceo-john-martin-on-q4-2014-results-earnings-call-transcript?page=4|title=Gilead Q4 2014 Earnings Call}}</ref> Menurut California Technology Assessment Forum, dewan yang terdiri atas pakar farmakoekonomik akademik, para perwakilan organisasi perawatan termanajemen, dan para advokat orang-orang dengan hepatitis, diskon 46% akan membuat harga rata-rata pengobatan menjadi sekitar $ 40.000, harga yang di mana rejimen pengobatan berbasis sofosbuvir menunjukkan "harga tinggi" untuk masyarakat dan sistem-sistem perawatan kesehatan.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.ctaf.org/about-ctaf/news/2015/new-lower-prices-gilead-hepatitis-c-drugs-reach-ctaf-threshold-high-health|title=New Lower Prices for Gilead Hepatitis C Drugs Reach CTAF Threshold for High Health System Value|date=2015-02-17|accessdate=2015-02-22}} {{WebarchiveCite web |url=http://www.ctaf.org/about-ctaf/news/2015/new-lower-prices-gilead-hepatitis-c-drugs-reach-ctaf-threshold-high-health |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2017-06-08 |archive-date=2015-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222163142/http://www.ctaf.org/about-ctaf/news/2015/new-lower-prices-gilead-hepatitis-c-drugs-reach-ctaf-threshold-high-health |datedead-url=2015-02-22yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ctaf.org/reports/treatments-hepatitis-c|title=Treatments for Hepatitis C|date=2014-03-10|author=California Technology Assessment Forum|access-date=2017-06-08|archive-date=2014-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020015735/http://www.ctaf.org/reports/treatments-hepatitis-c|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/03/11/business/ap-us-hepatitis-c-drug-cost.html|title=Medical Groups Question Price of New Hep C Drug|date=11 March 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Di Jerman, negosiasi antara Gilead dan asuransi kesehatan berujung pada harga € 41.000 untuk pengobatan 12 pekan, yaitu harga yang sama yang sebelumnya dinegosiasikan dengan sistem kesehatan nasional di Prancis kecuali bahwa tambahan diskon dan rabat berlaku di Prancis bergantung pada volume penjualan dan jumlah kegagalan pengobatan.<ref name="fiercepharma_2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/gilead-strikes-sovaldi-price-deal-germany-it-picks-speed-eu/2015-02-13|title=Gilead strikes Sovaldi price deal in Germany as it picks up speed in EU|access-date=2017-06-08|archive-date=2015-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219041631/http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/gilead-strikes-sovaldi-price-deal-germany-it-picks-speed-eu/2015-02-13|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Di Swiss, harga ditetapkan oleh negara setiap tiga tahun. Harga CHF 16.102,50 untuk 24 pil 400 mg.<ref name="Deindoktor_2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deindoktor.ch/en/online-medication/sovaldi-400-mg_7680632180016.html|title=Sovaldi / Sofosbuvir medication in Switzerland|access-date=2017-06-08|archive-date=2016-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004000943/https://www.deindoktor.ch/en/online-medication/sovaldi-400-mg_7680632180016.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Tidak seperti negara-negara Barat, sofosbuvir lebih terjangkau di [[Jepang]] dan [[Korea Selatan]], sekitar $300 dan $5900 masing-masing selama pengobatan 12 pekan, dengan masing-masing pemerintah menutupi 99% dan 70% biaya masing-masing.<ref name="view.asiae.co.kr">{{cite web|url=http://view.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2016042011590218400|title=C형간염 치료제 건강보험 적용|publisher=|accessdate=2 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="edaily.co.kr">{{cite web|url=http://www.edaily.co.kr/news/NewsRead.edy?SCD=JG11&newsid=02391126612618088&DCD=A00701&OutLnkChk=Y|title=C형 간염 치료제 신약, 내달 1일부터 건강보험 적용|last2=금지|first2=재배포|date=20 April 2016|publisher=|first1=Ⓒ 종합 경제정보 미디어 이데일리-상업적|last1=무단전재|accessdate=2 August 2016|archive-date=2016-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531042623/http://www.edaily.co.kr/news/NewsRead.edy?SCD=JG11&newsid=02391126612618088&DCD=A00701&OutLnkChk=Y|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Di [[Aljazair]], pada tahun 2011 sekitar 70.000 orang terinfeksi hepatitis C.<ref name="AMFAR2015">amfAR Feb. 2015 [http://www.amfar.org/uploadedFiles/_amfarorg/Articles/On_The_Hill/2015/amfAR%20HCV%20Issue%20Brief%20Feb%202015.pdf Hepatitis C and Drug Pricing: The Need for a Better Balance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407153936/http://twww.amfar.org/uploadedFiles/_amfarorg/Articles/On_The_Hill/2015/amfAR%20HCV%20Issue%20Brief%20Feb%202015.pdf |date=2016-04-07 }}</ref> Pada Agustus 2015, Gilead memberikan lisensi kepada mitra-mitranya di India untuk menjual sofosbuvir di Aljazair.<ref name="DNDI2016">Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative April 2016 [http://www.dndi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/AlternativeRDStrategyHepC.pdf An Alternative Research and Development Strategy to Deliver Affordable Treatments for Hepatitis C Patients]</ref><ref>Gilead. </ref> Telah dikritik tidak membuat obat ini tersedia di negara-negara berpenghasilan menengah seperti Aljazair sebelum itu.<ref>Doctors without Borders. </ref>

Pada bulan Februari 2015 dilaporkan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.medecinsdumonde.org/gb/Doctors-of-the-World-Medecins-du-Monde-is-filing-a-patent-challenge-to-Gilead-s-patent-on-sofosbuvir-at-the-European-Patent-Office|title=DOCTORS OF THE WORLD—MÉDECINS DU MONDE OPPOSES SOFOSBUVIR PATENT IN EUROPE|publisher=Médecins du Monde|access-date=12 February 2015|archive-date=2015-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212143338/http://www.medecinsdumonde.org/gb/Doctors-of-the-World-Medecins-du-Monde-is-filing-a-patent-challenge-to-Gilead-s-patent-on-sofosbuvir-at-the-European-Patent-Office|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dokter Dunia telah mengajukan keberatan terhadap paten Gilead<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://register.epo.org/espacenet/regviewer?AP=08732818&CY=EP&LG=en&DB=REG|title=European Patent EP2203462, granted 21 May 2014|website=European Patent Register|publisher=European Patent Office|access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref> kepada [[Kantor Paten Eropa]] mengklaim bahwa struktur sofosbuvir berdasar pada molekul yang sudah dikenal.<ref name="spiegel2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/medizin/sovaldi-aerzte-der-welt-erhebt-einspruch-gegen-patent-a-1017728.html|title=Hepatitis-Pille Sovaldi: "Ärzte der Welt" geht gegen Patent vor|last=Nicola Kuhrt|date=February 10, 2015|publisher=[[Der Spiegel]]|language=German|access-date=February 10, 2015}}</ref> Secara khusus, Dokter Dunia berargumen bahwa teknologi Protide yang memberi kekuatan pada sofosbuvir telah diciptakan sebelumnya oleh tim McGuigan di Cardiff University di Inggris, dan bahwa obat Gilead ini oleh karena itu tidak inventif.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2015/02/10/conflit-autour-d-un-traitement-contre-l-hepatite-c_4573300_3244.html|title=Conflit autour d’un traitement contre l’hépatite C|date=February 10, 2015|language=French|access-date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstwordpharma.com/node/1263122#axzz3RPviNrRF|title=Charity challenges Gilead's European patent on hepatitis C therapy Sovaldi|date=February 10, 2015|access-date=March 4, 2015}}</ref> Kelompok ini mengajukan tantangan di negara-negara berkembang dunia yang lain juga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/20/business/high-cost-of-hepatitis-c-drug-prompts-a-call-to-void-its-patents.html?_r=0|title=High Cost of Sovaldi Hepatitis C Drug Prompts a Call to Void Its Patents - The New York Times}}</ref>

Kombinasi sofosbuvir dengan inhibitor NS5A, seperti daclatasvir atau ledipasvir, telah menunjukkan sustained virological response rate hingga 100% pada orang yang terinfeksi oleh HCV. Kebanyakan studi menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keberhasilan antara 94% dan 97%; jauh lebih tinggi dari pilihan pengobatan sebelumnya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Childs-Kean|first=Lindsey|date=January 16, 2015|title=Simeprevir and Sofosbuvir for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149291814008704|journal=Clinical Therapeutics|volume=37|issue=2|pages=243–67|doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.12.012|pmid=25601269}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Michael|date=December 16, 2014|title=Interferon-/Ribavirin-Free Regimen for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection|url=http://aop.sagepub.com/content/49/3/343.long|journal=Annals of Pharmacotherapy|volume=49|issue=3|pages=343–50|doi=10.1177/1060028014563952|pmid=25515863|access-date=2017-06-08|archive-date=2015-02-27|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150227061817/http://aop.sagepub.com/content/49/3/343.long|dead-url=yes}}</ref>