Steve Jobs: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Tahun 1986, ia mengambil alih divisi grafis komputer [[Lucasfilm|Lucasfilm Ltd]] yang kemudian menjadi [[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]].<ref name="Pixar History 1986">{{cite web|url=http://www.pixar.com/companyinfo/history/1986.html|title=Pixar History – 1986|work=[[Pixar]]|accessdate=April 25, 2008}}</ref> Ia menjadi CEO dan pemegang saham terbesarnya sebanyak 50,1% sampai diambil alih oleh [[The Walt Disney Company]] tahun 2006.<ref name="Apple 2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/bios/jobs.html|title=Apple&nbsp;— Press Info&nbsp;— Bios&nbsp;— Steve Jobs|work=[[Apple Inc.]]|accessdate=September 20, 2006|year=2006|month=May}}</ref> Karena itu pula Jobs menjadi pemegang saham perorangan terbesar di Disney sebanyak 7% dan anggota Dewan Direktur Disney.<ref name="DisneyBuysPixar" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/bios/steve_jobs.html|title=The Walt Disney Company&nbsp;— Steve Jobs Biography}}</ref><ref name="PixarAcquisitionNYTimes">{{cite news|accessdate=January 17, 2010|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/25/business/25disney.html|title=Disney Agrees to Acquire Pixar in a $7.4&nbsp;Billion Deal |work=The New York Times|first=Laura M.|last=Holson|date=January 25, 2006}}</ref><ref name="PixarDisneySubsidiary">{{cite news|accessdate=January 17, 2010|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/business/media/06pixar.html|title=Pixar Becomes Unit of Disney|publisher=The New York Times & The Associated Press|date=May 6, 2006}}</ref> Setelah mengundurkan diri sebagai CEO pada 24 Agustus 2011, Jobs terpilih sebagai ketua dewan direktur Apple.
 
Pada 5 Oktober 2011, Steve Jobs meninggal dunia di [[California]] pada usia 56 tahun, tujuh tahun setelah di[[diagnosis]] menderita [[kanker pankreas]].<ref name="AppleStatement">{{cite press release|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/10/05Statement-by-Apples-Board-of-Directors.html|title=Statement by Apple's Board of Directors|publisher=Apple Inc.|date=October 5, 2011|accessdate=October 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/oct/06/steve-jobs-apple-cofounder-dies|work=The Guardian|location=UK|www.guardian.co.uk]]|title=Steve Jobs, Apple co-founder, dies at 56|date=October 6, 2011|first=Dominic|last=Rushe}}</ref> Pada waktu kematiannya, ia dikenal luas sebagai seorang visioner, perintis dan jeniusgenius dalam bidang bisnis, inovasi, dan desain produk, dan orang yang berhasil mengubah wajah dunia modern, merevolusi enam industri yang berbeda, dan "contoh bagi semua kepala eksekutif". Kematiannya ditanggapi secara luas dan dianggap sebagai kehilangan besar bagi dunia oleh para penggemarnya di seluruh dunia.
 
== Kehidupan awal ==
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Perusahaan baru ini, yang dulunya berpusat di Kerner Studios milik [[Lucasfilm]] di [[San Rafael, California|San Rafael]], California, namun kemudian dipindahkan ke [[Emeryville, California|Emeryville]], California, awalnya ditujukan sebagai pengembang perangkat keras grafis canggih. Setelah bertahun-tahun gagal menjual [[Pixar Image Computer]], perusahaan ini dikontrak oleh Disney untuk memproduksi sejumlah film fitur animasi komputer yang kelak didanai bersama dan didistribusikan oleh Disney.
 
Film pertama yang diproduksi sebagai hasil kerjasamakerja sama ini, yaitu ''[[Toy Story]]'', membawa ketenaran dan pujian kritikus kepada studio ini ketika dirilis tahun 1995. Lebih dari satu dasawarsa selanjutnya, di bawah pimpinan kreatif Pixar [[John Lasseter]], perusahaan ini mampu memproduksi film hit box-office ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' (1998), ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' (1999), ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' (2001), ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' (2003), ''[[The Incredibles]]'' (2004), ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'' (2006), [[Ratatouille (film)|''Ratatouille'']] (2007), ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), ''[[Up (film 2009)|Up]]'' (2009) dan ''[[Toy Story 3]]'' (2010). ''Finding Nemo'', ''The Incredibles'', ''Ratatouille'', ''WALL-E'', ''Up'' dan ''Toy Story 3'' masing-masing menerima [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature]], sebuah penghargaan yang diperkenalkan tahun 2001.
 
Tahun 2003 dan 2004, karena kontrak Pixar dengan Disney habis, Jobs dan pimpinan eksekutif Disney [[Michael Eisner]] mencoba menegosiasikan kerjasamakerja sama baru yang akhirnya gagal,<ref>Wolff, Michael, [http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2006/04/wolff200604?currentPage=all "iPod, Therefore I am"], ''Vanity Fair'' magazine, April, 2006. Retrieved September 3, 2010.</ref> dan pada awal 2004 Jobs mengumumkan bahwa Pixar akan menjadi mitra baru untuk mendistribusikan film-filmnya setelah kontrak dengan Disney berakhir.
 
Bulan Oktober 2005, [[Bob Iger]] menggantikan Eisner di Disney, dan Iger dengan cepat membentuk hubungan dengan Jobs dan Pixar. Tanggal 24 Januari 2006, Jobs dan Iger mengumumkan bahwa Disney setuju membeli Pixar dalam bentuk transaksi saham penuh senilai $7,4&nbsp;miliar. Setelah persetujuan ditutup, Jobs menjadi pemegang saham tunggal terbesar [[The Walt Disney Company]] dengan penguasaan sekitar 7% saham perusahaan tersebut.<ref name="DisneyBuysPixar">January 25, 2006 [http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/jan/25disney.htm ''Disney buys Pixar for $7.4 bn''], rediff.com</ref> Saham Jobs di Disney jauh melampaui milik Eisner yang hanya 1,7%, dan anggota keluarga Disney [[Roy E. Disney]], yang hingga kematiannya tahun 2009 hanya memegang sekitar 1% saham perusahaan dan kritiknya terhadap Eisner — terutama bahwa ia membekukan hubungan Disney dengan Pixar — mempercepat turunnya Eisner. Jobs bergabung dengan dewan direktur perusahaan setelah penyelesaian penggabungan perusahaan. Jobs juga membantu mengawasi bisnis animasi gabungan Disney dan Pixar dengan jabatan pada komite pengawas khusus beranggotakan enam orang.
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:Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. That's why it hired a soft-drinks guy in the first place. By now, however, I knew this was a lunatic plan; our race to realize it had been a death march. Technology companies are only superficially in the same category as consumer products companies. We couldn't bend reality to all our dreams of changing the world. The world would also have to change us. Our perspective had been hopelessly wrong. High tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product. The consumer business had collapsed at the end of 1984. Most people who bought computers stuffed them in the closet because balancing a checkbook wasn't reason enough to flick on the switch. Consumers weren't ready to put computers in their homes as easily as they installed telephones, refrigerators, televisions, and even Cuisinarts. They weren't willing to pay a couple of thousand dollars for something they didn't know what to do with. John Sculley and John A. Byrne, ''Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple – a journey of adventure, ideas and the future'', Harper & Row, 1987</ref>
 
Pada waktu kematiannya, ia dikenal luas sebagai seorang visioner, perintis dan jeniusgenius<ref name="suntimes 1">{{cite web |url=http://www.suntimes.com/8064619-417/steve-jobs-impact-goes-far-beyond-computers.html |title=Steve Jobs' impact goes far beyond phones, computers |first=Richard |last=Roeper |work=Chicago Sun-Times |year=2011 [last update]|accessdate=October 7, 2011 |quote=Steve Jobs was one of the most foremost pioneers of our time... he made a difference that will be felt for 560 years to come}}</ref><ref name="independent 1">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/leading-articles/leading-article-the-sad-loss-of-one-of-a-kind-2366636.html|title=Leading article: The sad loss of one of a kind|work=The Independent|location=UK|date=October 6, 2011|publisher=[[Independent News & Media|INM]]|location=London|issn=0951-9467|oclc=185201487|accessdate=October 6, 2011|quote=Steve Jobs revolutionised no fewer than six different industries: personal computers, mobile phones, music publishing, animated films, digital publishing and tablet computing... His genius was unconfined... an exemplar for all chief executives... a visionary..."}}</ref><ref name="SA Mail & Guardian">{{cite web |url= http://mg.co.za/article/2011-10-07-steve-jobs-a-genius-to-the-end/ |title=Steve Jobs: A genius to the end |first=Alastair |last=Fairweather |work=Mail & Guardian Online (South Africa) |date=October 6, 2011|accessdate=October 7, 2011 |quote=Through sheer hard work... Jobs changed the world not once but three times. His companies and products have delighted and inspired hundreds of millions.}}</ref><ref name="telegraph 1">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/8810051/Apple-can-the-company-continue-the-magic-of-Steve-Jobs.html|title=Apple: can the company continue the magic of Steve Jobs?|first=Katherine|last=Rushton|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=UK|date=October 6, 2011|publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group|TMG]]|location=London|issn=0307-1235|oclc=49632006|accessdate=October 6, 2011|quote=Steve Jobs encapsulated a rare union of technological genius and an instinctive and perfectionist eye for design... his death is a major loss to the world at large}}</ref> dalam bidang bisnis,<ref name="ZDnet 1">{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/business-of-it/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-and-the-limits-of-genius-40094125/ |title=Steve Jobs and the limits of genius|first= Rupert |last=Goodwins |work=[[ZDNet]] |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 7, 2011 |quote=[H]e was a genius, in any way that makes sense of the word. Most particularly, it works in its original senses – a spirit, the light of the fire, a unique, primal, driving intelligence. Nobody else could do what he did, not even after 30 years of seeing him do it ... He was a visionary, a catalyst and a motivator. He saw things that nobody else could see; he made them happen... Steve Jobs was a superb technologist but a better businessman: that is his legacy"}}</ref><ref name="Time Curious Capitalist column">{{cite web |url=http://curiouscapitalist.blogs.time.com/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-the-businessman-can-apple-thrive-without-him/ |title=Steve Jobs the businessman: Can Apple thrive without him?|first=Michael |last=Schuman |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine (Curious Capitalist column)]] |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 6, 2011 |quote=[I]n the world of business, he will also be honored as an absolutely brilliant CEO... Jobs was probably unrivaled in the world today in matching great ideas with savvy marketing and pristine execution}}</ref><ref name="fortune CEO">{{cite news|last=Lashinsky|first=Adam|url=http://money.cnn.com/2009/11/04/technology/steve_jobs_ceo_decade.fortune/index.htm/|title=Steve Jobs: CEO of the decade|publisher=CNN|date=November 5, 2009|accessdate=April 19, 2010}}</ref> inovasi,<ref name="WNCF Obama">{{cite web |url= http://www.wncftv.com/news/entertainment/?feed=bim&id=131228449 |title=Apple 'genius' Steve Jobs dies from cancer|first=Glen |last=Chapman |work=WNCF TV |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 6, 2011|quote=US President Barack Obama paid tribute to one of America's "greatest innovators.... He transformed our lives, redefined entire industries, and achieved one of the rarest feats in human history: he changed the way each of us sees the world"}}</ref> dan desain produk,<ref name="Wall Street Journal 1">{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203388804576614951355580150.html?mod=googlenews_wsj|title= Steve Jobs and the Coolest Show on Earth|first= David|last=Gelernter|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=October 6, 2011|publisher=[[Dow Jones & Company|Dow Jones]]|location=New York|issn=0099-9660|quote=Steve Jobs had a genius for seeing what was good and refining, repackaging and reselling it with dazzling panache. He knew what engineering was for, he understood elegance and he made machines that were works of art.|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> dan orang yang berhasil mengubah wajah dunia modern,<ref name="suntimes 1" /><ref name="SA Mail & Guardian" /><ref name="WNCF Obama" /> merevolusi enam industri yang berbeda,<ref name="independent 1" /> dan "contoh bagi semua kepala eksekutif".<ref name="independent 1" /> Kematiannya ditanggapi secara luas<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wncftv.com/news/entertainment/?feed=bim&id=131228449 |title=Apple 'genius' Steve Jobs dies from cancer|first=Glen |last=Chapman |work=WNCF TV |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=October 6, 2011|quote=Tributes flowed in from around the world ... Ordinary people, many of whom learned of his death on their iPhones and iPads, swamped Twitter using the trending [[hashtag]] #thankyousteve to pay tribute...}}</ref> dan dianggap sebagai kehilangan besar bagi dunia oleh para penggemarnya di seluruh dunia.<ref name="telegraph 1" />
 
Setelah pengunduran dirinya sebagai CEO Apple, Jobs dianggap sebagai [[Thomas Edison]] dan [[Henry Ford]] pada masanya.<ref>{{cite news|author=Cain Miller, Claire|title=Where Some Earn Enmity, Jobs Won Affection|date=August 25, 2011|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/technology/jobs-rare-among-ceos-engendered-affection.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=August 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Nocera, Joe|title=What Makes Steve Jobs Great|date=August 26, 2011|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/27/opinion/nocera-what-makes-steve-jobs-great.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=August 26, 2011}}</ref>