Temperatur dan tekanan standar: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dalam [[kimia]] dan [[sains]] lainnya, istilah '''temperatur dan tekanan standar''' atau '''suhu dan tekanan baku''' ([[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]: ''standard temperature and pressure'', disingkat ''STP'') adalah sebuah keadaan [[standar]] yang digunakan dalam pengukuran eksperimen. Standar ini digunakan agar setiap data dalam percobaan yang berbeda-beda dapat dibandingkan. Standar yang paling umum digunakan adalah standar [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|IUPAC]] dan [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST]]. Terdapat juga variasi standar lainnya yang ditetapkan oleh organisasi-organisasi lainnya. Standar IUPAC sekarang ini adalah [[temperatur]] 0&nbsp;°C (273,15&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]], 32&nbsp;°F) dan [[tekanan absolut]] 100&nbsp;[[kPa]] (14,504 [[psi]]),<ref name="IUPAC">{{cite book|author=A. D. McNaught, A. Wilkinson|title=Compendium of Chemical Terminology, The Gold Book|url=http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/S05910.pdf|edition=2nd Edition|year=1997|publisher=Blackwell Science|isbn=0865426848|quote=Standard conditions for gases: Temperature, 273.15&nbsp;K [...] and pressure of 10⁵&nbsp;pascals. IUPAC recommends that the former use of the pressure of 1 atm as standard pressure (equivalent to {{nowrap|1.01325 × 10⁵ Pa}}) should be discontinued.|access-date=2008-06-24|archive-date=2016-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524211724/http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/S05910.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> sedangkan standar NIST adalah 20&nbsp;°C (293,15&nbsp;K, 68&nbsp;°F) dan tekanan absolut 101,325&nbsp;kPa (14,696&nbsp;psi).

|align="center"|0||align="center"|101,325||&nbsp;||IUPAC (definisi lama),<ref name=IUPAC/> [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST]],<ref name=NISTDataBase7>{{cite web |url=http://www.nist.gov/srd/WebGuide/nist7/07_2.htm |title=NIST Standard Reference Database 7 – NIST Electron and Positron Stopping Powers of Materials Database |accessdate=08-07-25 |author=[[NIST]] |year=1989 |quote=If you want the program to treat the material as an ideal gas, the density will be assumed given by M/V, where M is the gram molecular weight of the gas and V is the mol volume of 22414&nbsp;cm³ at standard conditions (0&nbsp;deg&nbsp;C and 1&nbsp;atm). |archive-date=2011-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629044700/http://www.nist.gov/srd/webguide/nist7/07_2.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ISO 10780<ref name=ISO10780>{{Citation |author=[[ISO]] | title=ISO 10780:1994 : Stationary source emissions - Measurement of velocity and volume flowrate of gas streams in ducts |year=1994 |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=18855}}</ref>

|align="center"|15||align="center"|101,325||align="center"|0<ref name=Handbook>{{cite book|author=Robert C. Weast (Editor)|title=Handbook of Physics and Chemistry|edition=56th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|pages=pp. F201-F206|year=1975|id=ISBN 0-87819-455-X}}</ref><ref name=ISO13443>"Natural gas – Standard reference conditions", ISO 13443, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland &nbsp;[http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue.htm ISO Standards Catalogue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012224817/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue.htm |date=2011-10-12 }}</ref>||[[ICAO]]'s [[International Standard Atmosphere|ISA]],<ref name=Handbook/> ISO 13443,<ref name=ISO13443/> [[European Environment Agency|EEA]],<ref name=EEA>"Extraction, First Treatment and Loading of Liquid & Gaseous Fossil Fuels", Emission Inventory Guidebook B521, Activities 050201 - 050303, September 1999, European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark &nbsp;[http://reports.eea.eu.int/EMEPCORINAIR3/en/B521vs3.1.pdf Emission Inventory Guidebook]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> EGIA<ref name=EGIA>"Electricity and Gas Inspection Act", SOR/86-131 (defines a set of standard conditions for Imperial units and a different set for metric units) &nbsp;[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/E-4/SOR-86-131/95708.html Canadian Laws] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050103235031/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/E-4/SOR-86-131/95708.html |date=2005-01-03 }}</ref>

|align="center"|60||align="center"|14,73||&nbsp;||EGIA,<ref name=EGIA/> [[Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries|OPEC]],<ref name=OPEC>"Annual Statistical Bulletin", 2004, Editor-in-chief: Dr. Omar Ibrahim, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Vienna, Austria &nbsp;[http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/pdf/ASB2004.pdf OPEC Statistical Bulletin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219153207/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/pdf/ASB2004.pdf |date=2008-12-19 }}</ref> U.S. [[Energy Information Administration|EIA]]<ref name=EIA>"Natural Gas Annual 2004", DOE/EIA-0131(04), December 2005, U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington, D.C., USA &nbsp;[http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/natgas/013104.pdf Natural Gas Annual 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427143426/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/natgas/013104.pdf |date=2009-04-27 }}</ref>

|align="center"|59||align="center"|14,696||align="center"|60||ISO 2314, ISO 3977-2<ref name=ISO3977-2>"Gas turbines – Procurement – Part 2: Standard reference conditions and ratings", ISO 3977-2:1997 and "Gas turbines - Acceptance tests", ISO 2314:1989, Edition 2, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/ISOstore/store.html ISO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808113341/http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/ISOstore/store.html |date=2008-08-08 }}</ref>