Ultranasionalisme: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Kotak samping nasionalisme|Jenis}}
'''Ultranasionalisme''' atau '''nasionalisme ekstrem''' adalah
== Partai politik ultranasionalis ==
=== Sekarang terwakili dalam legislatif dan pemerintahan nasional ===
Partai-partai politik berikut ini dikarakterisasikan sebagai ultranasionalis.
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* '''{{flag|Bulgaria}}''': [[Ataka]]<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Stefanos |last=Katsikas |title=Negotiating Diplomacy in the New Europe: Foreign Policy in Post-Communist Bulgaria |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2011 |page=64}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Yunani}}''': [[Chrysi Avgi]]<ref>{{Citation |first=Emmanouil |last=Tsatsanis |title=Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece |journal=Journal of Political Ideologies |volume=16 |issue=1 |year=2011 |pages=11–31 |doi=10.1080/13569317.2011.540939 |quote=...and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group ''Chrysi Avgi'').}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|India}}''': [[Shiv Sena]]<ref>{{cite web |date=8 March 2012 |author=Mark Magnier |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/08/world/la-fg-india-temple-20120309 |title=In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches - latimes |publisher=Articles.latimes.com |accessdate=2015-12-02}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Israel}}''': [[Tkuma (partai politik)|Tkuma]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Times of Israel]]|date=30 December 2018|title=Election Polls: 6-14 Seats for Bennett and Shaked's New Right-wing Party, Labor Party Crashes|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/.premium-israel-elections-far-right-parties-mull-next-steps-after-bennett-s-bombshell-1.6789549}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Polandia}}''': [[Gerakan Nasional (Polandia)|Gerakan Nasional]]<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Algemeiner]]|title=Polish Interior Minister Issues Last-Minute Ban on Neo-Fascist Show of Force Outside Israeli Embassy in Warsaw|date=31 January 2018|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2018/01/31/polish-interior-minister-issues-last-minute-ban-on-neo-fascist-show-of-force-outside-israeli-embassy-in-warsaw/}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Rusia}}''': [[Partai Demokrat Liberal Rusia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130221/179612948/Ultranationalists-Move-to-Slap-Fines-on-Use-of-Foreign-Words.html|title=Ultranationalists Move to Slap Fines on Use of Foreign Words|date=21 February 2013}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Serbia}}''': [[Serbian Radical Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1230/p07s01-woeu.html|title=Serbian Radical Party surge may complicate reform|website=Christian Science Monitor|first=Peter|last=Ford|year=2018|accessdate=17 December 2018}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Slowakia}}''': [[Kotleba – Partai Rakyat Slowakia Kami]]<ref>{{cite news|work=[[New York Times]]|date=17 December 2016|title=Not Even a Prosperous Slovakia Is Immune to Doubts About the E.U.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/17/world/europe/slovakia-european-union-populists-migrants.html}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Spanyol}}''': [[Vox (partai politik)|Vox]]<ref name=acha20190106>{{Cite journal|first=Beatriz|last=Acha|title=No, no es un partido (neo)fascista|date=6 January 2019
* '''{{flag|Turki}}''': [[Partai Gerakan Nasionalis]],<ref>{{cite journal |author=Arman, Murat Necip|title=The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism|journal= CEU Political Science Journal| issue=2|date= 2007 |pp= 133–151}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|author=Eissenstat, Howard. |title=Anatolianism: The History of a Failed Metaphor of Turkish Nationalism|conference=Middle East Studies Association Conference|location=Washington, D.C.|date= November 2002}}</ref> [[Partai Persatuan Besar]]<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Denial of Violence]]|year=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=402|first=Fatma Muge|last=Gocek}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Ukraina}}''': [[Kebebasan (partai politik)|Kebebasan]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20824693 |title=Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists |work=BBC |date=25 December 2012 |accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref>
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=== Partai politik yang digambarkan memiliki fraksi ultranasionalis ===
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*'''{{flag|Argentina}}''': [[La Libertad Avanza]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Europa Press|title=Vox felicita a Milei por el resultado en las elecciones de Argentina y le traslada su "apoyo" para la segunda vuelta|date=23 October 2023|url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-vox-felicita-milei-resultado-elecciones-argentina-le-traslada-apoyo-segunda-vuelta-20231023140722.html|quote=El ultranacionalista Milei, candidato de La Libertad Avanza}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Brazil}}''': [[Partai Liberal (Brazil, 2006)|Partai Liberal]]<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|publisher=Taylor & Francis|first=Julie|last=Cupples|title=Development and Decolonization in Latin America|quote=election of right-wing ultranationalist populist, Jair Bolsonaro}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Tiongkok}}''': [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]]<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Economist|title= A new Twitter account shows how the Chinese Communist Party stirs up ultra-nationalism |date=19 May 2022|url= https://www.economist.com/china/2022/05/19/a-new-twitter-account-shows-how-the-chinese-communist-party-stirs-up-ultra-nationalism/}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Hungaria}}''': [[Fidesz]]<ref>{{cite book|quote=the rightward shift of Fidesz is noticeable by their growing co-optation of ultranationalist narratives|title=Transforming the Transformation?|year=2015|first=Michael|last=Minkenberg|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=126}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2021|title=Contending with Antisemitism in a Rapidly Changing Political Climate|quote=With its ultranationalist policy, Orban's Fidesz party managed to take over the positions of the far-right Jobbik party|page=255|first=Alvin|last=Rosenfeld}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|India}}''': [[Partai Bharatiya Janata]]<ref>{{cite book|title=India's Political Parties|page=19|quote=The other major national party of today, the Bharatiya Janata Party, does not quite fit the religious fundamentalist, the ethnicity-based or the fascist/ultra nationalist categories although it shares, to a large degree, elements of all three|first=Peter Ronald|last=deSouza|year=2006|publisher=SAGE}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Indonesia}}''': [[Gerindra]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Reformasi Reloaded? Implications of Indonesia's 2014 Elections|date=9 September 2014|quote= Prabowo’s coalition consisted of his own ultra nationalist Gerindra|url=https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/183386|work=Center for Security Studies}}</ref>, [[Golkar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27751535|title=Comparing Indonesia's Party Systems of the 1950s and the Post-Suharto Era: From Centrifugal to Centripetal Inter-Party Competition|access-date=2021-07-24|archive-date=2023-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712093306/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27751535|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Italia}}''': [[Lega (partai politik)|Lega]]<ref>{{cite book|quote=it has maintained connections with anti-EU, ultranationalist radical elements of ... Lega Nord|title=Subversion: The Strategic Weaponization of Narratives|year=2023|first=Andreas|last=Krieg|publisher=Georgetown University Press}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Jepang}}''': [[Partai Demokrat Liberal (Jepang)|Partai Demokrat Liberal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis/|title=Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan's New Era Name – Analysis|quote=The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP's project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism.|date=16 July 2019|work=eurasia review}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Frenchy |editor-last=Lunning |title=Mechademia 4: War/Time |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uy90DwAAQBAJ&dq=ultranationalist+Liberal+Democratic+Party+Japan&pg=PA291 |quote= The overturning of the cab driver's 1998 sentiment in Akamatsu's 2007 piece had its political correlative in the victory of the ultranationalist wing of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) when Abe Shinzō became Japan's prime minister in ... |date=2013 |page=291 |publisher=[[U of Minnesota Press]]|isbn=9781452942650 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/why-steve-bannon-admires-japan/|title=Why Steve Bannon Admires Japan|quote=In Japan, populist and extreme right-wing nationalism has found a home within the political establishment.|work=[[The Diplomat]]|date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Maki Kimura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SjvvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT29 |title=Unfolding the 'Comfort Women' Debates: Modernity, Violence, Women's Voices |quote=... a gradual drift towards more nationalistic attitudes to education and politics in general in contemporary Japanese society may party be explained by the effect of ultranationalist politicians in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781137392510 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Masanori Nakamura |title=The Japanese Monarchy: Ambassador Joseph Grew and the Making of the "Symbol Emperor System," 1931-1991 |quote=On July 31, a group of ultranationalist LDP Diet men, alarmed by Nakasone's diplomacy of "submission to foreign pressure" on issues like textbook revision and the Yasukuni Shrine problem, formed the "Association of Those Concerned ... |date=2016 |page=1992 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=9781563241093 }}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Rusia}}''': [[Rusia Bersatu]]<ref name="Putinism">{{cite book |editor=Sabri Kiçmari |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fpegEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA59 |title=History Continues: Three Models of the Continuation of History |quote=Putinism is not consistent as an ideology and political system. Public political attitudes have changed according to the circumstances. From a kind of cautious system to an open society, Putinism has moved significantly in the direction of the authoritarian system. His political party United Russia started as the conservative party of the former communists has moved towards ultranationalist and neo-imperialist ideology (Van Herpen 2013: 7). Van Harpen even qualifies Putinism as an unstable system of a slight variant of fascism-fascism lite. According to him, this system combines elements of proto-fascism, fascism and post-fascism, with a nucleus of ultra-nationalism, militarism and neo-imperialism (Van Herpen 2013: 8). |date=2022 |page=59 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=9789811984020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Chuck Stewart |title=The Greenwood Encyclopedia of LGBT Issues Worldwide |quote=In particular, Putin's efforts are attributed to the burgeoning growth of Russian ultranationalist sociopolitical organizations, such as United Russia (Yedinaya Rossiya) and Ours (Nashi, or Youth Movement - Ours!). |date=2010 |page=360 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313342356 }}</ref>
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[Ultranasionalisme palingenetik]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Nasionalisme]]
[[Kategori:Politik]]
[[Kategori:Ideologi politik]]
[[Kategori:Politik kanan jauh]]
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