Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: VisualEditor Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
Ariandi Lie (bicara | kontrib) k Membatalkan 1 suntingan oleh Goku the budgeaku the budgeaku the fims a 123456789 0 63 874 8 5 4 3 1 (bicara) ke revisi terakhir oleh Bennylin(Tw) Tag: Pembatalan |
||
(25 revisi perantara oleh 17 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{redirect|UTC}}
'''Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi''' (bahasa Inggris: ''Coordinated Universal Time'', bahasa Prancis: ''Temps Universel Coordonné'', singkatan resmi: '''UTC'''{{fn|1}}), sering disebut sebagai '''Waktu Zulu''' adalah perwujudan dari waktu atom dari (UT) atau (GMT). Waktu ini adalah dasar dari di seluruh dunia adalah ditampilkan sebagai tambahan positif atau negatif dari UT. Beda UTC dari adalah sejumlah beberapa detik genap (bukan pecahan), sesuai dengan waktu yang dihitung oleh jam atom. Beda UTC dari UT hanya sepersekian detik.▼
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
|+Waktu saat ini<ref name=":0" />
UTC adalah ukuran waktu campuran: kecepatan dari UTC adalah berdasarkan yang dihitung oleh standar jam atom, tetapi dari UTC dicocokkan selalu supaya dekat dengan waktu UT yang berdasarkan data astronomi. Putaran sedikit demi sedikit mengalami perlambatan (karena efek pengereman oleh pasang-surut), sehingga semakin bertambah semenjak diperkenalkannya TAI. Karena alasan ini, UT adalah "lebih lambat" dari TAI. UTC selalu dipertahankan untuk berada dalam 0.9 detik dari (UT1 adalah satu dari tiga definisi UT yang paling akurat); akan ditambahkan ke (atau mungkin bisa juga dikurangkan dari) UTC disetiap akhir bulan. Hingga saat ini, penambahan/pengurangan detik kabisat ini (yang pertama tahun 1972) selalu dalam harga positif, dan dilakukan pada tanggal 30 Juni atau 31 Desember, di mana penambahan detik kabisat dinamakan sebagai jam 23:59:60. Pengumuman dari detik kabisat ini dilakukan ole (IERS - Sistem Internasional Pelayanan Putaran Bumi dan Referensi), berdasarkan pengukuran akurat dari prakiraan dari putaran bumi. Secara sejarah, satu detik kabisat selalu diperlukan setiap satu atau dua tahun sekali. Namun, detik kabisat sudah lama tidak ditambahkan semenjak tahun 1998, karena perlambatan bumi telah berkurang secara sementara dalam 7 tahun terakhir ini. Detik kabisat yang lalu, seperti pernah diumumkan IERS pada bulan Juli 2005, terjadi pada tanggal 31 Desember 2005.▼
|{{nowrap|{{CURRENTTIME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} (UTC) – <span class="plainlinks" id="purgelink">{{nowrap|[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=purge}} Muat ulang halaman]}}</span></div>
|}
▲'''Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi''' (
[[Berkas:World Time Zones Map.png|jmpl|254x254px|Peta dunia dengan zona waktu]]
▲UTC adalah ukuran waktu campuran: kecepatan dari UTC adalah berdasarkan yang dihitung oleh standar jam atom, tetapi [[epoch]] dari UTC dicocokkan selalu supaya dekat dengan waktu UT yang berdasarkan data astronomi. Putaran [[bumi]] sedikit demi sedikit mengalami perlambatan (karena efek pengereman oleh pasang-surut), sehingga [[Waktu Matahari|mean hari matahari]] semakin bertambah semenjak diperkenalkannya TAI. Karena alasan ini, UT adalah "lebih lambat" dari TAI. UTC selalu dipertahankan untuk berada dalam 0.9 detik dari [[Universal Time|UT1]] (UT1 adalah satu dari tiga definisi UT yang paling akurat); [[detik kabisat]] akan ditambahkan ke (atau mungkin bisa juga dikurangkan dari) UTC
Untuk keperluan praktis, dan untuk keperluan perdagangan dan hukum, perbedaan kecil (dalam pecahan detik) antara UTC dan UT (atau GMT) adalah dianggap kecil, dan karena alasan ini, dalam percakapan biasa UTC sering disebutkan sebagai GMT, walaupun sebenarnya secara teknis ini adalah tidak tepat.
== Hubungan UTC dan zona waktu Indonesia ==
[[Waktu Indonesia Barat]] (WIB) adalah ekuivalen dari UTC+7.
[[Waktu Indonesia Tengah]] (WITA) adalah ekuivalen dari UTC+8.
[[Waktu Indonesia Timur]] (WIT) adalah ekuivalen dari UTC+9.
Contoh: Waktu 00:00 UTC berarti waktu 07:00 WIB, atau 08:00 WITA, atau 09:00 WIT.
== Catatan ==
* {{fnb|1}} WUT dibuat oleh sekelompok ilmuwan internasional, dan mereka tidak mencapai kesepakatan untuk menggunakan singkatan dalam bahasa Inggris, CUT, atau bahasa Prancis, TUC, maka dicarilah jalan tengah yaitu dengan singkatan UTC.<ref name=":0">http://tf.nist.gov/general/misc.htm#Anchor-14550.</ref>
== Referensi ==
Baris 17 ⟶ 26:
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|ref=harv|last1 = Allan|first1=David W.|first2 = Neil|last2 = Ashby|first3 = Clifford C.|last3 = Hodge|publisher = Hewlett-Packard|year = 1997|title = The Science of Timekeeping}} [[Application note|Application Note]].
* {{cite web|
* {{cite web | ref = harv | last1 = Allen | first1 = Steve | url = http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/ | title = UTC might be redefined without Leap Seconds | accessdate = 18 July 2011 | year = 2011b }}
* {{Cite conference | ref = harv | conference = ITU-R Special Rapporteur Group Colloquium on the UTC Time Scale | date = 29 May 2003 | url = http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/torino/arias_3.pdf | title = Rotation of the Earth and Time scales | last1 = Arias | first1 = E. F. | last2 = Guinot | first2 = B. | last3 = Quinn | first3 = T. J. }}
* {{cite web | ref = {{SfnRef|Aviation Time|2006}} | title = Aviation Time | year = 2006 | accessdate = 17 July 2011 | publisher = Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association | work = AOPA's Path to Aviation | url = http://www.aopa.org/path/time.html }}
* {{cite web |ref
* {{cite journal |
* {{cite journal | ref=harv| last1=Finkleman| first1=David| last2=Allen | first2=Steve | last3= Seago | first3 = John | last4 = Seaman | first4 = Rob | last5 = Seidelmann | first5 = P. Kenneth | title = The Future of Time: UTC and the Leap Second | journal=American Scientist | issue = July–August 2011 | year = 2011| page=312 | doi=10.1511/2011.91.1 | arxiv = 1106.3141v1 | volume=99}}
* {{cite journal| ref = harv | last1 = Guinot| first1 = Bernard | date = August 2011 | volume=48 | issue=4 | title = Solar time, legal time, time in use | journal = Metrologica | pages =S181–185| doi = 10.1088/0026-1394/48/4/S08|bibcode = 2011Metro..48S.181G }}
* {{cite web |
* {{cite web | ref = harv | last1 = Horzepa | first1 = Stan | title = Surfin': Time for Ham Radio | publisher = American Radio Relay League | date = 17 September 2010 | url = http://www.arrl.org/news/surfin-time-for-ham-radio | accessdate = 24 October 2011 }}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Howse|first1=Derek|title=Greenwich Time and the Longitude|year=1997|publisher=Philip Wilson|location=London|isbn=0-85667-468-0}}
* {{cite web | ref = {{sfnRef|How NTP Works|2011}} | url = http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/html/warp.html | title = How NTP Works | date = 28 July 2011 | work = NTP: The Network Time Protocol }} See heading "NTP Timescale and Data Formats".
* {{cite web
* {{cite web| ref = {{SfnRef|Iceland|2011}}| title = Iceland
* {{cite journal | ref = {{SfnRef|International Bureau of Weights and Measures|2011}} | author = International Bureau of Weights and Measures | authorlink = International Bureau of Weights and Measures | title = Circular T | issue = 285 | date = 10 October 2011 | url = ftp://ftp2.bipm.org/pub/tai/publication/cirt.285 }}
* {{cite web
* {{cite news|last1 = Irvine|first1 = Chris|title = Scientists propose 'leap hour' to fix time system|date = 18 Dec 2008|newspaper = The Telegraph|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3817096/Scientists-propose-leap-hour-to-fix-time-system.html|ref =
* {{cite web |
* {{cite web|ref=harv
* {{cite web
* {{Cite journal |
* {{Cite book|ref=harv|last1 = McCarthy|first1 = Dennis D.|author1-link = Dennis McCarthy (scientist)|last2 = Seidelmann|first2 = P. Kenneth|year = 2009|publisher = Wiley VCH|location = Weinheim|title = TIME From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics|isbn = 978-3-527-40780-4}}
* {{cite journal |ref
* {{Cite book|ref = harv|year = 1988|last=Markowitz|first = Wm.|editor1-last = Babcock|editor1-first = A. K.|editor2-last = Wilkins|editor2-first = G. A.|title = The Earth's Rotation and Reference Frames for Geodesy and Geophysicss: Proceedings of the 128th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Coolfont, West Virginia, U.S.A., 20–24 October 1986|chapter = Comparisons of ET(Solar), ET(Lunar), UT and TDT|publisher = Kluwer Academic Publishers|location = Dordrecht|bibcode=1988IAUS..128..413M|pages = 413–418}}
* {{cite web | ref = {{SfnRef|Military & Civilian Time Designations|n.d.}} | url = http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/info/timezone.htm | publisher = wwp | title = Military & Civilian Time Designations | access-date = 2013-11-04 | archive-date = 2006-11-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061124025344/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/info/timezone.htm | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | ref = harv | author = National Institute of Standards and Technology | authorlink = National Institute of Standards and Technology | accessdate = 17 July 2011 | url = http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/utcnist.cfm#cut | date = 18 January 2011 | title = Frequently asked questions (FAQ) }}
* {{cite web | ref = harv | author = National Institute of Standards and Technology | authorlink = National Institute of Standards and Technology | url = http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/leapseconds.cfm#often | date = 19 March 2012 | title = Frequently asked questions (FAQ) }}
* {{cite web | ref = {{SfnRef|Military and Civilian Time Zones |n.d.}} | url = http://www.timehubzone.com/time/zones | publisher = www.timehubzone.com | title = Military and Civilian Time Zones }}
* {{cite web |
* {{Cite conference | ref = harv | last1 = Nelson | first1 = Robert A. | last2 = McCarthy | first2 = Dennis D. | author2-link = Dennis McCarthy (scientist) | url = http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/cgsicMeetings/45/29a%20UTCLeapSecond.ppt | title = Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the Future of the Leap Second | conference = Civil GPS Interface Committee | publisher = [[United States Coast Guard]] | date = 13 September 2005
* {{Cite journal |
* {{cite journal | ref = harv | last1 = Seidelmann | first1 = P. Kenneth | last2 = Seago | first2 = John H. | date = August 2011 | volume = 48 | issue = 4 | title = Time scales, their users, and leap seconds | journal = Metrologia | pages = S186–S194 | url = http://www.agi.com/resources/user-resources/downloads/white-paper.aspx?id=158 | doi = 10.1088/0026-1394/48/4/S09 | bibcode = 2011Metro..48S.186S | access-date = 2013-11-04 | archive-date = 2012-10-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121019144359/http://www.agi.com/resources/user-resources/downloads/white-paper.aspx?id=158 | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web | ref = harv | last1 = Seaman | first1 = Rob | url = http://iraf.noao.edu/~seaman/leap/ | title = A Proposal to Upgrade UTC | accessdate = 18 July 2011 | year = 2003 | archive-date = 2011-07-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723140249/http://iraf.noao.edu/~seaman/leap/ | dead-url = yes }}
* {{Cite book|ref=harv|last=Seidelmann|first=P.K.|title=Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac|publisher=University Science Books|location=Sausalito, CA|year=1992}}
* {{Cite journal | ref = harv | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = F. R. | last2 = Morrison | first2 = L. V. |title=Long-term fluctuations in the Earth's rotation: 700 BC to AD 1990 | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A | year = 1995 | pages = 165–202 | bibcode = 1995RSPTA.351..165S | volume = 351 | doi = 10.1098/rsta.1995.0028 | issue = 1695}}
* {{cite web | ref = {{sfnref|Standard time|2010}} | title = Standard time | year = 2010 | url = http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode15/usc_sup_01_15_10_6_20_IX.html | work = U.S. Code | publisher = Legal Information Institute }} Title 15, Chapter 6, Subchapter IX.
* {{cite web | ref = harv | url = http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/volatile/ITU-R-TF.460-4.pdf | title = TF.460-4: Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions | publisher = International Telecommunication Union | at = Annex I | year = 1986 }}
* {{cite web |
* {{cite web | ref = harv | author = Time Service Dept. | title = Leap Seconds | year = c. 2009 | publisher = United States Naval Observatory | url = http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html | accessdate = 17 July 2011 | archive-date = 2012-05-27 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/67yIZgtef?url=http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite web
* {{cite web | title = Universal Time | work = Oxford Dictionaries: British and World English | accessdate = 9 March 2013 | url = http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Universal%2BTime | publisher = Oxford University Press | ref = {{SfnRef|Universal Time|n.d.}} | archive-date = 2013-05-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130504193834/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Universal%2BTime | dead-url = yes }}
* {{cite news|ref=harv|first=Jack|last=Williams|title=Understanding and using Zulu time|url=http://www.usatoday.com/weather/zulu.htm|work=|publisher=[[USA Today]]|date=17 May 2005|accessdate=25 February 2007}}
{{refend}}
Baris 73 ⟶ 82:
* [http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/zeitgesetz.en.html Definition of Coordinated Universal Time in German law–ZeitG §1 (3)]
* [http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/earthor/utc/TAI-UTC_tab.html International Earth Rotation Service; list of differences between TAI and UTC from 1961 to present]
* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/time/master-clock/systems-of-time U.S. Naval Observatory: Systems of Time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011153200/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/time/master-clock/systems-of-time |date=2014-10-11 }}
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime W3C Specification about UTC Date and Time] and [[IETF]] [[Internet standard]] RFC 3339, based on [[ISO 8601]]
* [http://www.ipses.com/prod/timing/UTC-GPS.php?language=en Standard of time definition: UTC, GPS, LORAN and TAI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317224550/http://www.ipses.com/prod/timing/UTC-GPS.php?language=en |date=2015-03-17 }}
* [https://itunews.itu.int/En/4271-What-is-in-a-nameBROn-the-term-Coordinated-Universal-Time.note.aspx What is in a name? On the term Coordinated Universal Time]
{{Perbedaan waktu UTC}}
|