|
Earl Ralph berhasil menguasai puri di [[Dol-de-Bretagne|Dol]]. William bergerak memasuki Kadipaten Britania pada bulan September 1076 dan mengepung puri tersebut. Raja Philippe berhasil mematahkan pengepungan ini dan mengalahkan William dalam [[Pertempuran Dol (1076)|Pertempuran Dol]]. William terpaksa mundur ke Normandia. Meskipun merupakan kekalahan pertama William dalam pertempuran, kekalahan di Dol tidak banyak mengubah keadaan. Serbuan Anjou ke Maine dapat dipatahkan menjelang akhir tahun 1076 atau pada tahun 1077, bahkan Bupati Fulk le Rechin terluka dalam serbuan gagal itu. Peristiwa yang lebih serius adalah pengunduran diri [[Simon de Crépy]], [[Comte Amiens|Bupati Amiens]], untuk berkhalwat di biara. Sebelum menjadi rahib, Simon de Crépy menyerahkan Kabupaten [[Vexin]] kepada Raja Philippe. Kabupaten Vexin merupakan [[negara penyangga|wilayah penyangga]] di antara wilayah Normandia dan wilayah Raja Prancis, dan Simon adalah salah seorang pendukung William.{{efn|Meskipun Simon terbilang sebagai pendukung William, sesungguhnya Kabupaten Vexin berada di bawah kedaulatan Raja Philippe. Itulah sebabnya Philippe mengambil alih pemerintahan kabupaten itu ketika Simon menjadi rahib.<ref name=Bates183/>}} William mencapai kesepakatan damai dengan Raja Philippe pada tahun 1077, dan dengan Bupati Fulk le Rechin menjelang akhir tahun 1077 atau pada awal tahun 1078.<ref name=Bates183>Bates ''William the Conqueror'' hlmn. 183–184</ref>
Pada akhir tahun 1077 atau awal tahun 1078, William mulai berselisih dengan putra sulungnya, Robert Courteheuse. Menurut Ordericus Vitalis, perselisihan ini berpangkal dari pertengkaran Robert dengan kedua adiknya, [[William II dari Inggris|William Rufus]] dan [[Henry I dari Inggris|Henry]], yang konon telah mengguyurkan air ke tubuh Robert, tetapi lebih mungkin karena Robert merasa tidak berkuasa. Ordericus meriwayatkan bahwa permintaan Robert untuk diberi kewenangan memerintah Kabupaten Maine dan Kadipaten Normandia tidak dikabulkan. Perselisihan yang terjadi pada tahun 1077 atau 1078 itu menyebabkan Robert meninggalkan Normandia ditemani sekelompok anak muda yang rata-rata adalah anak menak pendukung William. [[Robert dari Belleme]], [[William de Breteuil]], dan Roger Putra Richard fitz Gilbert juga termasuk di dalam kelompok ini.<!-- Mereka menetap di [[Remalard]] sebagai pangkalan , where they proceeded to raid into Normandy. The raiders were supported by many of William's continental enemies.<ref name=Bates185>Bates ''William the Conqueror'' pp. 185–186</ref> William immediately attacked the rebels and drove them from Remalard, but King Philip gave them the castle at [[Gerberoi]], where they were joined by new supporters. William then laid siege to Gerberoi in January 1079. After three weeks, the besieged forces [[sortie|sallied]] from the castle and managed to take the besiegers by surprise. William was unhorsed by Robert and was only saved from death by an Englishman, Toki putra Wigod, who was himself killed.<ref>Douglas and Greenaway, p. 158</ref> William's forces were forced to lift the siege, and the king returned to Rouen. By 12 April 1080, William and Robert had reached an accommodation, with William once more affirming that Robert would receive Normandy when he died.<ref name=Douglas238>Douglas ''William the Conqueror'' hlmn. 238–239</ref>
[[File:Williams dominions 1087.jpg|thumb|upright|Peta tanah-tanah pertuanan William pada tahun 1087 (daerah berwarna merah muda terang adalah daerah-daerah yang dikendalikan William).]]
Word of William's defeat at Gerberoi stirred up difficulties in northern England. In August and September 1079 King Malcolm of Scots raided south of the [[River Tweed]], devastating the land between the River Tees and the Tweed in a raid that lasted almost a month. The lack of Norman response appears to have caused the Northumbrians to grow restive, and in the spring of 1080 they rebelled against the rule of [[William Walcher]], the [[Bishop of Durham]] and Earl of Northumbria. Walcher was killed on 14 May 1080, and the king dispatched his half-brother Odo to deal with the rebellion.<ref name=Douglas240/> William departed Normandy in July 1080,<ref name=Bates188>Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 188</ref> and in the autumn his son Robert was sent on a campaign against the Scots. Robert raided into Lothian and forced Malcolm to agree to terms, building a fortification at [[Newcastle-on-Tyne]] while returning to England.<ref name=Douglas240>Douglas ''William the Conqueror'' pp. 240–241</ref> The king was at Gloucester for Christmas 1080 and at Winchester for Whitsun in 1081, ceremonially wearing his crown on both occasions. A papal embassy arrived in England during this period, asking that William do fealty for England to the papacy, a request that he rejected.<ref name=Bates188/> William also visited Wales during 1081, although the English and the Welsh sources differ on the exact purpose of the visit. The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' states that it was a military campaign, but Welsh sources record it as a pilgrimage to [[St Davids]] in honour of [[Saint David]]. William's biographer David Bates argues that the former explanation is more likely, explaining that the balance of power had recently shifted in Wales and that William would have wished to take advantage of the changed circumstances to extend Norman power. By the end of 1081, William was back on the continent, dealing with disturbances in Maine. Although he led an expedition into Maine, the result was instead a negotiated settlement arranged by a papal legate.<ref name=Bates189>Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 189</ref>-->
=== Tahun-tahun menjelang kemangkatan ===
Sedikit sekali sumber yang memuat keterangan tentang sepak terjang William antara tahun 1082 sampai tahun 1084. Menurut sejarawan David Bates, kenyataan ini mungkin sekali berarti tidak banyak peristiwa yang patut dicatat, dan karena saat itu William berada di Eropa daratan, tidak ada keterangan apa-apa yang dapat dicatat penulis ''Tawarikh Angli-Saksen''.<ref name=Bates193>Bates ''William the Conqueror'' hlm. 193</ref> Pada tahun 1082, William memerintahkan penahanan Odo, adik seibunya. Alasannya tidak diketahui, karena tidak ada pujangga pada masa itu yang mencatat sebab dari perselisihan William dengan Odo. Ordericuc Vitalis belakangan menulis bahwa Odo berambisi menjadi paus. Ordericus juga meriwayatkan bahwa Odo berusaha mempengaruhi sejumlah kepala daerah yang bertuan kepada William untuk bersama-sama menginvasi kawasan selatan Italia. Tindakan ini sama saja dengan melangkahi kewenangan William atas para bawahannya, sehingga tidak dapat ditoleransi William. Meskipun Odo mendekam di dalam tahanan sampai William mangkat, tanah pertuanannya tidak disita.<!-- More difficulties struck in 1083, when William's son Robert rebelled once more with support from the French king. A further blow was the death of Queen Matilda on 2 November 1083. William was always described as close to his wife, and her death would have added to his problems.<ref name=Douglas243>Douglas ''William the Conqueror'' pp. 243–244</ref>
Maine continued to be difficult, with a rebellion by [[Hubert de Beaumont-au-Maine]], probably in 1084. Hubert was besieged in his castle at [[Siege of Saint-Suzanne, 1083-1086|Sainte-Suzanne]] by William's forces for at least two years, but he eventually made his peace with the king and was restored to favour. William's movements during 1084 and 1085 are unclear – he was in Normandy at Easter 1084 but may have been in England before then to collect the [[danegeld]] assessed that year for the defence of England against an invasion by King [[Cnut IV of Denmark]]. Although English and Norman forces remained on alert throughout 1085 and into 1086, the invasion threat was ended by Cnut's death in July 1086.<ref name=Bates196>Bates ''William the Conqueror'' pp. 196–198</ref>-->
== Kebijakan selaku Raja Inggris ==
|
