Ājīvika

Ajivika (IAST: Ājīvika) adalah salah satu aliran nāstika atau "heterodoks" dari filsafat India.^[7]^[8] Diyakini didirikan pada abad ke-5 SM oleh Makkhali Gosala, aliran tersebut adalah sebuah gerakan śramaṇa dan pesaing besar dari agama Weda, Buddhisme awal dan Jainisme.^[9]

Catatan

^ Balcerowicz, Piotr (2015). Early Asceticism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. hlm. 278. ISBN 9781317538530.
^ Balcerowicz, Piotr (2015). Early Asceticism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. hlm. 279. ISBN 9781317538530.
^ Balcerowicz, Piotr (2015). Early Asceticism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. hlm. 281. ISBN 9781317538530.
^ British Museum catalogue
^ British Museum catalogue
^ Marianne Yaldiz, Herbert Härtel, Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums; an Exhibition Lent by the Museum Für Indische Kunst, Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982, p. 78
^ Natalia Isaeva (1993), Shankara and Indian Philosophy, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791412817, pages 20-23
^ James Lochtefeld, "Ajivika", The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing. ISBN 978-0823931798, page 22
^ Jeffrey D Long (2009), Jainism: An Introduction, Macmillan, ISBN 978-1845116255, page 199

Basham, A.L. (1951). History and Doctrines of the Ājīvikas (edisi ke-2nd). Delhi, India: Moltilal Banarsidass (Reprint: 2002). ISBN 81-208-1204-2. originally published by Luzac & Company Ltd., London, 1951.
Balcerowicz, Piotr (2015). Early Asceticism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (edisi ke-1st). Routledge. hlm. 368. ISBN 9781317538530.
Jayatilleke, K.N. (1963). Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge (edisi ke-1st). London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. hlm. 524. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal 2019-09-09.
Warder, Anthony K. (1998). "Lokayata, Ajivaka, and Ajnana Philosophy". A Course in Indian Philosophy (edisi ke-2nd). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. hlm. 32–44. ISBN 9788120812444.

Doctrines and History of the Ajivikas Diarsipkan 2005-12-15 di Wayback Machine., University of Cumbria, UK
The Ajivikas B.M. Barua (1920), University of Calcutta, West Bengal
A New Account of the Relations between Mahavira and Gosala, Helen M. Johnson, The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 47, No. 1 (1926), pages 74–82
Rock-cut cave halls of Ajivikas Diarsipkan 2015-07-19 di Wayback Machine. Government of Bihar, India
Ajivikas in Malhar, South Kosala, Inscriptions and artwork related to Ajivikas in Chhattisgarh, India, by Ed Murphy (Harvard Law School)
Ajivakas in Manimekhalai, Rao Bahadur Aiyangar (Translated from Tamil), Madras University, pages 54–57
Ajivaka Diarsipkan 2018-04-14 di Wayback Machine., A New Dictionary of Religions, Blackwell Reference (1995), Editor: John R Hinnells