Amarah
Amarah adalah sebuah novel realisme karangan John Steinbeck dan diterbitkan pada tahun 1939.[2] Amarah berhasil memenangkan National Book Award dan Penghargaan Pulitzer untuk fiksi, dan dikutip dengan jelas ketika Steinbeck dianugerahi Penghargaan Nobel pada tahun 1962.
 Sampul edisi Indonesia | |
| Pengarang | John Steinbeck |
|---|---|
| Perancang sampul | Elmer Hader |
| Negara | Amerika Serikat |
| Bahasa | Inggris |
| Genre | Novel |
| Penerbit | The Viking Press-James Lloyd |
Tanggal terbit | 14 April, 1939[1] |
| Halaman | 464 |
| OCLC | 289946 |
| 813.52 | |
Berlatarkan masa Depresi Besar, novel ini berfokus pada Joads, keluarga miskin yang berprofesi sebagai petani penyewa lantas diusir dari rumahnya di Oklahoma karena kelaparan, kesulitan ekonomi, perubahan industri pertanian, dan penyitaan bank memaksa petani berhenti bekerja. Karena situasi mereka yang hampir tanpa harapan, dan sebagian karena mereka terjebak di Dust Bowl, Joad berangkat ke California bersama ribuan Okie lainnya mencari pekerjaan, tanah, martabat, dan sebuah masa depan.
Amarah sering dibaca di sekolah menengah Amerika dan kelas sastra perguruan tinggi karena konteks sejarah dan warisan abadi.[3] Adapatasi filmnya dibintangi oleh Henry Fonda dan disutradarai John Ford, rilis pada tahun 1940.
Referensi sunting
- ^ "Grapes of Wrath, a classic for today?". BBC News. April 14, 2009. Diakses tanggal August 26, 2013.
- ^ Tanggal publikasi resmi 14 April 1939, tepat empat tahun sejak hari Badai Minggu Hitam, di antara badai debu Dust Bowl terburuk, yang pada kehidupan nyata, menyebabkan banyak orang Oklahoma bermigrasi ke California untuk mencari pekerjaan.
- ^ "The Big Read | The Grapes of Wrath". National Endowment for the Arts. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 31, 2012. Diakses tanggal May 9, 2012.
Daftar pustaka sunting
- Garcia, Reloy. "The Rocky Road to Eldorado: The Journey Motif in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath." Steinbeck Quarterly 14.03-04 (Summer/Fall 1981): 83-93
- Gregory, James N. "Dust Bowl Legacies: the Okie Impact on California, 1939–1989". California History 1989 68(3): 74–85. ISSN 0162-2897
- Henkel, Scott. "A Seditious Proposal." The Grapes of Wrath: A Reconsideration' Vol. 1. Ed. Michael J. Meyer. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2009. 219–42.
- Saxton, Alexander. "In Dubious Battle: Looking Backward". Pacific Historical Review 2004 73(2): 249–262. ISSN 0030-8684 Fulltext: online at Swetswise, Ingenta, Ebsco
- Sobchack, Vivian C. "The Grapes of Wrath (1940): Thematic Emphasis through Visual Style". American Quarterly 1979 31(5): 596–615. ISSN 0003-0678 Fulltext: in Jstor. Discusses the visual style of John Ford's cinematic adaptation of the novel. Usually the movie is examined in terms of its literary roots or its social protest. But the imagery of the film reveals the important theme of the Joad family's coherence. The movie shows the family in closeups, cramped in small spaces on a cluttered screen, isolated from the land and their surroundings. Dim lighting helps abstract the Joad family from the reality of Dust Bowl migrants. The film's emotional and aesthetic power comes from its generalized quality attained through this visual style.
- Windschuttle, Keith. "Steinbeck's Myth of the Okies". The New Criterion, Vol. 20, No. 10, June 2002.
- Zirakzadeh, Cyrus Ernesto. "John Steinbeck on the Political Capacities of Everyday Folk: Moms, Reds, and Ma Joad's Revolt". Polity 2004 36(4): 595–618. ISSN 0032-3497
- Gardner, John (1991) [1984]. The Art of Fiction: Notes on Craft for Young Writers (edisi ke-Vintage Books). Vintage Books. ISBN 0-679-73403-1.
Pranala luar sunting
- The Grapes of Wrath di Faded Page (Canada)
- John Steinbeck in the Santa Cruz Mountains – A history of Steinbeck's life living in the Santa Cruz Mountains while writing The Grapes of Wrath
- 2 short radio episodes "Spring in California" and "Route 66" from The Grapes of Wrath, California Legacy Project.
- "The Grapes of Wrath revisited," (videos) The Guardian [Chris McGreal journeys along Route 66 – following the path of the Joads, of John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, to compare that account of the Great Depression with today's United States under President Barack Obama.
- Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – Grapes of Wrath
- National Public Radio: Grapes of Wrath, Present at the Creation
- Oklahoma Digital Maps Collection at Oklahoma State University
- "National Steinbeck Center in Salinas, CA". steinbeck.org. National Steinbeck Center.