Elyesa Bazna
Elyesa Bazna (bahasa Turki: [ˈeljesɑ ˈbɑznɑ]), yang juga disebut sebagai Iliaz[2] dan Ilyaz Bazna (Albania: [iliaz bazna]),[3] (28 Juli 1904 – 21 Desember 1970), adalah seorang agen rahasia untuk Jerman Nazi pada Perang Dunia II, beroperasi di bawah nama kode Cicero.
Elyesa Bazna | |
---|---|
Lahir | Elyesa Bazna 28 Juli 1904 Pristina, Vilayet Kosovo (sekarang Kosovo) |
Meninggal | 21 Desember 1970 Munich, Jerman | (umur 66)
Makam | Friedhof am Perlacher Forst, Munich, Jerman[1] |
Kebangsaan | Turki (keturunan Albania) |
Nama lain | Cicero |
Dikenal atas | Mata-mata untuk Jerman Nazi |
Lahir di Pristina, Bazna masuk akademi militer, dan bergabung dengan unit militer Prancis pada usia 16 tahun. Ia didakwa mencuri kendaraan dan senjata, sehingga ia menjalani tiga tahun dalam kamp buruh paksa di Prancis. Bazna memegang sejumlah pekerjaan manual di kota-kota Turki dan Prancis sebelum meraih pekerjaan untuk para diplomat dan konsulat asing sebagai penjaga pintu, sopir dan petugas keamanan. Ia dapat berbicara dalam berbagai bahasa, termasuk Prancis, yang merupakan bahasa paling dominan di kalangan diplomat pada masa itu. Pada 1943, Bazna diangkat menjadi seorang pemarkir oleh Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, duta besar Inggris di Ankara, Turki. Ia memfoto dokumen-dokumen Inggris yang dimiliki Knatchbull-Hugessen, dan menjualnya kepada Jerman melalui atase mereka Ludwig Carl Moyzisch dalam apa yang menjadi dikenal sebagai urusan Cicero.
Catatan
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sunting- Adams, Jefferson (1 September 2009). "Cicero Affair". Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6320-0.
- Auer, Peter (1995). Von Dahlem each Hiroshima. Aufbau Verlag GmbH. ISBN 3-351-02429-0.
- Bazna, Elyesa (1962). I was Cicero. London: A. Deutsch. LCCN 62048893.
- BBC Staff (1 April 2005). "Secret plot to catch out Nazi spy". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2016.
- Brown, Anthony Cave (1 November 2007). Bodyguard of Lies. Globe Pequot Press. ISBN 978-1-59921-383-5.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- CIA (18 September 2016). "Footnote to Cicero, CIA Historical Review Program". Central Intelligence Agency. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-05. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2016. Artikel ini berisi bahan berstatus domain umum dari situs web atau dokumen Pemerintah Amerika Serikat.
- Craig, John S. (2005). Peculiar Liaisons: In War, Espionage, and Terrorism in the Twentieth Century. Algora Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87586-331-3.
- Crump, Thomas (7 November 2013). Brezhnev and the Decline of the Soviet Union. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-66915-8.
- Delattre, Lucas (1 December 2007). A Spy at the Heart of the Third Reich: The Extraordinary Story of Fritz Kolbe, America's Most Important Spy in World War II. Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-8021-9649-1.
- Denniston, Robin (September 2004). "Bazna, Elyesa [alias Cicero] (b. 1903), spy". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/60870. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-08-13. Diakses tanggal 29 May 2016.
- Edwards, A. C. (1946). "The Impact of the War on Turkey". International Affairs. 22 (3): 389–400. JSTOR 3017044.
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- Gladwell, Malcolm (10 May 2010). "Pandora's Briefcase". Diakses tanggal 28 May 2016.
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- Kirkus Reviews (15 October 1999). "The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II". Kirkus Reviews. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016.
- Luce, Henry Robinson, ed. (January 1971). "Died. Elyesa Bazna". Time. Time Incorporated. hlm. xcvi.
- Kurbalija, Jovan; Slavik, Hannah (2001). Language and Diplomacy. Diplo Foundation. ISBN 978-99909-55-15-6.
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- Nash, Jay Robert (28 October 1997). Spies: A Narrative Encyclopedia of Dirty Tricks and Double Dealing from Biblical Times to Today. M. Evans. ISBN 978-1-4617-4770-3.
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- National Archives and Records Administration (15 August 2016). "Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State (RG 84): Turkey". State Department and Foreign Affairs Records. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2016 – via National Archives and Records Administration.
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- Paterson, Tony (25 September 2004). "Germany finally honours the 'traitor' spy". The Independent.
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- Shugaar, Antony; Peter Earnest; Steven Guarnaccia (2006). I Lie for a Living: Greatest Spies of All Times. National Geographic. ISBN 978-0-7922-5316-7.
- Simmons, Mark (15 July 2014). Agent Cicero: Hitler's Most Successful Spy. History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5729-8.
- Srodes, James (July 1, 2000). Allen Dulles: Master of Spies. Regnery Publishing, Incorporated, An Eagle Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-89526-223-3.
- Steinberg, Jonathan (January 1, 1999). The Deutsche Bank and Its Gold Transactions During the Second World War. C.H.Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-44552-1.
- Sweeney, Kevin (1999). James Mason: A Bio-bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. hlm. 124–125. ISBN 978-0-313-28496-0.
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- Tweedie, Neil; Day, Peter (22 May 2003). "Envoy's singing valet was Nazi spy". Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 August 2011. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2016.
- VanderLippe, John M. (February 1, 2012). Politics of Turkish Democracy, The: Ismet Inonu and the Formation of the Multi-Party System, 1938–1950. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-8337-4.
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- Wires, Richard (1999). The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96456-6.
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Bacaan tambahan
sunting- Colvin, Ian Goodhope (1951). Chief of Intelligence. London: Gollancz. LCCN 51005512.
- Kersaudy, François (2005). L'affaire Cicéron (dalam bahasa French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN 2-262-01921-5.
- Moyzisch, L. C. (1952). Der Fall Cicero (dalam bahasa German). Heidelberg: Palladium Verlag. LCCN 52033431.