Isotop emas
nuklida dengan nomor atom 79 tetapi dengan nomor massa berbeda
(Dialihkan dari Emas-197)
Emas (79Au) memiliki satu isotop stabil, 197Au, dan 36 radioisotop, dengan 195Au menjadi yang paling stabil dengan waktu paruh 186 hari. Emas saat ini dianggap sebagai unsur monoisotop terberat. Bismut sebelumnya memegang gelar tersebut sampai peluruhan alfa dari isotop 209Bi teramati. Semua isotop emas bersifat radioaktif atau, dalam kasus 197Au, stabil secara pengamatan, yang berarti bahwa 197Au diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati.
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| Berat atom standar Ar°(Au) |
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Daftar isotop
sunting| Nuklida [n 1] |
Z | N | Massa isotop (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Waktu paruh [n 4] |
Mode peluruhan [n 5] |
Isotop anak [n 6][n 7] |
Spin dan paritas [n 8][n 4] |
Kelimpahan alami (fraksi mol) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energi eksitasi[n 4] | Proporsi normal | Rentang variasi | |||||||||||||||||
| 169Au | 79 | 90 | 168,99808(32)# | 150# μdtk | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||||
| 170Au | 79 | 91 | 169,99612(22)# | 310(50) μdtk [286(+50−40) μdtk] |
(2−) | ||||||||||||||
| 170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) μdtk [0,62(+6−5) mdtk] |
(9+) | ||||||||||||||||
| 171Au | 79 | 92 | 170,991879(28) | 30(5) μdtk | p | 170Pt | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
| α (langka) | 167Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1,014(19) mdtk | α (54%) | 167Ir | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
| p (46%) | 170Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 172Au | 79 | 93 | 171,99004(17)# | 4,7(11) mdtk | α (98%) | 168Ir | tinggi | ||||||||||||
| p (2%) | 171Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 173Au | 79 | 94 | 172,986237(28) | 25(1) mdtk | α | 169Ir | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
| β+ (langka) | 173Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14,0(9) mdtk | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
| β+ (4%) | 173Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 174Au | 79 | 95 | 173,98476(11)# | 139(3) mdtk | α | 170Ir | rendah | ||||||||||||
| β+ (langka) | 174Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) mdtk | tinggi | ||||||||||||||||
| 175Au | 79 | 96 | 174,98127(5) | 100# mdtk | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||
| β+ (18%) | 175Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) mdtk | α | 171Ir | 11/2−# | ||||||||||||||
| β+ | 175Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 176Au | 79 | 97 | 175,98010(11)# | 1,08(17) dtk [0,84(+17−14) dtk] |
α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | ||||||||||||
| β+ (40%) | 176Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) mdtk | (7+) | ||||||||||||||||
| 177Au | 79 | 98 | 176,976865(14) | 1,462(32) dtk | β+ (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2+, 3/2+) | ||||||||||||
| α (40%) | 173Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1,180(12) dtk | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||||
| 178Au | 79 | 99 | 177,97603(6) | 2,6(5) dtk | β+ (60%) | 178Pt | |||||||||||||
| α (40%) | 174Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 179Au | 79 | 100 | 178,973213(18) | 7,1(3) dtk | β+ (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
| α (22%) | 175Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | |||||||||||||||||
| 180Au | 79 | 101 | 179,972521(23) | 8,1(3) dtk | β+ (98,2%) | 180Pt | |||||||||||||
| α (1,8%) | 176Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 181Au | 79 | 102 | 180,970079(21) | 13,7(14) dtk | β+ (97,3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
| α (2,7%) | 177Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 182Au | 79 | 103 | 181,969618(22) | 15,5(4) dtk | β+ (99,87%) | 182Pt | (2+) | ||||||||||||
| α (0,13%) | 178Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 183Au | 79 | 104 | 182,967593(11) | 42,8(10) dtk | β+ (99,2%) | 183Pt | (5/2)− | ||||||||||||
| α (0,8%) | 179Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 183m1Au | 73,3(4) keV | >1 μdtk | (1/2)+ | ||||||||||||||||
| 183m2Au | 230,6(6) keV | <1 μdtk | (11/2)− | ||||||||||||||||
| 184Au | 79 | 105 | 183,967452(24) | 20,6(9) dtk | β+ | 184Pt | 5+ | ||||||||||||
| 184mAu | 68,46(1) keV | 47,6(14) dtk | β+ (70%) | 184Pt | 2+ | ||||||||||||||
| IT (30%) | 184Au | ||||||||||||||||||
| α (0,013%) | 180Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 185Au | 79 | 106 | 184,965789(28) | 4,25(6) mnt | β+ (99,74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
| α (0,26%) | 181Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6,8(3) mnt | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||||||
| 186Au | 79 | 107 | 185,965953(23) | 10,7(5) mnt | β+ (99,9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | ||||||||||||
| α (8×10−4%) | 182Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 186mAu | 227,77(7) keV | 110(10) ndtk | 2+ | ||||||||||||||||
| 187Au | 79 | 108 | 186,964568(27) | 8,4(3) mnt | β+ (99,997%) | 187Pt | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
| α (0,003%) | 183Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 187mAu | 120,51(16) keV | 2,3(1) dtk | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | ||||||||||||||
| 188Au | 79 | 109 | 187,965324(22) | 8,84(6) mnt | β+ | 188Pt | 1(−) | ||||||||||||
| 189Au | 79 | 110 | 188,963948(22) | 28,7(3) mnt | β+ (99,9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
| α (3×10−4%) | 185Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 189m1Au | 247,23(16) keV | 4,59(11) mnt | β+ | 189Pt | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
| IT (langka) | 189Au | ||||||||||||||||||
| 189m2Au | 325,11(16) keV | 190(15) ndtk | 9/2− | ||||||||||||||||
| 189m3Au | 2554,7(12) keV | 242(10) ndtk | 31/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
| 190Au | 79 | 111 | 189,964700(17) | 42,8(10) mnt | β+ | 190Pt | 1− | ||||||||||||
| α (10−6%) | 186Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) mdtk | IT | 190Au | 11−# | ||||||||||||||
| β+ (langka) | 190Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 191Au | 79 | 112 | 190,96370(4) | 3,18(8) jam | β+ | 191Pt | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
| 191m1Au | 266,2(5) keV | 920(110) mdtk | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
| 191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ndtk | |||||||||||||||||
| 192Au | 79 | 113 | 191,964813(17) | 4,94(9) jam | β+ | 192Pt | 1− | ||||||||||||
| 192m1Au | 135,41(25) keV | 29 mdtk | IT | 192Au | (5#)+ | ||||||||||||||
| 192m2Au | 431,6(5) keV | 160(20) mdtk | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
| 193Au | 79 | 114 | 192,964150(11) | 17,65(15) jam | β+ (100%) | 193Pt | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
| α (10−5%) | 189Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
| 193m1Au | 290,19(3) keV | 3,9(3) dtk | IT (99,97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
| β+ (0,03%) | 193Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
| 193m2Au | 2486,5(6) keV | 150(50) ndtk | (31/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
| 194Au | 79 | 115 | 193,965365(11) | 38,02(10) jam | β+ | 194Pt | 1− | ||||||||||||
| 194m1Au | 107,4(5) keV | 600(8) mdtk | IT | 194Au | (5+) | ||||||||||||||
| 194m2Au | 475,8(6) keV | 420(10) mdtk | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
| 195Au | 79 | 116 | 194,9650346(14) | 186,098(47) hri | EC | 195Pt | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
| 195mAu | 318,58(4) keV | 30,5(2) dtk | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
| 196Au | 79 | 117 | 195,966570(3) | 6,1669(6) hri | EC (93,05%) | 196Pt | 2− | ||||||||||||
| β− (6,95%) | 196Hg | ||||||||||||||||||
| 196m1Au | 84,660(20) keV | 8,1(2) dtk | IT | 196Au | 5+ | ||||||||||||||
| 196m2Au | 595,66(4) keV | 9,6(1) jam | 12− | ||||||||||||||||
| 197Au[n 9] | 79 | 118 | 196,9665687(6) | Stabil Secara Pengamatan[n 10] | 3/2+ | 1,0000 | |||||||||||||
| 197mAu | 409,15(8) keV | 7,73(6) dtk | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
| 198Au | 79 | 119 | 197,9682423(6) | 2,69517(21) hri | β− | 198Hg | 2− | ||||||||||||
| 198m1Au | 312,2200(20) keV | 124(4) ndtk | 5+ | ||||||||||||||||
| 198m2Au | 811,7(15) keV | 2,27(2) hri | IT | 198Au | (12−) | ||||||||||||||
| 199Au | 79 | 120 | 198,9687652(6) | 3,139(7) hri | β− | 199Hg | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
| 199mAu | 548,9368(21) keV | 440(30) μdtk | (11/2)− | ||||||||||||||||
| 200Au | 79 | 121 | 199,97073(5) | 48,4(3) mnt | β− | 200Hg | 1(−) | ||||||||||||
| 200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18,7(5) jam | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | ||||||||||||||
| IT (18%) | 200Au | ||||||||||||||||||
| 201Au | 79 | 122 | 200,971657(3) | 26(1) mnt | β− | 201Hg | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
| 201m1Au | 594(5) keV | 730(630) μdtk | (11/2-) | ||||||||||||||||
| 201m2Au | 1610(5) keV | 5,6(2,4) μdtk | (11/2-) | ||||||||||||||||
| 202Au | 79 | 123 | 201,97381(18) | 28,8(19) dtk | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | ||||||||||||
| 203Au | 79 | 124 | 202,975155(3) | 60(6) dtk | β− | 203Hg | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
| 203mAu | 641(3) keV | 140(44) μdtk | IT | 203Au | 11/2−# | ||||||||||||||
| 204Au | 79 | 125 | 203,97772(22)# | 38,3(1,3) dtk | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | ||||||||||||
| 204mAu | 3816(1000)# keV | 2,1(0,3) μdtk | IT | 204Au | 16+# | ||||||||||||||
| 205Au | 79 | 126 | 204,97985(21)# | 32,5(1,4) dtk | β− | 205Hg | 3/2+# | ||||||||||||
| 205m1Au | 907(5) keV | 6(2) dtk | 11/2−# | ||||||||||||||||
| 205m2Au | 2850(5) keV | 163(5) ndtk | 19/2+# | ||||||||||||||||
| 206Au | 79 | 127 | 205,98474(32)# | 47(11) dtk | β− | 206Hg | (5+, 6+) | ||||||||||||
| Header & footer tabel ini: | |||||||||||||||||||
- ^ mAu – Isomer nuklir tereksitasi.
- ^ ( ) – Ketidakpastian (1σ) diberikan dalam bentuk ringkas dalam tanda kurung setelah digit terakhir yang sesuai.
- ^ # – Massa atom bertanda #: nilai dan ketidakpastian yang diperoleh bukan dari data eksperimen murni, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren dari Permukaan Massa (trends from the Mass Surface, TMS).
- ^ a b c # – Nilai yang ditandai # tidak murni berasal dari data eksperimen, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren nuklida tetangga (trends of neighboring nuclides, TNN).
- ^
Mode peluruhan:
EC: Penangkapan elektron IT: Transisi isomerik
p: Emisi proton - ^ Simbol miring tebal sebagai anak – Produk anak hampir stabil.
- ^ Simbol tebal sebagai anak – Produk anak stabil.
- ^ ( ) nilai spin – Menunjukkan spin dengan argumen penempatan yang lemah.
- ^ Bahan potensial untuk bom bergaram
- ^ Diyakini mengalami peluruhan α menjadi 193Ir
Referensi
sunting- ^ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- Massa isotop dari:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683
. - Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051 .
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 Oktober 2005.
- Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Laboratorium Nasional Brookhaven.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". Dalam Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-85). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
