Filipina Amerika
kelompok etnik; orang Amerika keturunan Filipina
Filipina Amerika (Tagalog: Pilipino Amerikano) adalah orang Amerika keturunan Filipina dan terdiri dari sekitar 3.4 juta penduduk, atau 1.1% dari seluruh penduduk AS. Mereka adalah kelompok keturunan Asia yang menyatakan diri mereka terbesar kedua di negara tersebut setelah Tionghoa Amerika menurut Survey Komunitas Amerika 2010.[4]
| |||||||||||||
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California (1,474,707),[1] Hawaii (342,095),[1] Illinois (139,090),[1] Texas (137,713),[1] Washington (137,083),[1] New Jersey (126,793),[1] New York (126,129),[1] Nevada (123,891),[1] Florida (122,691),[1] Virginia (90,493),[1] Maryland (56,909),[1] Arizona (53,067)[1] | |||||||||||||
| Bahasa | |||||||||||||
| Bahasa Inggris Amerika, Bahasa Inggris Filipina, Filipina, Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Ibanag, Ilonggo, Bicolano, Waray, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, dan lain-lain.[2] | |||||||||||||
| Agama | |||||||||||||
| 65% Katolik Roma, 21% Protestantisme, 8% Tak beragama, 1% Buddhisme[3] | |||||||||||||
Istilah Filipina Amerika terkadang disingkat "Fil-Ams",[5] atau "Pinoy". Mesnurut sejarawan Filipina Amerika Dawn Mabalon, awal kemunculan istilah Pinoy dan Pinay, adalah pada sebuah ulasan 1926 dari Filipino Student Bulletin. Artikel yang menampilkan istilah tersebut berjudul "Filipino Women in U.S. Excel in Their Courses: Invade Business, Politics."[6] Beberapa orang Filipina percaya bahwa istilah Pinoy diberikan kepada orang Filipina yang datang ke Amerika Serikat untuk membedakan diri mereka dari orang Filipina yang tinggal di Filipina.[7]
Orang Filipina di Amerika Utara pertama kali didokumentasikan pada abad ke-16,[8] pada pemukiman kecil pada permulaan abad ke-18.[9]
Demografi sunting
Sensus 2010 menyatakan bahwa terdapat 3.4 juta Filipina Amerika, sementara Departemen Negara Amerika Serikat pada 2011 memperkirakan bahwa jumlahnya adalah 4 juta orang. Filipina Amerika adalah populasi orang Asia di Amerika terbesar kedua, dan populasi Filipina perantauan terbesar. Jumlah populasi Filipina Amerika yang signifikan dapat ditemukan di California, Hawaii, wilayah metropolitan New York dan New Jersey, Illinois, dan Texas.
Filipina Amerika terkenal sunting
Referensi sunting
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "PCT1 TOTAL POPULATION: Universe:Total population, 2010 Census Summary File 2". 2010 Census. biro Sensus Amerika Serikat. Diakses tanggal 4 Desember 2012.
- ^ Melen McBride, RN, PhD. "HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE OF FILIPINO AMERICAN ELDERS". Stanford University School of Medicine. Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-22. Diakses tanggal 8 June 2011.
- ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths, Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2014.
Religious Affiliations Among U.S. Asian American Groups - Filipino: 89% Christian (21% Protestant (12% Evangelical, 9% Mainline), 65% Catholic, 3% Other Christian), 1% Buddhist, 0% Muslim, 0% Sikh, 0% Jian, 2% Other religion, 8% Unaffiliated
"Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Pew Research Center. 19 July 2014. Diakses tanggal 8 August 2014.Filipino Americans: 89% All Christian (65% Catholic, 21% Protestant), 8% Unaffiliated, 1% Buddhist
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamausacensus1 - ^ "Fil-Am: abbreviation Filipino American.", allwords.com, Date accessed: 29 April 2011
- ^ Mabalon, Dawn, Little Manila is in the Heart (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2013), 20, 37.
- ^ Marina Claudio-Perez (Oktober 1998). "Filipino Americans" (PDF). The California State Library. State of California. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-09-30. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2011.
Filipino Americans are often shortened into Pinoy Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by the early Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines. Others claim that it implies "Filipino" thoughts, deeds and spirit.
- ^ Mercene, Floro L. (2007). Manila Men in the New World: Filipino Migration to Mexico and the Americas from the Sixteenth Century. The University of the Philippines Press. hlm. 161. ISBN 971-542-529-1. Diakses tanggal 1 July 2009.<
Rodel Rodis (25 Oktober 2006). "A century of Filipinos in America". Inquirer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-22. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2011. - ^ Rodel Rodis (25 October 2006). "A century of Filipinos in America". Inquirer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-22. Diakses tanggal 4 Mei 2011.
Bacaan tambahan sunting
- Pido, Antonio J. A. (1986). The Pilipinos in America: macro/micro dimensions of immigration and integration. CMS Migration and Ethnicity Series. Center for Migration Studies. hlm. 151. ISBN 978-0-913256-78-7.
- Espiritu, Yen (1995). Filipino American Lives. Temple University Press. hlm. 232. ISBN 978-1-56639-317-1.
- Crisostomo, Isabelo T. (1996). Filipino achievers in the USA & Canada: profiles in excellence. Bookhaus Publishers. hlm. 369. ISBN 978-0-931613-11-1.
- Bankston III, Carl L. (2005). "Filipino Americans". Dalam Min, Pyong Gap. Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues. Pine Forge Press. hlm. 180–202, 368. ISBN 978-1-4129-0556-5.
- Isaac, Allan Punzalan (2006). American Tropics: Articulating Filipino America. U of Minnesota Press. hlm. 256. ISBN 978-0-8166-4274-8.
- Tiongson, Antonio; Gutierrez, Ricardo; Guiterrez, Edgardo, ed. (2006). Positively No Filipinos Allowed: Building Communities and Discourse. Temple University Press. hlm. 272. ISBN 978-1-59213-121-1.
Kumpulan Arsip sunting
- Cannery Workers and Farm Laborers Union, Local 7 Records Diarsipkan 2011-07-20 di Wayback Machine., 1915–1985; Predominantly 1933–1982. 46.31 cubic feet. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
- Carlos Bulosan Papers, 1914–1976. Diarsipkan 2011-05-19 di Wayback Machine. 4.65 cubic feet, 17 microfilm reels. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
- Chris D. Mensalvas Papers, 1935–1974. Diarsipkan 2011-07-20 di Wayback Machine. .25 cubic feet, 1 sound cassette. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
- Chris D. Mensalvas Photograph Collection, 1937–1956. Diarsipkan 2011-07-20 di Wayback Machine. 1 folder of photographic prints. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
- Trinidad Rojo Papers, 1923–1991. Diarsipkan 2011-07-20 di Wayback Machine. 2.81 cubic feet. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
Pranala luar sunting
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Filipino Americans.
- Eloisa Gomez Borah (2012). "Americans of Filipino Descent - FAQs". UCLA Anderson School of Management. University of California, Los Angeles. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-07. Diakses tanggal 2014-12-24.
- "FANHS National". Filipino American National Historical Society. 2014.
- "Filipino American Heritage Website". Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Program. Smithsonian Institution. 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-04-01. Diakses tanggal 2014-12-24.
- de Castro, Christian; Abarquez-de la Cruz, Prosy (9 October 2012). "The Filipino American Library". Filipino American Heritage Institute.
- "Filipino American Reseources". Lemieux Library. Seattle University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2014-12-24.
- "Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center". Smithsonian Institution.