Hak asasi manusia di Tiongkok

Keberadaan hak asasi manusia yang diakui dan dilindungi di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok ("Tiongkok" atau "RRT") adalah sebuah bahan dari persengketaan antara pemerintahannya dan organisasi-organisasi dan individu-individu di luar pemerintahan tersebut. Otoritas RRT, para pendukungnya, dan lapisan lainnya mengklaim bahwa kebijakan-kebijakan yang ada menentang pelecehan hak asasi manusia. Namun, negara-negara lainnya dan otoritas-otoritas mereka (seperti Departemen Negara Amerika Serikat, Kanada, India, dan lain-lain), organisasi-organisasi non-pemerintah (ONP) internasional, seperti Human Rights in China dan Amnesty International, dan pihak-pihak yang berseberangan dengan negara tersebut menyatakan bahwa otoritas-otoritas di daratan utama Tiongkok telah membiarkan atau melakukan pelecehan hak asasi manusia.

ONP-ONP seperti Amnesty International dan Human Rights Watch, serta institusi-institusi pemerintahan luar negeri seperti Departemen Negara A.S., menyatakan bahwa RRT telah mencederai kebebasan berbicara, pergerakan, dan beragama terhadap para warga sipilnya dan orang-orang lainnya pada yurisdiksinya. Otoritas-otoritas di RRT mengklaim bahwa definisi hak asasi manusia berbeda-beda, seperti yang meliputi hak asasi ekonomi dan sosial serta politik, semuanya berada dalam hubungan terhadap "budaya nasional" dan tingkat perkembangan dari negara tersebut. Otoritas-otoritas di RRT, yang merujuk kepada definisi ini, mengklaim bahwa hak asasi manusia telah diimprovisasikan. Namun, mereka tidak menggunakan definisi yang digunakan oleh kebanyakan negara dan organisasi. Menurut Konstitusi RRT, para politikus RRT menyatakan bahwa "Empat Prinsip Kardinal" memberikan hak-hak kewarganegaraan. Para pejabat RRT menginterpretasikan kebijakan Empat Prinsip Kardinal sebagai basis hukum untuk penangkapan orang yang pemerintah pandang akan meruntuhkan prinsip-prinsip tersebut.

Sejumlah kelompok hak asasi manusia menerbitkan masalah hak asasi manusia di Tiongkok yang mereka anggap gagal ditangani oleh pemerintahan tersebut, yang meliputi: hukuman mati, kebijakan satu anak, status hukum dan politik Tibet, dan pembatasan kebebasan pers di daratan utama Tiongkok.

Lihat pula

• Hak asasi manusia di Hong Kong
• Hak asasi manusia di Makau
• Hak asasi manusia di Tibet
• Hak asasi manusia di Taiwan
• Protes Lapangan Tiananmen 1989
• Migrasi ekologi

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