Hamama
Hamama (bahasa Arab: حمامة; juga dikenal pada masa Bizantium sebagai Peleia) adalah sebuah kota Palestina berpenduduk 5.000 jiwa yang dikosongkan pada Perang Arab-Israel 1948.[3][4] Kota tersebut berjarak 24 kilometer dari utara Gaza, antara Ashkelon dan Ashdod.
Hamama
حمامة Hamameh[1] | |
|---|---|
 Masyarakat Hamama dengan gubernur Aref al Aref dan Julian Asquith, pada 1943 | |
| Etimologi: "merpati"[2] | |
  Hamama | |
| Koordinat: 31°41′29″N 34°35′24″E / 31.69139°N 34.59000°E | |
| Grid Palestina | 111/122 |
| Entitas geopolitik | Mandat Palestina |
| Subdistrik | Gaza |
| Tanggal pengosongan | 4 November 1948[5] |
| Luas | |
| • Total | 41,366 dunams (41,4 km2 or 160 sq mi) |
| Populasi (1945) | |
| • Total | 5,070[3][4] |
| Sebab pengosongan | Serangan militer oleh pasukan Yishuv |
| Wilayah saat ini | Nitzanim,[6] Beit Ezra,[6] Eshkolot[6] |
Referensi
sunting- ^ Conder and Kitchener, SWP II, 1882, p. 418
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 267
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 31 Diarsipkan 2016-10-05 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 45 Diarsipkan 2015-09-24 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xix Diarsipkan 2019-04-02 di Wayback Machine., village #286. Also gives the cause of depopulation.
- ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 100
Daftar pustaka
sunting- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Dauphin, Claudine (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (dalam bahasa French). III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-09. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-25.
- Elhassani, Abdelkarim (2012). From Hamama to Montreal. Xlibris Corporation.
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-02. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-25.
- Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (dalam bahasa French). 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-08. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-25.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-17. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-25.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3,4): 155–173; 244–253. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-12-22. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-25.
- Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-20. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-25.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Morris, B. (1987). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem 1947-1949. Cambridge University Press.
- Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- MPF: Ipsirli and al-Tamimi (1982): The Muslim Pious Foundations and Real Estates in Palestine. Gazza, Al-Quds al-Sharif, Nablus and Ajlun Districts according to 16th-Century Ottoman Tahrir Registers, Organisation of Islamic Conference, Istanbul 1402/1982. Cited in Petersen (2001).
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Petersen, Andrew (2001). A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology). 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-727011-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-03-27. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-25.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
Pranala luar
sunting- Hamama's official site
- Welcome To Hamama Diarsipkan 2023-03-24 di Wayback Machine., at Palestine Remembered.
- Hamama Diarsipkan 2021-08-09 di Wayback Machine., Zochrot
- Hamama Diarsipkan 2020-09-23 di Wayback Machine., palestine-family.net
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 16: IAA, Wikimedia commons Diarsipkan 2019-04-02 di Wayback Machine.
- Hamama Diarsipkan 2008-12-05 di Wayback Machine. from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
