Hizbul Mujahideen
gerakan Islam bercabang dari Sunni
Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (bahasa Arab: حزب المجاھدین, Ḥizb al-Mujāhidīn, artinya "Partai Prajurit Suci" atau "Partai mujahideen", disingkat HuM atau HM) adalah sebuah kelompok militan separatis yang aktif di wilayah Jammu dan Kashmir yang berniat mengintegrasikan wilayah tersebut dengan Pakistan. Kelompok tersebut telah mengklaim pertanggungjawaban atas serangkaian serangan teror di India.[4][5][6][7] Kelompok tersebut dicap sebagai kelompok teroris oleh Uni Eropa,[8] India,[9] dan Amerika Serikat.[10] Kelompok tersebut masih menjadi organisasi sah di Pakistan.[11] Kelompok tersebut memiliki ideologi Islam sayap kanan.[12]
| Hizb-ul-Mujahideen | |
|---|---|
| حزب المجاھدین | |
| Berkas:Hizbul Mujahideen logo.png | |
| Pemimpin | Muhammad Ahsan Dar (pendiri) Sayeed Salahudeen (panglima tertinggi)[1] Saifullah Mir alias Ghazi Haider (kepala panglima operasional di lembah Kashmir)[2] |
| Mematuhi | Pakistan |
| Motif | Penggabungan J&K dengan Pakistan[3] |
| Markas | Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir |
| Status | Aktif |
| Pertempuran dan perang | Kashmir conflict |
| Dicap sebagai organisasi teror oleh | India, Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat |
Referensi
sunting- ^ Desk, The Hindu Net (2017-06-27). "Who is Syed Salahuddin, and why is he designated as a 'global terrorist'?". The Hindu (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0971-751X. Diakses tanggal 2020-05-27.
- ^ "Saifullah Mir aka Ghazi Haider, 26, is Hizbul's new face of terror in Kashmir". Hindustan Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2020-05-10. Diakses tanggal 2020-05-27.
- ^ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2002-05-17). Pakistan: Nationalism Without A Nation. Zed Books. hlm. 180. ISBN 9781842771174.
- ^ "Hizbul Mujahideen takes responsibility for attack on CRPF camp". NDTV.com. Diakses tanggal 2020-06-10.
- ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Country Reports on Terrorism 2017 - Foreign Terrorist Organizations: Hizbul Mujahideen". Refworld (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-06-10.
- ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 1998 - India". Refworld (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-06-12.
- ^ Joshi, Manoj (1999-01-01). The Lost Rebellion (dalam bahasa Inggris). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-027846-0.
- ^ "Council Decision (CFSP) 2015/2430 of 21 December 2015". Official Journal of the European Union. 22 December 2015. Diakses tanggal 2017-05-15.
- ^ "Banned Organisations". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013-01-29. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-29.
- ^
"US adds 4 Indian outfits to terror list". Rediff News. 30 April 2004. Diakses tanggal 13 May 2015.; See also
- "Appendix A: Chronology of Significant Terrorist Incidents, 2002", Patterns of Global Terrorism, US Department of State, 30 April 2003
- "Appendix C: Background Information on Other Terrorist Groups", Patterns of Gloabal Terrorism, US Department of State, 30 April 2003
- "Appendix C – Background Information on Other Terrorist Groups", Patterns of Global Terrorism, 29 April 2004
- Appendix C: Background Information on Other Terrorist Groups (PDF), US Department of State
- ^ Kiessling (2016), hlm. 183.
- ^ "The Hizbul Mujahideen | IPCS". www.ipcs.org. Diakses tanggal 2020-09-04.
Daftar pustaka
sunting- Bhatnagar, Gaurav (2009), "The Islamicization of Politics: Motivations for Violence in Kashmir" (PDF), The Journal of Politics and Society, 20 (1): 13–14
- Bose, Sumantra (2003). Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01173-1 – via archive.org.
- Fair, C. Christine (2013). "Insights from a Database of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Hizb-ul-Mujahideen Militants". Journal of Strategic Studies. 37 (2): 259–290. doi:10.1080/01402390.2013.811647. ISSN 0140-2390.
- Farman Ali, Rao (2017), History of Armed Struggles in Kashmir, Srinagar: JayKay Books, ISBN 9789383908646
- Garner, George (2013). "Chechnya and Kashmir: The Jihadist Evolution of Nationalism to Jihad and Beyond". Terrorism and Political Violence. 25 (3): 419–434. doi:10.1080/09546553.2012.664202. ISSN 0954-6553.
- Jamal, Arif (2009), Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir, Melville House, ISBN 978-1-933633-59-6
- Kiessling, Hein (2016), Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan, Hurst, ISBN 978-1-84904-863-7
- K., Santhanam (2003). Jihadis in Jammu and Kashmir: A Portrait Gallery. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. SAGE Publications. hlm. 128. ISBN 978-0-674-01173-1.
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016), Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations, Routledge, hlm. 177, ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9
- Staniland, Paul (2014), Networks of Rebellion: Explaining Insurgent Cohesion and Collapse, Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-7102-5
- Swami, Praveen (2007), India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The covert war in Kashmir, 1947-2004, Asian Security Studies, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-40459-4
Pranala luar
sunting- Top Hizbul Commander Riyaz Naikoo killed In An Encounter Diarsipkan 2020-05-08 di Wayback Machine.
- The birth of the Hizbul Mujahideen rediff.com
- Profile: Hizbul Mujahideen GlobalSecurity.org
- Official Journal of the European Union: Terrorism list
- Congressional Report: The New Islamist International(from FAS site) Bill McCollum, United States House of Representatives, Republican Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, 1 February 1993
- BBC Reports:Militants arrested in Bombay
- ABC Live Reports: Hizbul Mujahideen claimed Blast Left 1 Killed And 22 injured In Jammu Kashmir
- ISI using c