Huang–Lao
Huang–Lao atau Huanglao (Hanzi sederhana: 黄老; Hanzi tradisional: 黃老; Pinyin: Huáng-Lǎo; Wade–Giles: Huang-Lao; harfiah: '[Kaisar] Kuning [Master] Tua') adalah aliran pemikiran Tiongkok yang paling berpengaruh pada Dinasti Han awal abad ke-2 SM, bermula dari dorongan politik-filosofis yang lebih luas utuk mencari solusi memperkuat tatanan feodal seperti yang digambarkan dalam propaganda Zhou.[1] Tidak dijelaskan secara sistematis oleh sejarawan Sima Qian, Huang-Lao umumnya ditafsirkan sebagai sebuah aliran sinkretisme, berkembang menjadi sebuah agama besar[2][3] - pangkal dari Taoisme keagamaan.
Menekankan pencarian keabadian, Feng Youlan dan Herrlee G. Creel menganggap Taoisme keagamaan tersebut berbeda dari, jika tidak bertentangan, dengan versi Taoisme Zhuangzi yang lebih filosofis. Mungkin sama-sama berasal dari sekitar tahun 300 SM, Huang-Lao yang lebih dominan secara politik menyatakan keduanya untuk sebagian besar Han.[4] Sangat disukai oleh para penguasa yang percaya takhayul, Huang-Lao mendominasi kehidupan intelektual Qin dan Han awal bersama dengan "Legalisme Tiongkok", dan istilah Taoisme (dao-jia) mungkin diciptakan dengan mempertimbangkan isi Huang-Lao dan Zhuangzi.[5]
Referensi
sunting- ^ http://www.indiana.edu/~g380/4.8-Huang-Lao-2010.pdf
- ^ http://www.indiana.edu/~g380/4.8-Huang-Lao-2010.pdf
- ^ Hansen, Chad, "Daoism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2014/entries/daoism/
- ^ Creel, What Is Taoism? (1979), 11
- ^ Hansen, Chad, "Daoism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2014/entries/daoism/
- Allen, Herbert J. (1906), Early Chinese history: Are the Chinese classics forged?, Society for promoting Christian knowledge.
- Carrozza, Paola. (2002), "A Critical Review of the Principal Studies on the Four Manuscripts Preceding the B Version of the Mawangdui Laozi," B.C. Asian Review 13:49-69.
- Chang, Leo S. and Yu Feng (1998), The Four Political Treatises of the Yellow Emperor, University of Hawaii Press.
- Fu Zhengyuan (1993), Autocratic tradition and Chinese politics, Cambridge University Press.
- Jan Yun-hua (1980), "Tao Yuan or Tao: The Origin," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 7:195-204.
- Loewe, Michael (1994), "Huang Lao Thought and the Huainanzi", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (Third Series), 4:377-395.
- Loewe, Michael (1999), "The Heritage Left to the Empires," in The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220, edited by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe, Cambridge University Press, 967-1032.
- Major, John S. (1993), Heaven and Earth in Early Han Thought: Chapters Three, Four and Five of the Huainanzi, SUNY Press.
- Peerenboom, Randall P. (1990), "Natural Law in the Huang-Lao Boshu", Philosophy East and West 40.3:309-329.
- Peerenboom, Randall P. (1993), Law and Morality in Ancient China: The Silk Manuscripts of Huang-Lao, SUNY Press.
- Richey, Jeffrey L. (2006), "Lost and Found Theories of Law in Early China," Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 49/3: 329-343.
- Roth, Harold D. (1991), "Psychology and Self-Cultivation in Early Taoistic Thought," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 51/2: 599-650.
- Roth, Harold D. (1997), "Evidence for Stages of Meditation in Early Taoism," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 60/2: 295-314.
- Roth, Harold D. (2004), Original Tao: Inward Training (Nei-yeh) and the Foundations of Taoist Mysticism, Columbia University Press.
- Ryden, Edmund (1997), The yellow emperor's four canons, a literary study and edition of the text from Mawangdui, Ricci Institute and Kuangchi Press.
- Tang Lan 唐蘭 (1975), "Mawangdui chutu Laozi yiben juanqian guyishu de yanjiu (馬王堆出土《老子》乙本卷前古佚書的研究)," Kaogu xuebao (考古學報) 1:7–38. (Tionghoa)
- Tu Wei-ming (1979), "The 'Thought of Huang-Lao': A Reflection on the Lao tzu and Huang ti Texts in the Silk Manuscripts of Ma-wang-tui," Journal of Asian Studies 39:95-110.
- Van Ess, Hans (1993) The Meaning of Huang-Lao in Shiji and Hanshu Diarsipkan 2013-08-17 di Wayback Machine., Études chinoises XII.2.
- Schwartz, Benjamin J. (1985), The World of Thought in Ancient China, Belknap Press.
- Yates, Robin D.S. (1997), Five Lost Classics: Tao, Huang-lao, and Yin-yang in Han China, Ballantine Books.
- Yates, Robin D.S. (2008), "Huang-Lao 黃老," in The Encyclopedia of Taoism, ed. by Fabrizio Pregadio, 508-510.
- Yu Mingguang 余明光 (1993), Huangdi sijing jinzhu jinyi (黃帝四經今註今譯). Yuelu shushe (岳麓书社). (Tionghoa)
Pranala luar
sunting- Huang-Lao Ideology, R. Eno
- The Huang-Lao Tradition, FYSK Daoist Culture Centre Database
- The Status of Lao-Zhuang Daoism, Chad Hansen
- Daoist Syncretism, The Huang-Lao Tradition[pranala nonaktif permanen], Brian Hoffert
- Huangdi sijing 黃帝四經 "The Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor", Ulrich Theobald