Hukum Fitts

Hukum Fitts adalah model prediksi pergerakan manusia yang terutama digunakan dalam interaksi manusia-komputer dan ergonomi. Hukum ini memprediksi bahwa waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk bergerak cepat ke area target adalah fungsi dari rasio antara jarak ke target dan lebar target.^[1] Hukum Fitts digunakan untuk memodelkan tindakan menunjuk, baik dengan menyentuh objek secara fisik dengan tangan atau jari, atau secara virtual, dengan menunjuk ke objek pada monitor komputer menggunakan perangkat penunjuk. Konsep ini awalnya dikembangkan oleh Paul Fitts.

Hukum Fitts telah terbukti berlaku dalam berbagai kondisi; dengan berbagai anggota badan yang berbeda (tangan, kaki,^[2] bibir bawah,^[3] penglihatan yang dipasang di kepala,^[4] manipulanda (perangkat input),^[5] lingkungan fisik (termasuk bawah air^[6]), dan populasi pengguna (muda, tua,^[7] kebutuhan pendidikan khusus,^[8] dan peserta yang dibius^[9]).

Referensi sunting

^ Fitts, Paul M. (June 1954). "The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement". Journal of Experimental Psychology. 47: 381–391. doi:10.1037/h0055392. PMID 13174710.
^ Hoffmann, Errol R. (1991). "A comparison of hand and foot movement times". Ergonomics. 34 (4): 397–406. doi:10.1080/00140139108967324. PMID 1860460.
^ Jose, Marcelo Archajo; Lopes, Roleli (2015). "Human–computer interface controlled by the lip". IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics. 19 (1): 302–308. doi:10.1109/JBHI.2014.2305103. PMID 25561451.
^ So, R. H. Y.; Griffin, M. J. (2000). "Effects of target movement direction cue on head-tracking performance". Ergonomics. 43 (3): 360–376. doi:10.1080/001401300184468. PMID 10755659.
^ MacKenzie, I. Scott; Sellen, A.; Buxton, W. A. S. (1991). A comparison of input devices in elemental pointing and dragging tasks. Proceedings of the ACM CHI 1991 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. hlm. 161–166. doi:10.1145/108844.108868. ISBN 978-0897913836.
^ Kerr, R (1973). "Movement time in an underwater environment". Journal of Motor Behavior. 5 (3): 175–178. doi:10.1080/00222895.1973.10734962. PMID 23961747.
^ Brogmus, G (1991). "Effects of age and sex on speed and accuracy of hand movements: And the refinements they suggest for Fitts's law". Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting. 35 (3): 208–212. doi:10.1177/154193129103500311.
^ Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M.; Wilson, P. H.; Westenberg, Y.; Duysens, J. (2003). "Fine motor deficiencies in children with developmental coordination disorder and learning disabilities: An underlying open-loop control deficit". Human Movement Science. 22 (4–5): 495–513. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2003.09.006. PMID 14624830.
^ Kvålseth, T. O. (1977). "Effects of marijuana on human reaction time and motor control". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 45 (3): 935–939. doi:10.2466/pms.1977.45.3.935. PMID 600655.

Bibliografi sunting

Pranala luar sunting

Visualisasi Interaktif Hukum Fitts dengan JavaScript dan D3 oleh Simon Wallner
Fitts' Law at CS Dept. NSF-Supported Education Infrastructure Project
Fitts’ Law: Modeling Movement Time in HCI
Bibliography of Fitts’ Law Research compiled by I. Scott MacKenzie
Fitts' Law Software – Free Download by I. Scott MacKenzie

Artikel bertopik psikologi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[Fitts1954-1] Fitts, Paul M. (June 1954). "The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement". Journal of Experimental Psychology. 47: 381–391. doi:10.1037/h0055392. PMID 13174710.

[2] Hoffmann, Errol R. (1991). "A comparison of hand and foot movement times". Ergonomics. 34 (4): 397–406. doi:10.1080/00140139108967324. PMID 1860460.

[3] Jose, Marcelo Archajo; Lopes, Roleli (2015). "Human–computer interface controlled by the lip". IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics. 19 (1): 302–308. doi:10.1109/JBHI.2014.2305103. PMID 25561451.

[4] So, R. H. Y.; Griffin, M. J. (2000). "Effects of target movement direction cue on head-tracking performance". Ergonomics. 43 (3): 360–376. doi:10.1080/001401300184468. PMID 10755659.

[5] MacKenzie, I. Scott; Sellen, A.; Buxton, W. A. S. (1991). A comparison of input devices in elemental pointing and dragging tasks. Proceedings of the ACM CHI 1991 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. hlm. 161–166. doi:10.1145/108844.108868. ISBN 978-0897913836.

[Kerr1973-6] Kerr, R (1973). "Movement time in an underwater environment". Journal of Motor Behavior. 5 (3): 175–178. doi:10.1080/00222895.1973.10734962. PMID 23961747.

[Brogmus1991-7] Brogmus, G (1991). "Effects of age and sex on speed and accuracy of hand movements: And the refinements they suggest for Fitts's law". Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting. 35 (3): 208–212. doi:10.1177/154193129103500311.

[Smits2003-8] Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M.; Wilson, P. H.; Westenberg, Y.; Duysens, J. (2003). "Fine motor deficiencies in children with developmental coordination disorder and learning disabilities: An underlying open-loop control deficit". Human Movement Science. 22 (4–5): 495–513. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2003.09.006. PMID 14624830.

[Kvalseth1977-9] Kvålseth, T. O. (1977). "Effects of marijuana on human reaction time and motor control". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 45 (3): 935–939. doi:10.2466/pms.1977.45.3.935. PMID 600655.

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