Daftar situs peluncuran di Cape Canaveral dan Pulau Merritt
Cape Canaveral dan Pulau Merritt di pantai Atlantik Florida merupakan salah satu bandar peluncuran militer dan sipil di Amerika Serikat.
Pusat Antariksa Kennedy
Pusat Antariksa Kennedy, dioperasikan oleh NASA, memiliki dua kompleks peluncuran di Pulau Merritt dengan dua landasan aktif, satu landasan sedang disewa, dan satu landasan nonaktif. Sejak tahun 1968–1975, tempat ini menjadi situs peluncuran bagi 13 peluncuran roket Saturn V, tiga misi berawak Skylab, dan misi Apollo-Soyuz. Semua misi Pesawat ulang-alik meluncur dari sini sejak 1981–2011, dan peluncuran sebuah roket Ares 1-X pada tahun 2009. Sejak tahun 2017, SpaceX menggunakan Kompleks Peluncuran 39A untuk mendukung peluncuran roket-roket mereka.
| Situs | Status | Penggunaan |
|---|---|---|
| Kompleks Peluncuran 39A | Aktif Dimiliki oleh NASA, disewakan ke SpaceX |
Sekarang: Falcon Heavy, Falcon 9 Block 5 Sebelumnya: Saturn V, Pesawat Ulang-Alik Masa Depan: Starship |
| Kompleks Peluncuran 39B | Aktif[1] Dimiliki oleh NASA |
Sebelumnya: Saturn V, Saturn IB (Skylab dan Apollo-Soyuz), Pesawat Ulang-Alik Masa Depan: Space Launch System |
| Kompleks Peluncuran 39C | Nonaktif Dimiliki oleh NASA |
|
| Kompleks Peluncuran 48 | Dalam pembangunan Dimiliki oleh NASA |
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), operated by the 45th Space Wing of the U.S. Air Force, was the site of all U.S. crewed launches before Apollo 8, as well as many other early Department of Defense (DoD) and NASA launches. For the DoD, it plays a secondary role to Vandenberg AFB in California, but is the launch site for many NASA uncrewed space probes, as those spacecraft are typically launched on Air Force launchers. Much of the support activity for CCAFS occurs at Patrick Air Force Base to the south, its reporting base.
Active launch vehicles are in bold.
Active sites
| Site | Status | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Launch Complex 13 (Landing Zone 1 and 2) |
Active - Leased to SpaceX | Current: Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy first stage landing site[2] Prior: Atlas, Atlas Agena |
| Space Launch Complex 37B | Active - Used by United Launch Alliance | Current: Delta IV Heavy Prior: Saturn I, Saturn IB, Delta IV Medium |
| Space Launch Complex 40 | Active - Leased to SpaceX | Current: Falcon 9 Block 5 Prior: Titan III, Titan IV, Falcon 9 v1.0, Falcon 9 1.1 |
| Space Launch Complex 41 | Active - Used by United Launch Alliance | Current: Atlas V Prior: Titan III, Titan IV Future: Vulcan |
| Launch Complex 47 | Active (has been unused for some time) | Current: Rocketsonde Sounding Rocket and Super Loki |
Inactive sites
Spaceport Florida
Hingga 2008[update], the U.S. Air Force committed to lease Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 36 to Space Florida for future use by the Athena III launch system.[4] It is not known if the plan was subsequently implemented.[dated info] Blue Origin leased Complex 36 in 2015, with plans to launch its reusable orbital vehicle from there by 2020.[5]
| Site | Status | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Space Launch Complex 36A | Undergoing renovation - Leased to Blue Origin[5] | Previous: Atlas/Centaur, [4])Atlas II[butuh rujukan] Future: New Glenn[5] |
| Space Launch Complex 36B | Undergoing renovation - Leased to Blue Origin[5] | Previous: Atlas, Atlas II, Atlas III Future: New Glenn[5] |
| Space Launch Complex 46 | Active (has been unused for some time)[6][7] | Previous: Athena, Trident II,[8] Future: Minotaur IV,[9] |
Other
| Site | Status | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Atlantic Missile Range drop zone | Inactive | High Virgo, Bold Orion, Hound Dog, Skybolt |
| Grand Turk Auxiliary AFB, Grand Turk Island drop zone | Inactive | Arcas (All-Purpose Rocket for Collecting Atmospheric Soundings) |
| Mobile Launch Area | Inactive | Lark, Matador, Snark[10] |
| Eastern SLBM Launch Area | Active | Polaris, Poseidon, Trident |
| Shuttle Landing Facility | Active | Pegasus, X-37B |
| Cape Canaveral AFS Skid Strip | Active | Navaho, Pegasus, Pegasus XL |
| Patrick AFB | Inactive | Matador |
Lihat pula
Referensi
- ^ Bergeron, Julia (13 Juli 2018). "The most recent version of the CCAFS map (Nov 2017) has made it into our history center for reference. It exciting to see the Commercial Partner landmarks mixed in with space history.pic.twitter.com/ChVhnEl1AY". Twitter (dalam bahasa Inggris).
- ^ Gruss, Mike. "SpaceX Leases Florida Launch Pad for Falcon Landings". Spacenews. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2015.
- ^ "Launch Complex 29". Air Force Space and Missile Museum. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 April 2012. Diakses tanggal 2011-12-15.
- ^ a b Craig Covault (27 October 2008). "Boeing Joins Commercial Athena III Program". Diakses tanggal 2010-12-23.
- ^ a b c d e "Coming to the Space Coast". Blue Origin. 2015-09-15. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 2016-06-28.
- ^ Messier, Doug (11 February 2014). "ATK to Upgrade Space Florida's Launch Complex 46". Parabolic Arc. Diakses tanggal 24 December 2014.
- ^ Wall, Mike (August 26, 2017). "Converted Missile Launches Military Satellite to Track Spacecraft and Debris". Space.com. Diakses tanggal August 27, 2017.
- ^ "Complex 46". robsv.com. Diakses tanggal 7 May 2016.
- ^ "U.S. Air Force's ORS-5 Satellite To Launch on Minotaur 4".
- ^ "HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD, CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, LAUNCH COMPLEX 34 OPERATIONS SUPPORT BUILDING" (PDF). National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 27 December 2016. Diakses tanggal 28 September 2016.