Kristen Baru
Kristen Baru (bahasa Spanyol: Cristiano Nuevo; bahasa Portugis: Cristão-Novo; bahasa Katalan: Cristià Nou) adalah sebuah sebutan sosio-relijius dan hukum di Kekaisaran Spanyol dan Kekaisaran Portugis. Istilah tersebut dipakai sejak abad ke-15 untuk menyebut para keturunan Yahudi Sefardi dan Moor yang dibaptis dalam Gereja Katolik melalui Dekrit Alhambra. Dekrit Alhambra 1492, yang juga dikenal sebagai Edik Pengusiran, adalah hukum amti-Yahdui buatan para penguasa monarki Katolik usai Reconquista di Semenanjung Iberia. Dekrit tersebut mewajibkan Yahudi untuk masuk Katolik atau diusir dari Spanyol. Kebanyakan sejarah "Kristen Baru" merujuk kepada mualaf Yahudi, yang umum dikenal sebagai Converso (atau Marrano) sementara mualaf Muslim dikenal sebagai Morisco.
Bacaan tambahan
sunting- António José Saraiva (2001). The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536-1765. Netherlands: BRILL.
- J. Lúcio de Azevedo (1989). História dos Cristãos Novos Portugueses. Lisboa: Clássica Editora.
- Böhm, Günter. "Crypto-Jews and New Christians in Colonial Peru and Chile." In The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800, edited by Paolo Bernardini and Norman Fiering, 203–212. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001.
- Costigan, Lúcia Helena. Through Cracks in the Wall: Modern Inquisitions and New Christian Letrados in the Iberian Atlantic World. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
- David M. Gitlitz (1996). Secrecy and deceit: the religion of the crypto-Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 0-8276-0562-5.
- Novinsky, Anita. "A Historical Bias: The New Christian Collaboration with the Dutch Invaders of Brazil (17th Century)." In Proceedings of the 5th World Congress of Jewish Studies, II.141-154. Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies, 1972.
- Novinsky, Anita. "Some Theoretical Considerations about the New Christian Problem," in The Sepharadi and Oriental Jewish Heritage Studies, ed. Issachar Ben-Ami. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1982
- Jorun Poettering (2019). Migrating Merchants. Trade, Nation, and Religion in Seventeenth-Century Hamburg and Portugal. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg.
- Pulido Serrano, Juan Ignacio. "Plural Identities: The Portuguese New Christians." Jewish History 25 (2011): 129–151.
- Quiroz, Alfonso W. "The Expropriation of Portuguese New Christians in Spanish America, 1635-1649." Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv 11 (1985): 407–465.
- Rivkin, Ellis. "How Jewish Were the New Christians?," in Hispania Judaica: Studies on the History, Language, and Literature of the Jews in the Hispanic World, vol. 1: History, eds. Josep M. Solà-Solé, Samuel G. Armistead, and Joseph H. Silverman. Barcelona: Puvil-Editor, 1980.
- Rowland, Robert. "New Christian, Marrano, Jew." In The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800, edited by Paolo Bernardini and Norman Fiering, 125–148. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001.
- Salomon, H.P. Portrait of a New Christian: Fernão Álvares Melo (1569-1632). Paris: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1982
- Uchmany, Eva Alexandra. "The Participation of New Christians and Crypto-Jews in the Conquest, Colonization, and Trade of Spanish America, 1521-1660." In The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800, edited by Paolo Bernardini and Norman Fiering, 186–202. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001.
Pranala luar
sunting- Christians and Old Christians in Portugal[pranala nonaktif permanen], written by António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches, in 1748, in Portuguese[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- A history of the Marranos, by Cecil Roth
- Dramatic episodes of the Portuguese Inquisition, volume 1, by Antonio Baião, in Portuguese
- Dramatic episodes of the Portuguese Inquisition, volume 2, by Antonio Baião, in Portuguese
- Trial of Gabriel de Granada by the Inquisition in Mexico, 1642-1645, according to Cecil Roth, 'it gives a remarkably graphic impression of a typical Inquisitional case'
- A history of the Marranos, by Cecil Roth Diarsipkan 2021-12-25 di Wayback Machine.