Liga rugbi

Liga rugbi
	Seorang penyerang berusaha melewati dua pemain bertahan
Induk organisasi	Federasi Internasional Liga Rugbi
Nama lain	League, Football, Footy, The Greatest Game of All
Pertama dimainkan	7 September 1895, pasca-schism, England
Pemain terdaftar	2.360.000
Jumlah tim	98.330
Karakteristik
Kontak fisik	Kontak penuh
Anggota tim	Tiga belas
Gender campuran	Singel
Kategori	Olahraga tim, permainan luar ruangan
Peralatan	Bola liga rugbi
Tempat bertanding	Lapangan permainan liga rugbi

Sepak bola liga rugbi,^[3] biasa disebut liga rugbi,^[4] atau mudahnya liga (league), adalah sebuah olahraga kontak penuh yang dimainkan dua tim masing-masing 13 orang yang dimainkan di lapangan persegi panjang.^[5] Satu dari dua kode dalam sepak bola rugbi, olahraga ini berasal dari Inggris pada 1895 sebagai pemecahan dan Uni Sepak Bola Rugbi karena isu pembayaran pemain.^[6] Aturan secara bertahap berubah dengan tujuan menghasilkan permainan yang lebih cepat^[7]^[8] dan lebih menghibur bagi penonton.^[9] Olahraga ini sering disebut sebagai olahraga yang paling sulit dan paling menuntut fisik tim dari Australia dan Inggris.^[10]

Referensi sunting

^ Fagan, Sean (2005-01-16). "George Lovejoy". rl1908.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 1 January 2011. [George Lovejoy] coined the expression 'Rugby League – The Greatest Game of All'
^ Grasso, Robert (2008-07-28). "Simply a mess: rugby league now the game forgotten by all". SBS World News. Australia: SBS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2010.
^
Collins, Tony (1998). Rugby's great split: class, culture, and the origins of Rugby League football. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4867-5.
- Bellew, T. J. (1984). Laws of the game of rugby league football. Australian Rugby Football League. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
- A. N., Gaulton (1968). Encyclopaedia of Rugby League Football. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 978-0-7091-0377-6.
- Macklin, Keith (1974). The History of Rugby League Football. London: Stanley Paul. ISBN 978-0-09-120780-9.
- John Nauright & Charles Parish (2010). Sports around the World. USA: ABC-CLIO, LLC.
- Paul Downward and Ian Jackson (2004). Common Origins, Common Future? A Comparative Analysis of Association Football and Rugby League Football in the UK. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-98032-0.
- Moorhouse, Geoffrey (1996). A People's Game: The Centenary History of Rugby League Football, 1895–1995. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
- Rugby Football League (1957). Rugby league football: the official illustrated handbook of the Rugby Football League. Great Britain: Educational Productions Ltd. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
^ RLEF. "What is Rugby League?". Rugby League European Federation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-07-20. Diakses tanggal 28 July 2009.
^ Dept. Recreation and Sport. "Dimensions for Rugby League". Government of Western Australia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 28 July 2009.
^ Tony Collins, Rugby League in Twentieth Century Britain (2006), p.3
^ Scianitti, Matthew (18 June 2011). "The world awaits for Canada's rugby team". National Post. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2012.
^ newzealandnow.govt.nz. "Sports". Life in New Zealand. New Zealand Government. Diakses tanggal 16 June 2012.
^ Middleton, David (March 2008). League of Legends: 100 Years of Rugby League in Australia (PDF). National Museum of Australia. hlm. 27. ISBN 978-1-876944-64-3. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-16. When rugby league cast itself free of an arrogant rugby union 100 years ago, it did so with a sense of re-invention. It was not just about creating better conditions for the players but about striving to produce a better game; a less complicated brand that would appeal to the masses.
^
Bailey, Mark (5 Februari 2014). "Rugby league: seven fitness tips from the world's toughest sport". The Telegraph. Diakses tanggal 21 Februari 2014.
- Meares, Peter (2003). Legends of Australian sport: The Inside Story. Australia: University of Queensland Press. hlm. 132. ISBN 978-0-7022-3410-1.
- Olson, Lisa (1997-09-28). "The down under thunder before Dodgers Rupe shook up Aussie sport". New York Daily News. USA: NYDailyNews.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.
- Heads, Ian (2013). At the George: And Other Essays on Rugby League. UK: Faber & Faber. hlm. Preface.
- Whitley, David (16 November 1999). "The Toughest Sport On Earth". Orlando Sentinel. USA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-11. Diakses tanggal 8 August 2011.
- Mott, Sue (2004-02-28). "Pied piper puts heart and soul into hardest game of all". London UK: The Daily Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.
- "Raging Bull: The Gorden Tallis Story". qbd.com.au. QBD. Diakses tanggal 31 December 2013.
- Ledger, John (2009-08-25). "Tigers offer would persuade Chambers to end Olympic interest". UK: Yorkshire Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.
- Morgan, Martin (2010-08-20). "Thomo helps Jamaica". Times & Star. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.
- Ledger, John (2006-02-08). "Langley ready for tough defence". UK: Yorkshire Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 31 December 2010.
- Massoud, Josh (2009-04-24). "Gallen pushes himself to limit in the boxing ring". Australia: The Daily Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009.
- Rae, Richard (2003-10-12). "Tongan muscle powers the Bulls". London: The Sunday Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009.
- "My Life in Rugby League: Joe Vagana – Bradford Bulls". League Express. League Publications Ltd. 2008-04-07. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009. ^{[pranala nonaktif]}
- HarperCollins (2008). "About the Book: From the Sheds by Matthew Johns". HarperCollins. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009.

Pranala luar sunting

Artikel bertopik olahraga ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[Fagan2005-01-16george-lovejoy-1] Fagan, Sean (2005-01-16). "George Lovejoy". rl1908.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 1 January 2011. [George Lovejoy] coined the expression 'Rugby League – The Greatest Game of All'

[Grasso2008-07-28-2] Grasso, Robert (2008-07-28). "Simply a mess: rugby league now the game forgotten by all". SBS World News. Australia: SBS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2010.

[3] Collins, Tony (1998). Rugby's great split: class, culture, and the origins of Rugby League football. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4867-5.
Bellew, T. J. (1984). Laws of the game of rugby league football. Australian Rugby Football League. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

A. N., Gaulton (1968). Encyclopaedia of Rugby League Football. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 978-0-7091-0377-6.

Macklin, Keith (1974). The History of Rugby League Football. London: Stanley Paul. ISBN 978-0-09-120780-9.

John Nauright & Charles Parish (2010). Sports around the World. USA: ABC-CLIO, LLC.

Paul Downward and Ian Jackson (2004). Common Origins, Common Future? A Comparative Analysis of Association Football and Rugby League Football in the UK. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-98032-0.

Moorhouse, Geoffrey (1996). A People's Game: The Centenary History of Rugby League Football, 1895–1995. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

Rugby Football League (1957). Rugby league football: the official illustrated handbook of the Rugby Football League. Great Britain: Educational Productions Ltd. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

[4] Bellew, T. J. (1984). Laws of the game of rugby league football. Australian Rugby Football League. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

[5] A. N., Gaulton (1968). Encyclopaedia of Rugby League Football. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 978-0-7091-0377-6.

[6] Macklin, Keith (1974). The History of Rugby League Football. London: Stanley Paul. ISBN 978-0-09-120780-9.

[7] John Nauright & Charles Parish (2010). Sports around the World. USA: ABC-CLIO, LLC.

[8] Paul Downward and Ian Jackson (2004). Common Origins, Common Future? A Comparative Analysis of Association Football and Rugby League Football in the UK. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-98032-0.

[9] Moorhouse, Geoffrey (1996). A People's Game: The Centenary History of Rugby League Football, 1895–1995. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

[10] Rugby Football League (1957). Rugby league football: the official illustrated handbook of the Rugby Football League. Great Britain: Educational Productions Ltd. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

[RLEF-whatisRL-4] RLEF. "What is Rugby League?". Rugby League European Federation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-07-20. Diakses tanggal 28 July 2009.

[WADeptRS-dimensions-5] Dept. Recreation and Sport. "Dimensions for Rugby League". Government of Western Australia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 28 July 2009.

[Tony_Collins_2006_p.3-6] Tony Collins, Rugby League in Twentieth Century Britain (2006), p.3

[7] Scianitti, Matthew (18 June 2011). "The world awaits for Canada's rugby team". National Post. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2012.

[8] wzealandnow.govt.nz. "Sports". Life in New Zealand. New Zealand Government. Diakses tanggal 16 June 2012.

[WIP-9] Middleton, David (March 2008). League of Legends: 100 Years of Rugby League in Australia (PDF). National Museum of Australia. hlm. 27. ISBN 978-1-876944-64-3. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-16. When rugby league cast itself free of an arrogant rugby union 100 years ago, it did so with a sense of re-invention. It was not just about creating better conditions for the players but about striving to produce a better game; a less complicated brand that would appeal to the masses.

[10] Bailey, Mark (5 Februari 2014). "Rugby league: seven fitness tips from the world's toughest sport". The Telegraph. Diakses tanggal 21 Februari 2014.
Meares, Peter (2003). Legends of Australian sport: The Inside Story. Australia: University of Queensland Press. hlm. 132. ISBN 978-0-7022-3410-1.

Olson, Lisa (1997-09-28). "The down under thunder before Dodgers Rupe shook up Aussie sport". New York Daily News. USA: NYDailyNews.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.

Heads, Ian (2013). At the George: And Other Essays on Rugby League. UK: Faber & Faber. hlm. Preface.

Whitley, David (16 November 1999). "The Toughest Sport On Earth". Orlando Sentinel. USA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-11. Diakses tanggal 8 August 2011.

Mott, Sue (2004-02-28). "Pied piper puts heart and soul into hardest game of all". London UK: The Daily Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.

"Raging Bull: The Gorden Tallis Story". qbd.com.au. QBD. Diakses tanggal 31 December 2013.

Ledger, John (2009-08-25). "Tigers offer would persuade Chambers to end Olympic interest". UK: Yorkshire Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.

Morgan, Martin (2010-08-20). "Thomo helps Jamaica". Times & Star. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.

Ledger, John (2006-02-08). "Langley ready for tough defence". UK: Yorkshire Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 31 December 2010.

Massoud, Josh (2009-04-24). "Gallen pushes himself to limit in the boxing ring". Australia: The Daily Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009.

Rae, Richard (2003-10-12). "Tongan muscle powers the Bulls". London: The Sunday Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009.

"My Life in Rugby League: Joe Vagana – Bradford Bulls". League Express. League Publications Ltd. 2008-04-07. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009. ^{[pranala nonaktif]}

HarperCollins (2008). "About the Book: From the Sheds by Matthew Johns". HarperCollins. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009.

[18] Meares, Peter (2003). Legends of Australian sport: The Inside Story. Australia: University of Queensland Press. hlm. 132. ISBN 978-0-7022-3410-1.

[19] Olson, Lisa (1997-09-28). "The down under thunder before Dodgers Rupe shook up Aussie sport". New York Daily News. USA: NYDailyNews.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.

[20] Heads, Ian (2013). At the George: And Other Essays on Rugby League. UK: Faber & Faber. hlm. Preface.

[21] Whitley, David (16 November 1999). "The Toughest Sport On Earth". Orlando Sentinel. USA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-11. Diakses tanggal 8 August 2011.

[22] Mott, Sue (2004-02-28). "Pied piper puts heart and soul into hardest game of all". London UK: The Daily Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.

[23] "Raging Bull: The Gorden Tallis Story". qbd.com.au. QBD. Diakses tanggal 31 December 2013.

[24] Ledger, John (2009-08-25). "Tigers offer would persuade Chambers to end Olympic interest". UK: Yorkshire Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.

[25] Morgan, Martin (2010-08-20). "Thomo helps Jamaica". Times & Star. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2010.

[26] Ledger, John (2006-02-08). "Langley ready for tough defence". UK: Yorkshire Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 31 December 2010.

[27] Massoud, Josh (2009-04-24). "Gallen pushes himself to limit in the boxing ring". Australia: The Daily Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009.

[28] Rae, Richard (2003-10-12). "Tongan muscle powers the Bulls". London: The Sunday Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009.

[29] "My Life in Rugby League: Joe Vagana – Bradford Bulls". League Express. League Publications Ltd. 2008-04-07. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009. ^{[pranala nonaktif]}

[30] HarperCollins (2008). "About the Book: From the Sheds by Matthew Johns". HarperCollins. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-01. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2009.

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