Nitrogen padat

Nitrogen padat adalah bentuk padat dari unsur nitrogen. Ini adalah komponen penting permukaan Pluto^[1] dan bulan Sistem Tata Surya luar seperti Triton Neptunus.^[2] Di bawah tekanan rendah atau sedang solid nitrogen mengandung molekul dinitrogen yang saling berikatan melalui gaya dispersi London.^[3] Bentuk non-molekuler nitrogen padat yang dihasilkan melalui tekanan ekstrem, memiliki densitas energi lebih tinggi daripada bahan non-nuklir lainnya.^[4]

Nitrogen padat pertama kali dibuat pada tahun 1884, diawali dengan mencairkan hidrogen dengan nitrogen cair yang menguap, dan kemudian membiarkan the hidrogen cair membekukan nitrogen.^[5] Karol Olszewski mencapai rekor suhu terendah dengan mengevaporasi uap dari nitrogen padat yamg mencapai suhu 48 K (−225,2 °C).^[6] Nitrogen padat biasanya dibuat di laboratorium dengan menguapkan nitrogen cair dalam vakum. Dihasilkan padatan porus.^[7]

Referensi

^ "Flowing nitrogen ice glaciers seen on surface of Pluto after New Horizons flyby". ABC. 25 July 2015. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2015.
^ McKinnon, William B.; Kirk, Randolph L. (2014). "Triton". Dalam Spohn, Tilman; Breuer, Doris; Johnson, Torrence. Encyclopedia of the Solar System (edisi ke-3rd). Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier. hlm. 861–882. ISBN 978-0-12-416034-7.
^ Yamashita, Yasuyuki; Kato, Manabu; Arakawa, Masahiko (June 2010). "Experimental study on the rheological properties of polycrystalline solid nitrogen and methane: Implications for tectonic processes on Triton". Icarus. 207 (2): 972–977. Bibcode:2010Icar..207..972Y. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.032. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2016.
^ Eremets, M. I.; Gavriliuk, A. G.; Serebryanaya, N. R.; Trojan, I. A.; Dzivenko, D. A.; Boehler, R.; Mao, H. K.; Hemley, R. J. (2004). "Structural transformation of molecular nitrogen to a single-bonded atomic state at high pressures". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 121 (22): 11296. Bibcode:2004JChPh.12111296E. doi:10.1063/1.1814074. PMID 15634085.
^ Olszewski, K (1884). "Nouveaux essais de liquéfaction de l'hydrogène. Solidification et pression critique de l'azote". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences (dalam bahasa Prancis). 98: 913–915.
^ Cohen, E. G. D. (1 January 1977). "Toward Absolute Zero: During the past three centuries attempts to approach the absolute zero of temperature have led to the discovery of many important phenomena, including superconductivity and superfluidity". American Scientist. 65 (6): 752–758. JSTOR 27848176.
^ Mikhal'chenko, R. S.; Getmanets, V. F.; Arkhipov, V. T. (September 1972). "Peculiarities of heat transfer in porous solid nitrogen". Journal of Engineering Physics. 23 (3): 1075–1081. Bibcode:1972JEP....23.1075M. doi:10.1007/BF00832213.

Pranala luar

Freezing Liquid Nitrogen Creates Something Amazing - Videos of nitrogen boiling, freezing, and spontaneously changing crystal form

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[1] "Flowing nitrogen ice glaciers seen on surface of Pluto after New Horizons flyby". ABC. 25 July 2015. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2015.

[Triton-2] McKinnon, William B.; Kirk, Randolph L. (2014). "Triton". Dalam Spohn, Tilman; Breuer, Doris; Johnson, Torrence. Encyclopedia of the Solar System (edisi ke-3rd). Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier. hlm. 861–882. ISBN 978-0-12-416034-7.

[yamas-3] Yamashita, Yasuyuki; Kato, Manabu; Arakawa, Masahiko (June 2010). "Experimental study on the rheological properties of polycrystalline solid nitrogen and methane: Implications for tectonic processes on Triton". Icarus. 207 (2): 972–977. Bibcode:2010Icar..207..972Y. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.032. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2016.

[erem004-4] Eremets, M. I.; Gavriliuk, A. G.; Serebryanaya, N. R.; Trojan, I. A.; Dzivenko, D. A.; Boehler, R.; Mao, H. K.; Hemley, R. J. (2004). "Structural transformation of molecular nitrogen to a single-bonded atomic state at high pressures". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 121 (22): 11296. Bibcode:2004JChPh.12111296E. doi:10.1063/1.1814074. PMID 15634085.

[5] Olszewski, K (1884). "Nouveaux essais de liquéfaction de l'hydrogène. Solidification et pression critique de l'azote". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences (dalam bahasa Prancis). 98: 913–915.

[6] Cohen, E. G. D. (1 January 1977). "Toward Absolute Zero: During the past three centuries attempts to approach the absolute zero of temperature have led to the discovery of many important phenomena, including superconductivity and superfluidity". American Scientist. 65 (6): 752–758. JSTOR 27848176.

[7] Mikhal'chenko, R. S.; Getmanets, V. F.; Arkhipov, V. T. (September 1972). "Peculiarities of heat transfer in porous solid nitrogen". Journal of Engineering Physics. 23 (3): 1075–1081. Bibcode:1972JEP....23.1075M. doi:10.1007/BF00832213.

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