Organisasi Partai Komunis Uni Soviet

Organisasi Partai Komunis Uni Soviet dibentuk berdasarkan sentralisme demokratik.

Badan Pengurus Partai Komunis Uni Soviet adalah Kongres Partai, yang awalnya bersidang setiap setahun sekali, namun seiring berjalannya waktu, terlebih di era kepemimpinan Josef Stalin, pelaksanaan Kongres Partai semakin menurun intensitasnya. Kongres Partai akan memilih para anggota Komite Pusat Partai dan Komite Pusat akan memilih anggota Politbiro dan anggota Sekretariat Partai. Pada masa kepemimpinan Stalin, Sekretaris Jenderal Partai adalah jabatan paling berkuasa dalam partai yang dipilih oleh Politbior dan Sekretariat. Pada tahun 1952, jabatan Sekretaris Jenderal Partai diganti menjadi Sekretaris Pertama Partai dan Politbiro diubah menjadi Presidium Partai. Namun hal ini tidak berlangsung lama karena Leonid Brezhnev kembali mengubah jabatan-jabatan tersebut menjadi Sekretaris Jenderal dan Politbiro Partai di tahun 1966.

Secara teoritis, kekuasaan tertinggi partai berada dibawah Kongres Partai. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya justru kekuasaan tertinggi partai berada dibawah kuasa Sekretaris Jenderal sejak kematian Lenin di bulan Januari 1924^[1].

Organ Utama

Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Uni Soviet - bersinonim dengan jabatan Pemimpin Partai dibawah Josef Stalin (Sekretaris Jenderal dari 1922 - 1952).
Sekretariat Komite Pusat Partai Komunis Uni Soviet - badan termuka dalam Komite Pusat. Dipimpin oleh Sekretaris Jenderal atau Sekretaris Pertama.
Politbiro Komite Pusat Partai Komunis Uni Soviet - Biro Politik Komite Pusat. Dalam praktiknya Politbiro adalah Badan yang paling berkuasa di partai dan Uni Soviet.
Komite Pusat Partai Komunis Uni Soviet - Badan Pengatur Partai untuk setiap pelaksanaan Kongres. the governing body of the Party between each Congress. Melakukan urusan sehari-hari Partai dan pemerintah.
Kongres Partai Komunis Uni Soviet - Kongres Partai adalah momen dimana para delegasi partai berkumpul setiap lima tahun sekali. Kongres Partai mengawasi badan-badan yang ada di dalam Partai Komunis Uni Soviet.
Biro Organisasi Komite Pusat Partai (Orgbiro) - - memenuhi manajemen sumber daya manusia Partai
Komisi Kontrol Partai Komunis Uni Soviet
Komisi Audit Pusat Partai Komunis Uni Soviet (kadang-kadang diterjemahkan sebagai Komisi Revisi Pusat (Центральная ревизионная комиссия)
Konferensi Partai - badan pengawas partai diantara Kongres-Kongres Partai. Biasanya bersidang setiap setahun sekali.

Cabang Negara Bagian

Partai Komunis Republik Sosialis Federasi Soviet Rusia (1990-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Federasi Soviet Rusia;
Partai Komunis Byelorussia (1917-1991), di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Byelorussia;
Partai Komunis Ukraina (1918-1991), di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraina;
Partai Komunis Estonia (1920-1991), di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Estonia;
Partai Komunis Latvia (1904-1991)di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Latvia;
Partai Komunis Lithuania (1918-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Lithuania;
Partai Komunis Kazakhstan (1936-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Kazakh;
Partai Komunis Uzbekistan (1925-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Uzbek;
Partai Komunis Turkmenistan (1924-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Turkmenistan;
Partai Komunis Kirghizia (1924-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Kirgizstan;
Partai Komunis Tajikistan (1924-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Tajikistan;
Partai Komunis Georgia (1921-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Georgia;
Partai Komunis Armenia (1920-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Armenia;
Partai Komunis Azerbaijan (1920-1991) di dalam Republik Sosialis Soviet Azerbaijan;

Daftar Referensi

^ Gill, Graeme (2004). "Communist Party of the Soviet Union". Dalam Millar, James R. Encyclopedia of Russian history. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. hlm. 306–313. ISBN 0-02-865694-6. All aspects of the Party's life came under vigorous debate within leading Party circles. However, during Vladimir Lenin's lifetime, all of these debates ended with the victory of the position that he espoused. Following his death, the maneuvering between different groups of Party leaders for the succession saw conflict between a group around Stalin and, successively, Leon Trotsky, the Left Opposition, the United Opposition, and the Right Opposition. In all cases, Stalin and his supporters were victorious. With the defeat of the Right Opposition in 1929, Stalin emerged as Party leader. He consolidated his position during the 1930s, especially through the Terror of 1936 to 1938, emerging as the vozhd, or unquestioned leader of the party and the people. This process of a shift from the collective leadership of the Lenin years to the personal dictatorship of Stalin had direct implications for the Party. In the initial years of power, leading Party organs were real arenas of debate and conflict, and although Lenin manipulated Party organs, the principal basis upon which he was victorious in inner-party conflict was his ability to persuade sufficient members to support the position he advocated. With Stalin's personal dictatorship, party organs ceased to be the scene of open political debate and instead became stylized assemblies for the laudation of Stalin. While this was not as much the case at the level of the Politburo, even here the cut and thrust of debate was blunted by the personal dominance of Stalin.

Pranala luar

Badan Eksekutif Partai Komunis Uni Soviet (1917-1991)

[1] Gill, Graeme (2004). "Communist Party of the Soviet Union". Dalam Millar, James R. Encyclopedia of Russian history. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. hlm. 306–313. ISBN 0-02-865694-6. All aspects of the Party's life came under vigorous debate within leading Party circles. However, during Vladimir Lenin's lifetime, all of these debates ended with the victory of the position that he espoused. Following his death, the maneuvering between different groups of Party leaders for the succession saw conflict between a group around Stalin and, successively, Leon Trotsky, the Left Opposition, the United Opposition, and the Right Opposition. In all cases, Stalin and his supporters were victorious. With the defeat of the Right Opposition in 1929, Stalin emerged as Party leader. He consolidated his position during the 1930s, especially through the Terror of 1936 to 1938, emerging as the vozhd, or unquestioned leader of the party and the people. This process of a shift from the collective leadership of the Lenin years to the personal dictatorship of Stalin had direct implications for the Party. In the initial years of power, leading Party organs were real arenas of debate and conflict, and although Lenin manipulated Party organs, the principal basis upon which he was victorious in inner-party conflict was his ability to persuade sufficient members to support the position he advocated. With Stalin's personal dictatorship, party organs ceased to be the scene of open political debate and instead became stylized assemblies for the laudation of Stalin. While this was not as much the case at the level of the Politburo, even here the cut and thrust of debate was blunted by the personal dominance of Stalin.

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