Pauline Frederick
Pauline Frederick (12 Agustus 1883 – 19 September 1938) adalah aktris panggung berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat.
| Pauline Frederick | |
|---|---|
 Frederick in 1918 | |
| Lahir | Pauline Beatrice Libbey 12 Agustus 1883 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Meninggal | 19 September 1938 (umur 55) Beverly Hills, California |
| Sebab meninggal | Asthma attack |
| Makam | Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery |
| Kebangsaan | American |
| Pendidikan | Miss Blachard's Finishing School |
| Pekerjaan | Actress |
| Tahun aktif | 1902–1937 |
| Suami/istri | Willard Mack (m. 1917–1920)Dr. C.A. Rutherford
(m. 1922–1925)Hugh C. Leighton
(m. 1930–1930)Co. Joseph A. Marmon
(m. 1934–1934) |
Latar belakang sunting
Frederick lahir sebagai Pauline Beatrice Libbey (kemudian diubah menjadi) di Boston tahun 1883 (beberapa sumber menyatakan tahun 1884 atau 1885),[1] anak satu-satunya dari Richard O. dan Loretta C. Libbey. Ayahnya bekerja sebagai kepala bagian langsiran di Old Colony Railroad sebelum beralih menjadi salesman. Orang tuanya berpisah ketika dia masih balita dan Fredrick tumbuh diasuh oleh ibunya yang tetap dekat sepanjang usianya (orang tua mereka bercerai sekitar tahun 1897). Sebagai seorang gadis, dia terpesona dengan bisnis pertunjukan, dan menentukan sejak awal tujuannya dalam penyutradaraan teater. Dia belajar seni peran, menyanyi, dan menari di Miss Blachard's Finishing School Boston dan lulus dari situ.[2][3]
Sayangnya, ayahnya kurang mendorong ambisinya menjadi seorang aktris dan justru menginginkan menjadi seorang guru [[deklamasi. Setelah mengejar karier sebagai seorang aktris, ayahnya (meninggal tahun 1922) menekannya. Karena perilaku ayahnya itulah, Pauline menggunakan nama panggung "Frederick".[4] She legally changed her name to Pauline Frederick in 1908.[2]
Diia mengawali debut di pertunjukan pada usia 17 tahun sebagai tim paduan suara untuk The Rogers Brothers At Harvard, tapi kemudian dipecat tak lama kemudian.[4][5] Dia menerima peran kecil lainnya di pertunjukan sebelum bercerai dengan ilustrator Harrison Fisher yang menyebutnya "orang Amerika yang cantik sejati." Melalui bantuan Fisher, dia mendapatkan peran-peran penting. Diberi nama panggilan "The Girl With the Topaz Eyes", Fredrick mendapatkan peran utama dalam produksi keliling berjudul The Little Gray Lady dan The Girl in White, tahun 1906. Dia sempat pensiun dari akting setelah pernikahan pertamanya pada tahun 1909, namun kembali ke panggung pada Januari 1913 dalam naskah Joseph and His Brethren.[2][4]
Meninggal sunting
Pada tanggal 17 Januari 1936, Frederick menjalani operasi darurat di perutnya.[6] Kesehatannya terus menurun setelah itu yang membatasi kemampuannya untuk bekerja.[7] Dia semakin terpukul ibunya meninggal pada 1937.[5]
Tanggal 16 September 1938, Frederick terjangkit asma, selama dua kali, serangan asma yang fatal ketika sedang memulihkan kesehatan di rumah bibinya di Beverly Hills.[5][7] Sesuai dengan permintaan, pemakaman pribadi dilakukan pada tanggal 23 September di Hollywood,[8] setelah sempat dimakamkan di Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery.
Atas kontribusinya di industri film, Pauline Frederick ditetapkan menjadi bintang di Hollywood Walk of Fame di 7000 Hollywood Boulevard.[9]
Filmografi sunting
| Tahun | Judul | Peran | Catatan |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1915 | The Eternal City | Donna Roma | Film hilang |
| 1915 | Sold | Helen | Film hilang |
| 1915 | Zaza | ZaZa | Film hilang |
| 1915 | Bella Donna | Bella Donna (Ruby Chepstow) | Film hilang |
| 1915 | Lydia Gilmore | Lydia Gilmore | Film hilang |
| 1916 | The Spider | Valerie St. Cyr/Joan Marche | Film hilang |
| 1916 | Audrey | Audrey | Film hilang |
| 1916 | The Moment Before | Madge | A 35mm nitrate copy of the film is housed at the Cineteca Nazionale film archive in Rome.[10] The print is missing one sequence described as "the opening scene before the flashback."[11] |
| 1916 | The World's Great Snare | Myra | Film hilang |
| 1916 | The Woman in the Case | Margaret Rolfe | |
| 1916 | Ashes of Embers | Laura Ward/Agnes Ward | Film hilang |
| 1916 | Nanette of the Wilds | Nanette Gauntier | Film hilang |
| 1917 | The Slave Market | Ramona | Film hilang |
| 1917 | Sapho | Sapho, aka Fanny Lagrand | Film hilang |
| 1917 | Sleeping Fires | Zelma Bryce | Film hilang |
| 1917 | Her Better Self | Vivian Tyler | Film hilang |
| 1917 | The Love That Lives | Molly McGill | |
| 1917 | Double Crossed | Eleanor Stratton | Film hilang |
| 1917 | The Hungry Heart | Courtney Vaughan | Film hilang |
| 1918 | Mrs. Dane's Defense | Felicia Hindemarsh | Film hilang |
| 1918 | Madame Jealousy | Madame Jealousy | Film hilang |
| 1918 | La Tosca | Floria Tosca | Film hilang |
| 1918 | Resurrection | Katusha | Film hilang |
| 1918 | Her Final Reckoning | Marsa | Film hilang |
| 1918 | Fedora | Princess Fedora | Film hilang |
| 1918 | Stake Uncle Sam to Play Your Hand | Miss Liberty Loan | Short film |
| 1918 | A Daughter of the Old South | Dolores Jardine | Film hilang |
| 1919 | Out of the Shadow | Ruth Minchin | Film hilang |
| 1919 | The Woman on the Index | Sylvia Martin | Film hilang |
| 1919 | Paid in Full | Emma Brooks | Film hilang....final Famous Players-Lasky/ Paramount feature |
| 1919 | One Week of Life | Mrs. Sherwood & Marion Roche | Film hilang |
| 1919 | The Fear Woman | Helen Winthrop | Film hilang |
| 1919 | The Peace of Roaring River | Madge Nelson | Film hilang |
| 1919 | Bonds of Love | Una Sayre | Film hilang |
| 1919 | The Loves of Letty | Letty Shell | |
| 1920 | The Paliser Case | Cassy Cara | Film hilang |
| 1920 | The Woman in Room 13 | Laura Bruce | Film hilang |
| 1920 | Madame X | Jacqueline Floriot | |
| 1920 | A Slave of Vanity | Iris Bellamy | Film hilang ...First Robertson-Cole release |
| 1921 | The Mistress of Shenstone | Lady Myra Ingleby | extant; abridged or incomplete |
| 1921 | Roads of Destiny | Dolly Jordan Lennon | Film hilang ...Final Goldwyn Pictures release |
| 1921 | Salvage | Bernice Ridgeway/Kate Martin | Film hilang |
| 1921 | The Sting of the Lash | Dorothy Keith | Film hilang |
| 1921 | The Lure of Jade | Sara Vincent | Film hilang |
| 1922 | The Woman Breed | ||
| 1922 | Two Kinds of Women | Judith Sanford | Film hilang |
| 1922 | The Glory of Clementina | Clementina Wing | Film hilang |
| 1924 | Let Not Man Put Asunder | Petrina Faneuil | Film hilang |
| 1924 | Married Flirts | Nellie Wayne | Film hilang |
| 1924 | Three Women | Mrs. Mabel Wilton | |
| 1925 | Smouldering Fires | Jane Vale | |
| 1926 | Her Honor, the Governor | Adele Fenway | |
| 1926 | Devil's Island | Jeannette Picto | |
| 1926 | Josselyn's Wife | Lillian Josselyn | Film hilang |
| 1927 | Mumsie | Mumsie | Film hilang |
| 1927 | The Nest | Mrs. Hamilton | |
| 1928 | On Trial | Joan Trask | Film hilang |
| 1929 | Evidence | Myra Stanhope | Film hilang |
| 1929 | The Sacred Flame | Mrs. Taylor - the Mother | Film hilang |
| 1930 | Terra Melophon Magazin Nr. 1 | Die Zofe | Episode: "Was Ziehe ich an, Bevor ich mich anziehe" |
| 1931 | This Modern Age | Diane "Di" Winters | |
| 1932 | Wayward | Mrs. Eleanor Frost | |
| 1932 | The Phantom of Crestwood | Faith Andes | |
| 1932 | Self Defense | Katy Devoux | |
| 1934 | Social Register | Mrs. Breene | |
| 1935 | My Marriage | Mrs. DeWitt Tyler II | |
| 1936 | Ramona | Señora Moreno | |
| 1937 | Thank You, Mr. Moto | Madame Chung |
Referensis sunting
- ^ Austin, Walter Browne; Frederick Arnold, ed. (1908). Who's who on the Stage: The Dramatic Reference Book and Biographical Dictionary of the Theatre, Containing Records of the Careers of Actors, Actresses, Managers and Playwrights of the American Stage. B.W. Dodge & Company. hlm. 180.
- ^ a b c James, Edward T., ed. (1971). Notable American Women 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 1. Harvard University Press. hlm. 665. ISBN 0-674-62734-2.
- ^ "Pauline Frederick Loyal To Her Divorced Mother". The Newburgh Daily News. September 12, 1922. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal May 8, 2013.
- ^ a b c "Pauline Frederick Dies In California". The Montreal Gazette. September 28, 1938. hlm. 9. Diakses tanggal May 8, 2013.
- ^ a b c "Pauline Frederick Dies After Two Year Illness". The Pittsburgh Press. September 20, 1938. hlm. 11. Diakses tanggal May 8, 2013.
- ^ "Miss Frederick Gaining After Her Operation". The Los Angeles Times. January 19, 1936. hlm. A1.
- ^ a b "Famed Actress Dies". Berkeley Daily Gazette. September 20, 1938. hlm. 3. Diakses tanggal May 8, 2013.
- ^ "Final Tribute Paid Pauline Frederick". Daily Boston Globe. September 23, 1938. hlm. 2.
- ^ "Hollywood Star Walk: Pauline Frederick". latimes,com. Diakses tanggal May 8, 2013.
- ^ "The Moment Before". silentera.com. Diakses tanggal May 9, 2013.
- ^ "The Filmography of Pauline Frederick". Greta de Groat, Metadata Librarian for Electronic and Visual Resources, Stanford University.
Pranala luar sunting
- Pauline Frederick di Internet Broadway Database
- Pauline Frederick di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
- The Pauline Frederick Website
- Photo gallery on silent-movies.org
- Pauline Frederick photo gallery at NYP Library
- Pauline Frederick gettyimages portrait gallery
- Pauline Frederick: Broadway Photographs(Univ of South Carolina)
- Literature on Pauline Frederick
- Pauline Frederick Papers: A Finding Aid Diarsipkan 2014-02-22 di Wayback Machine. (Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College)
