Penculikan mempelai

Penculikan mempelai, yang juga dikenal sebagai pernikahan melalui penculikan atau pernikahan melalui penangkapan, adalah sebuah praktik di mana seorang pria menculik seorang wanita yang ia ingin dinikahi. Penculikan mempelai telah dipraktikkan di seluruh dunia dan sepanjang sejarah. Praktik tersebut masih terjadi di negara-negara di Asia Tengah, kawasan Kaukasus dan sebagian Afrika, dan sejumlah suku seperti suku Hmong di Asia Tenggara, suku Tzeltal di Meksiko, dan suku Romani di Eropa.

Di kebanyakan negara, penculikan mempelai dianggap sebagai kejahatan seks ketimbang bentuk pernikahan yang sah. Beberapa jenis dari praktik tersebut juga dipandang jatuh di antara pernikahan paksa dan pernikahan perjodohan. Istilah tersebut terkadang digunakan tak hanya meliputi penculikan, tetapi juga kawin lari, di mana sebuah pasangan melarikan diri bersama dan menghindari perhatian dari orang tua mereka; hal tersebut masing-masing dianggap sebagai penculikan yang tak dikehendaki dan dikehendaki. Namun, bahkan saat praktik tersebut bertentangan dengan hukum, penegakan yudisialnya masih lemah di beberapa wilayah, seperti Moldova, Kirgizstan dan Chechnya.

Penculikan mempelai berbeda dengan raptio karena penculikan mempelai merujuk kepada penculikan seorang wanita dengan seorang pria (dan teman-teman dan kerabat-kerabatnya), dan masih merupakan praktik yang merebak, sementara raptio merujuk kepada penculikan wanita berskala besar oleh sekelompok pria, diyakini pada masa perang (lihat pula pemerkosaan perang).

Beberapa budaya mada masa sekarang mengutamakan ritual penculikan mempelai simbolik sebagai bagian dari tradisi terkait pernikahan, di mana praktik penculikan mempelai ditampilkan dalam sejarah budaya tersebut. Menurut beberapa sumber, bulan madu adalah relik dari pernikahan melalui penangkapan, berdasarkan pada praktik suami menyembunyikan istrinya agar tidak diketahui para kerabatnya, dengan tujuan agar wanita tersebut mengandung pada akhir bulan.^[1]

Daftar pustaka sunting

Buku sunting

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Artikel jurnal sunting

Ayres, Barbara "Bride Theft and Raiding for Wives in Cross-Cultural Perspective", Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 3, Kidnapping and Elopement as Alternative Systems of Marriage (Special Issue) (July 1974), p. 245
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Pamporov, Alexey "Sold like a donkey? Bride-price among the Bulgarian Roma" Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 13, 471–476 (2007)
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Stross, Brian. "Tzeltal Marriage by Capture." Anthropological Quarterly. 47:3 (July 1974), pp. 328–346.
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Yang, Jennifer Ann. "Marriage By Capture in the Hmong Culture: The Legal Issue of Cultural Rights Versus Women's Rights", Law and Society Review at UCSB, Vol. 3, pp. 38–49 (2004).

Laporan hak asasi manusia sunting

Amnesty International, Georgia—Thousands Suffering in Silence: Violence Against Women in the Family Diarsipkan 2015-01-04 di Wayback Machine., AI Index: EUR 56/009/2006, September 2006 (last accessed 18 Aug 2011).
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Artikel berita dan laporan radio sunting

Aminova, Alena, "Uzbekistan: No Love Lost in Karakalpak Bride Thefts" Diarsipkan 2016-04-07 di Wayback Machine., Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 14 June 2004
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Najibullah, Farangis, "Bride Kidnapping: A Tradition or a Crime?", Radio Free Europe, 21 May 2011
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Disertasi dan makalah akademik sunting

Moua, Teng, "The Hmong Culture: Kinship, Marriage & Family Systems", University of Wisconsin–Stout (May 2003)
Pamporov, Alexey, Roma/Gypsy Population in Bulgaria as a Challenge to Policy Relevance Diarsipkan 2018-09-24 di Wayback Machine. (2006)

Referensi sunting

^ See, e.g., William Shepard Walsh, Curiosities of Popular Customs and of Rites, Ceremonies, Observances, and Miscellaneous Antiquities, (J.B. Lippincott Co., 1897), p. 654; John Lubbock, The Origin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man: Mental and Social Condition of Savages, (Appleton, 1882), p. 122. Curtis Pesmen & Setiawan Djody, Your First Year of Marriage (Simon and Schuster, 1995) p. 37. Compare with Edward Westermarck, The History of Human Marriage (Allerton Book Co., 1922), p. 277 (refuting the link between honeymoon and marriage by capture).

Pranala luar sunting

[1] See, e.g., William Shepard Walsh, Curiosities of Popular Customs and of Rites, Ceremonies, Observances, and Miscellaneous Antiquities, (J.B. Lippincott Co., 1897), p. 654; John Lubbock, The Origin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man: Mental and Social Condition of Savages, (Appleton, 1882), p. 122. Curtis Pesmen & Setiawan Djody, Your First Year of Marriage (Simon and Schuster, 1995) p. 37. Compare with Edward Westermarck, The History of Human Marriage (Allerton Book Co., 1922), p. 277 (refuting the link between honeymoon and marriage by capture).

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