Perang Semak Uganda
Perang Semak Uganda, juga dikenal sebagai Perang Luwero, Perang Saudara Uganda atau Perang Perlawanan, adalah perang saudara yang terjadi di Uganda antara pemerintah Uganda resmi dengan partai sayap bersenjata Front Pembebasan Nasional Uganda, melawan sejumlah kelompok pemberontak, salah satu dari kelompok pemberontak yang penting adalah Tentara Perlawanan Nasional, dari tahun 1980 hingga 1986.
Perang Semak Uganda | |||||||
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Milton Obote (kiri) dan Yoweri Museveni, masing-masing pemimpin dari pasukan pemerintahan UNLF dan Tentara Perlawanan Nasional untuk sebagian besar perang. | |||||||
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Pihak terlibat | |||||||
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Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||
Milton Obote Tito Okello David Oyite-Ojok † Smith Opon Acak Bazilio Olara-Okello |
Tentara Perlawanan Nasional: Pemberontak Nil barat: UFM dan FEDEMU: Balaki Kirya[10] Andrew Kayira (POW)[6] David Lwanga[6] | ||||||
Pasukan | |||||||
Milisi propemerintah
![]() | Berbagai milisi pemberontak | ||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||
![]() 15,000+ (1981) 35,000–40,000 (1984) ca 15,000 (akhir tahun 1985) ![]() 11,000 (hingga tahun 1980) 800–1,000 (dari tahun 1981) ca 50 (1984) ![]() 30+ (1981) ca 50 (1984) 170–700 (1985) |
Tentara Uganda: NRA: 900 (Des. 1981)[12] 4,000 (awal tahun 1983)[12] ca 10,000 (akhir tahun 1985) | ||||||
Korban | |||||||
100,000–500,000 |
Catatan
suntingReferensi
sunting- ^ a b c d e CIA 2012, hlm. 4.
- ^ a b c d Cooper & Fontanellaz 2015, hlm. 39.
- ^ a b Seftel 2010, hlm. 268.
- ^ CIA 2012, hlm. 6.
- ^ a b Seftel 2010, hlm. 262.
- ^ a b c d Golooba-Mutebi 2008, hlm. 14.
- ^ Reid 2017, hlm. 76.
- ^ a b c Idriss Lahai, John (2016). African Frontiers. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 43.
- ^ Harden, Blaine (20 January 1986). "Ugandans Learn to Live With Chronic Tribal War". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 16 December 2019.
- ^ Cooper & Fontanellaz 2015, hlm. 40.
- ^ Berger 2015, hlm. 80.
- ^ a b Cooper & Fontanellaz 2015, hlm. 45.
Karya terkutip
sunting- Africa Confidential 22. Miramoor Publications Limited. 1981.
- Avirgan, Tony; Honey, Martha (1983). War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House. ISBN 978-9976-1-0056-3.
- Behrend, Heike (2016) [1st pub. 1999]. Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985–97. Diterjemahkan oleh Mitch Cohen. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-4570-9.
- Berger, Andrea (2015). Target Markets: North Korea's Military Customers. Abingdon: Royal United Services Institute. ISBN 978-1-138-65493-8.
- Cooper, Tom; Fontanellaz, Adrien (2015). Wars and Insurgencies of Uganda 1971–1994. Solihull: Helion & Company Limited. ISBN 978-1-910294-55-0.
- Golooba-Mutebi, Frederick (January 2008). "Collapse, War and Reconstruction in Uganda. An analytical narrative on state-making" (PDF). Makerere University Crisis States Working Papers Series (2). ISSN 1749-1800.
- Harrell-Bond, Barbara (1982). "Ugandan Refugees in the Sudan. Part I: The long journey" (PDF). UFSI Reports (48).
- Kasozi, A. (1994). Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964-1985. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 9780773564879.
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- Lamwaka, Caroline (2016). The Raging Storm: A Reporter's Inside Account of the Northern Uganda War 1986-2005. Kampala: Fountain Publishers. ISBN 978-9970-25-221-3.
- Oloya, Opiyo (2013). Child to Soldier: Stories from Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-1417-8.
- Otunnu, Ogenga (2017). Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Violence in Uganda, 1979 to 2016. Chicago: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-319-33155-3.
- Reid, Richard J. (2017). A History of Modern Uganda. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-06720-2.
- Rothchild, Donald S. (1997). Managing ethnic conflict in Africa: pressures and incentives for cooperation. Brookings Institution Press. hlm. 90. ISBN 978-0-8157-7593-5.
- Seftel, Adam, ed. (2010) [1st pub. 1994]. Uganda: The Bloodstained Pearl of Africa and Its Struggle for Peace. From the Pages of Drum. Kampala: Fountain Publishers. ISBN 978-9970-02-036-2.
- "Uganda: Obote's Dimming Prospects" (PDF). Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. 2012 [1st pub. 1984]. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2020-08-09. Diakses tanggal 2021-04-12.
- Artikel ini berisi bahan berstatus domain umum dari situs web atau dokumen Library of Congress Country Studies. – Uganda