Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław August Poniatowski (17 Januari 1732 – 12 Februari 1798) adalah Raja terakhir Kerajaan Polandia-Lithuania (1764-1795). Ia adalah anak Stanisław Poniatowski, Castellan Kraków dan Konstancja Czartoryska. Ia turun tahta pada 25 November 1795 setelah wilayahnya dicacah-cacah oleh Austria, Prusia, dan Rusia. Sebelumnya, ia berkuasa mulai 7 September 1764 setelah terpilih sebagai raja pasca-kudeta keluarga Czartoryski, yang didukung tentara Rusia.
Gelar kerajaan sunting
Catatan sunting
a ^ Sources vary with regards to whether Konstancja Grabowska and Kazimierz Grabowski were Poniatowski's children. They are listed as such by several sources, such as Jerzy Michalski's entry in the Polish Biographical Dictionary. However, a website dedicated to the genealogy of the Great Sejm participants, maintained by Marek Jerzy Minakowski, does not list neither Kazimierz nor Konstancja as children of Poniatowski. For Elżbieta, the genealogy lists only Kazimierz as a child of Jan Jerzy Grabowski.
Referensi sunting
- Richard Butterwick (14 May 1998). Poland's Last King and English Culture: Stanisław August Poniatowski, 1732–1798. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820701-6. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012.
- Butterwick, R (2001) The Enlightened Monarchy of Stanisław August Poniatowski, 1764–1795. In: Butterwick, R, (ed.) The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c.1500–1795. (192–217). Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke and London.
- Kiliński, Jan (1899) [1818]. Drugi pamiętnik, nieznany, o czasach Stanisława Augusta (Recollections of the Times of Stanislaw August) (dalam bahasa Polski). Aleksander Kraushar.
- Marek Kwiatkowski (1983). Stanisław August, Król-Architekt (Stanisław August, King-Architect) (dalam bahasa Polski). Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. ISBN 978-83-04-00850-2. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012. review[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- Jerzy Łojek (1998). Stanisław August Poniatowski i jego czasy (Stanisław August Poniatowski and His Times) (dalam bahasa Polski). Wydawn. Alfa. ISBN 978-83-7179-023-2. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2012.
- ed. Dembiński, Bronisław (1904). Stanisław August i książe Józef Poniatowski w świetle własnej korespondencyi (Stanislaw and Prince Joseph Poniatowski in the Light of Their Private Correspondence) (dalam bahasa Polski). Nakład Towarzystwa dla Popierania Nauki Polskiej Lviv.
- Zamoyski, Adam (1992), The last king of Poland, J. Cape, ISBN 0-224-03548-7.
Bibliografi sunting
Pranala luar sunting
- Biography at www.poland.gov.pl Diarsipkan 2009-07-22 di Wayback Machine. (Official page of the Government of Poland)
- Biography at www.lazienki-krolewskie.pl (Official page of the Royal Łazienki Museum in Warsaw)
- Poniatowski, in: The Historical Geography of the Ciołek clan AD 950–1950.
- Stanisław August w Gdańsku Diarsipkan 2006-10-16 di Wayback Machine.
- Connections of King Stanislas Augustus and Scientists from his Environment with the Royal Society in London. Diarsipkan 2012-08-30 di Wayback Machine.
- Poniatowski's memoirs