Guru Tegh Bahadur

Guru Tegh Bahadur
Guru Tegh Bahadur
	Lukisan Teg Bahadur dari abad ke-18
Informasi pribadi
Lahir	Tyaga Mal; 1 April 1621; Amritsar, Punjab, Kemaharajaan Mughal (kini India)
Meninggal	24 November 1675 (umur 54); Delhi, Kemaharajaan Mughal (kini India)
Agama	Sikhisme
Pasangan	Mata Gujri
Anak	Guru Gobind Singh
Orang tua	Guru Hargobind dan Mata Nanaki
Dikenal sebagai	Menjadi martir untuk melindungi kebebasan beragama Pandit Hindu Kashmir dan menolak masuk Islam; Pendiri Anandpur Sahib; Pendiri Patiala;
Kiprah keagamaan
Pendahulu	Guru Har Krishan
Penerus	Guru Gobind Singh

Guru Tegh Bahadur (pengucapan Punjabi: [ɡʊru teɣ bəhɑdʊɾ]; 1 April 1621 – 24 November 1675,^[5]^[6]), dihormati sebagai "Nanak kesembilan", adalah Guru kesembilan agama Sikhisme. Tegh Bahadur meneruskan semangat guru pertama, Nanak. 115 himne puitis yang ia gubah terkandung dalam kitab suci Guru Granth Sahib. Tegh Bahadur melawan pengislaman paksa orang-orang Pandit Kashmir^[1] dan non-Muslim.^[7] Ia dipenggal pada tahun 1675 di Delhi atas perintah Maharaja Mughal Aurangzeb karena menolak masuk Islam.^[3]^[8]^[9] Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib dibangun di tempat pemenggalan Guru Tegh Bahadur dan Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib dibangun di tempat pembakaran tubuhnya.^[10] Pengorbanan Guru Tegh Bahadur dikenang oleh perayaan Shaheedi Divas Guru Tegh Bahadur yang diadakan setiap tahun pada tanggal 24 November menurut kalender Nanakshahi yang dibuat oleh Komite Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak pada tahun 2003.^[11]

Catatan kaki

^ ^a ^b ^c Pashaura Singh and Louis Fenech (2014). The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. hlm. 236–445, Kutipan:"this second martyrdom helped to make 'human rights and freedom of conscience' central to its identity." Quote:"This is the reputed place where several Kashmiri pandits came seeking protection from Auranzeb's army.". ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.
^ Gill, Sarjit S., and Charanjit Kaur (2008), "Gurdwara and its politics: Current debate on Sikh identity in Malaysia", SARI: Journal Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Vol. 26 (2008), pages 243-255, Quote: "Guru Tegh Bahadur died in order to protect the Kashmiri Hindus' religious freedom."
^ ^a ^b Seiple, Chris (2013). The Routledge handbook of religion and security. New York: Routledge. hlm. 96. ISBN 978-0-415-66744-9.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama sg2007
^ W. H. McLeod (1984). Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism. Manchester University Press. hlm. 31–33. ISBN 9780719010637. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2013.
^ "The Ninth Master Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621 - 1675)". sikhs.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-10-26. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2014.
^ Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013). Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed. Bloomsbury Academic. hlm. 53–54. ISBN 978-1-4411-0231-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16. , Quote: "The Guru's stance was a clear and unambiguous challenge, not to the sovereignty of the Mughal state, but to the state's policy of not recognizing the sovereign existence of non-Muslims, their traditions and ways of life".
^ "Religions - Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur". BBC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-04-14. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.
^ Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. hlm. 236–238. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16. ;
Fenech, Louis E. (2001). "Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources". Journal of the American Oriental Society. American Oriental Society. 121 (1): 20–31. doi:10.2307/606726. JSTOR 606726. ;
Fenech, Louis E. (1997). "Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition". Journal of the American Oriental Society. American Oriental Society. 117 (4): 623–642. doi:10.2307/606445. JSTOR 606445. ;
McLeod, Hew (1999). "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. Taylor & Francis. 22 (sup001): 155–165. doi:10.1080/00856408708723379. ISSN 0085-6401.
^ H. S. Singha (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries). Hemkunt Press. hlm. 169. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16.
^ Eleanor Nesbitt (2016). Sikhism: a Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. hlm. 6, 122–123. ISBN 978-0-19-874557-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16.

Artikel bertopik biografi tokoh ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[pslf-1] Pashaura Singh and Louis Fenech (2014). The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. hlm. 236–445, Kutipan:"this second martyrdom helped to make 'human rights and freedom of conscience' central to its identity." Quote:"This is the reputed place where several Kashmiri pandits came seeking protection from Auranzeb's army.". ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.

[2] Gill, Sarjit S., and Charanjit Kaur (2008), "Gurdwara and its politics: Current debate on Sikh identity in Malaysia", SARI: Journal Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Vol. 26 (2008), pages 243-255, Quote: "Guru Tegh Bahadur died in order to protect the Kashmiri Hindus' religious freedom."

[cs2013-3] Seiple, Chris (2013). The Routledge handbook of religion and security. New York: Routledge. hlm. 96. ISBN 978-0-415-66744-9.

[sg2007-4] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama sg2007

[5] W. H. McLeod (1984). Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism. Manchester University Press. hlm. 31–33. ISBN 9780719010637. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2013.

[6] "The Ninth Master Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621 - 1675)". sikhs.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-10-26. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2014.

[Mandair2013p53-7] Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013). Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed. Bloomsbury Academic. hlm. 53–54. ISBN 978-1-4411-0231-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16. , Quote: "The Guru's stance was a clear and unambiguous challenge, not to the sovereignty of the Mughal state, but to the state's policy of not recognizing the sovereign existence of non-Muslims, their traditions and ways of life".

[bbcgtb-8] "Religions - Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur". BBC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-04-14. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2016.

[fenech4-9] Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. hlm. 236–238. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16. ;
Fenech, Louis E. (2001). "Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources". Journal of the American Oriental Society. American Oriental Society. 121 (1): 20–31. doi:10.2307/606726. JSTOR 606726. ;
Fenech, Louis E. (1997). "Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition". Journal of the American Oriental Society. American Oriental Society. 117 (4): 623–642. doi:10.2307/606445. JSTOR 606445. ;
McLeod, Hew (1999). "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. Taylor & Francis. 22 (sup001): 155–165. doi:10.1080/00856408708723379. ISSN 0085-6401.

[singharakab-10] H. S. Singha (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries). Hemkunt Press. hlm. 169. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16.

[nesbitt122-11] Eleanor Nesbitt (2016). Sikhism: a Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. hlm. 6, 122–123. ISBN 978-0-19-874557-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16.

[5]

[6]

[1]

[7]

[3]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[2]

[4]