Turki Meskheti
suku bangsa
Turki Meskhetia juga dikenal sebagai Turki Ahiska (bahasa Turki: Ahıska Türkleri,[10][11] bahasa Georgia: თურქი მესხები t'urk'i meskhebi) adalah sebuah subkelompok etnis Turki yang dulunya bermukim di kawasan Meskheti,Georgia, di sepanjang perbatasan dengan Turki. Keberadaan orang Turki di Meskheti dimulai dengan ekspedisi militer Turki tahun 1578,[12] meskipun suku-suku Turk sudah menetap di kawasan tersebut pada abad kesebelas dan kedua belas.[12]
| Jumlah populasi | |
|---|---|
| sekitar 400,000 sampai 600,000[1][2] [3][4][5] | |
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
 Georgia | 1,500[6][7] |
 Kazakhstan | 150,000-180,000[6][7] |
 Azerbaijan | 87,000–110,000[6][7] |
 Rusia | 70,000–95,000[7][6] |
 Kirgizstan | 42,000-50,000[6][7] |
 Turki | 40,000-76,000[8][6] |
 Uzbekistan | 15,000-38,000[8][6] |
 Ukraina | 8,000-10,000[6][8] |
 Amerika Serikat | 9,000-16,000[8][6] |
 Siprus Utara | 180[6] |
| Bahasa | |
| Turki Azerbaijani · Rusia · Georgia · Kazakh | |
| Agama | |
| Islam[9] | |
| Kelompok etnik terkait | |
| Turki dan Azerbaijan (Qarapapaqs dan Terekeme) | |
Catatan
sunting- ^ Aydıngün et al. 2006, 1.
- ^ Seferov & Akış 2011, 393.
- ^ Today's Zaman (15 August 2011). "Historic Meskhetian Turk documents destroyed". Today's Zaman. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05. Diakses tanggal 21 February 2012.
- ^ Kanbolat, Hasan (7 April 2009). "Return of Meskhetian Turks to Georgia delayed". Today's Zaman. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 21 February 2012.
- ^ Assembly of Turkish American Associations (5 February 2008). "ATAA and ATA-SC Visit Ahiska Turks in Los Angeles". Today's Zaman. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 December 2010. Diakses tanggal 21 February 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Al Jazeera (2014). "Ahıska Türklerinin 70 yıllık sürgünü". Al Jazeera. Diakses tanggal 2016-07-05.
- ^ a b c d e Aydıngün et al. 2006, 13.
- ^ a b c d Aydıngün et al. 2006, 14.
- ^ Aydıngün et al. 2006, 15.
- ^ page78.
- ^ "ahiskalilar.org (turkish)". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-06-23. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-28.
- ^ a b Aydıngün et al. 2006, 4.
Daftar pustaka
sunting- Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Harding, Çiğdem Balım; Hoover, Matthew; Kuznetsov, Igor; Swerdlow, Steve (2006), Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences (PDF), Cultural Orientation Resource (COR) Center
- Barton, Frederick D.; Heffernan, John; Armstrong, Andrea (2002), Being Recognised as Citizens (PDF), http://www.humansecurity-chs.org/: Commission on Human Security, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-07-17
- Bennigsen, Alexandre; Broxup, Marie (1983), The Islamic threat to the Soviet State, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-7099-0619-6.
- Blacklock, Denika (2005), Finding Durable Solutions for the Meskhetians (PDF), European Centre for Minority Issues, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2010-06-02
- Coşkun, Ufuk (2009), Ahiska/Meskhetian Turks in Tucson: An Examination of Ethnic Identity (PDF), University of Arizona, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-01-11
- Cornell, Svante E. (2001), Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus, Routledge, ISBN 0-7007-1162-7.
- Council of Europe (2006), Documents: working papers, 2005 ordinary session (second part), 25–29 April 2005, Vol. 3: Documents 10407, 10449-10533, Council of Europe, ISBN 92-871-5754-5.
- Drobizheva, Leokadia; Gottemoeller, Rose; Kelleher, Catherine McArdle (1998), Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World: Case Studies and Analysis, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 1-56324-741-0.
- Elbaqidze, Marina (2005), "Multiculturalism in Georgia: Unclaimed Asset or Threat to the State?", dalam Czyzewski, Krzystof; Kulas, Joanna; Golubiewski, Mikolaj (eds.), A Handbook of Dialogue: Trust and Identity.
- Enwall, Joakim (2010), "Turkish texts in Georgian script: Sociolinguistic and ethno-linguistic aspects", dalam Boeschoten, Hendrik; Rentzsch, Julian (eds.), Turcology in Mainz, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 3-447-06113-8.
- Floor, Willem (2001). Safavid Government Institutions. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. ISBN 978-1568591353.
- Khazanov, Anatoly Michailovich (1995), "People with Nowhere To Go: The Plight of the Meskhetian Turks", After the USSR: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States, University of Wisconsin Press, ISBN 0-299-14894-7.
- Kurbanov, Rafik Osman-Ogly; Kurbanov, Erjan Rafik-Ogly (1995), "Religion and Politics in the Caucasus", dalam Bourdeaux, Michael (ed), The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 1-56324-357-1.
- Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia (edisi ke-2). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442241466.
- Minahan, James (2002), Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: L-R, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-32111-6.
- Pepinov, Fuad (2008), "The Role of Political Caricature in the ultural Development of the Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks", dalam Kellner-Heinkele, Barbara; Gierlichs, Joachim; Heuer, Brigitte (eds.), Islamic Art and Architecture in the European Periphery: Crimea, Caucasus, and the Volga-Ural Region, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 3-447-05753-X
- Polian, Pavel (2004), Against Their will: The History and Geography of Forced Migrations in the USSR, Central European University Press, ISBN 963-9241-68-7.
- Rasuly-Paleczek, Gabriele; Katschnig, Julia (2005), Central Asia on Display: Proceedings of the VIIth Conference of the European Society for Central Asian Studies, LIT Verlag Münster, ISBN 3-8258-8309-4.
- Rywkin, Michael (1994), Moscow's Lost Empire, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 1-56324-237-0.
- Seferov, Rehman; Akış, Ayhan (2011), Sovyet Döneminden Günümüze Ahıska Türklerinin Yasadıkları Cografyaya Göçlerle Birlikte Genel Bir Bakıs (PDF), Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-09-27, diakses tanggal 2018-01-28
- Tomlinson, Kathryn (2005), "Living Yesterday in Today and Tomorrow: Meskhetian Turks in Southern Russia", dalam Crossley, James G.; Karner, Christian (eds.), Writing History, Constructing Religion, Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 0-7546-5183-5.
- UNHCR (1999a), Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Azerbaijan (PDF), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- UNHCR (1999b), Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Georgia (PDF), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Wixman, Ronald (1984), The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 0-87332-506-0.
Referensi
sunting- Robert Conquest, The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities (London: Macmillan, 1970) (ISBN 0-333-10575-3)
- S. Enders Wimbush and Ronald Wixman, "The Meskhetian Turks: A New Voice in Central Asia," Canadian Slavonic Papers 27, Nos. 2 and 3 (Summer and Fall, 1975): 320-340
- Alexander Nekrich, The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978) (ISBN 0-393-00068-0).
- Emma Kh. Panesh and L. B. Ermolov (Translated by Kevin Tuite). Meskhetians. World Culture Encyclopedia. Accessed on September 1, 2007.