Lihat sumber Perang Saudara Lebanon

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict      = Perang Saudara Lebanon
| partof        = [[Perang Dingin]], [[Perang Dingin Arab]], [[konflik Arab-Israel]], dan [[konflik proksi Iran–Israel]]
| image         = {{multiple image|totalwidth=300px|perrow=1/2/2/1|border=infobox
| image1                          = Martyrs Square 1982.jpg
| image2                          =
| image3                          = USS New Jersey firing in Beirut, 1984.jpg
| image4                          = BombenanschlagUS-BotschaftBeirut.jpg
| image5                          = HolidayInnBeirut1990.png
| image6                          = FatehMilitia.jpg
}}
| image_size    = 300px
| caption       = '''Kiri ke kanan dari atas'''<br />Monumen di [[Alun-Alun Martir]] di kota [[Beirut]]; [[USS New Jersey (BB-62)|USS ''New Jersey'']] menembakkan salvo di lepas pantai Lebanon; Kedutaan Besar Amerika yang hancur di Beirut tak lama setelah [[Pengeboman kedutaan besar Amerika di Beirut tahun 1983|Pengeboman Hizbullah tahun 1983]]; [[Holiday Inn Beirut]] yang hancur tak lama setelah [[Pertempuran Hotel]]; aksi unjuk rasa Palestina mendukung [[Fatah]] di Beirut.
| date          = 13 April 1975 – 13 Oktober 1990{{#tag:ref|Pertempuran terakhir terjadi adalah [[Pertempuran Sidon (1991)]] pada tanggal 2-6 Juli 1991 antara pemerintah Lebanon dan [[Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina]] karena penolakan pemerintah Lebanon terhadap [[Perjanjian Taif]].|group="Note"}}<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=04|day1=13|year1=1975|month2=10|day2=13|year2=1990}})
| place         = Lebanon
| width         = 420px
| result        = *[[Perjanjian Taif]]
**Perwakilan Kristen dan Muslim di [[Parlemen Lebanon]] disesuaikan dari rasio 55:45 menjadi 50:50<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.c-r.org/downloads/Accord24_TheTaifAgreement.pdf|title=The Taif Agreement|access-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417041235/http://www.c-r.org/downloads/Accord24_TheTaifAgreement.pdf|archive-date=17 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**Kekuatan politik posisi [[Perdana Menteri Lebanon]] yang diperuntukkan bagi Muslim diperkuat di atas posisi [[Presiden Lebanon]] yang diperuntukkan bagi Kristen
**Pelucutan senjata semua milisi Lebanon dan non-Lebanon, kecuali [[Hizbullah]] yang didukung Iran<ref>Ranstorp, Magnus, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis'', New York, St. Martins Press, 1997, p. 105</ref>
*Berlanjutnya pertikaian antara Lebanon dan [[Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina]] (PLO)
**Pengusiran warga Palestina dari Lebanon setelah [[Pertempuran Sidon (1991)|Pertempuran Sidon]] pada tahun 1991
**Runtuhnya [[Negara Lebanon Merdeka]] yang didukung Israel pada tahun 1984 dan [[Pemerintahan sabuk keamanan Lebanon Selatan]] yang didukung Israel pada tahun 2000
**Pertempuran yang terus berlanjut antara Israel dan Hizbullah dalam [[Konflik Peternakan Shebaa 2000-2006|Konflik Peternakan Shebaa]], yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan [[Perang Lebanon 2006]].
*Dominasi [[Hizbullah|kekuatan bersenjata Hizbullah]] di seluruh Lebanon sejak tahun 1990
| territory     = *[[Pendudukan Suriah di Lebanon|Suriah menduduki Lebanon utara/timur]] hingga 30 April 2005
*[[Pendudukan Israel di Lebanon Selatan|Israel menduduki Lebanon Selatan]] hingga 25 Mei 2000
| combatant1    = {{Collapsible list
|title={{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg|border}} [[Front Lebanon]]
|1={{flagicon image|Flag of Kataeb Party.svg|size=22px}} [[Partai Kataeb]]
|2={{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg|size=22px}}[[Pasukan Lebanon (milisi)|Milisi Pasukan Lebanon]]
|3=[[Brigade Marada]] (hingga 1978)<br/>[[Guardians of the Cedars]]<br/>[[File:Al-Tanzim logo.png|22px|border]][[Al-Tanzim]]<br/>[[Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)]]<br/> [[Tyous Team of Commandos]]<br/>[[Zahliote Group]]<br/>[[Shuraya Party]]<br/>[[Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad)|Vanguard of the Maani Army (MDJ)]]<br/> (Other minor organizations)}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} [[Tentara Lebanon Merdeka]] (hingga 1977)<br/>{{flagicon image||22px}}{{br}}{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} [[Tentara Lebanon Selatan|SLA]] (dari 1978)<br/>{{flag|Israel}} (dari 1978)
----
[[File:Ahrar flag.gif|23px|border]]  [[Milisi Harimau]] (hingga 1980)
| combatant2    = {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Gerakan Nasional Lebanon]] 
(1975–1982)<br/>{{flagicon image|Lebanese National Resistance Front.jpg}}{{Collapsible list|
title=[[Lebanese National Resistance Front|Jammoul]] (1982–1990) 
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Mourabitoun.svg}} [[Al-Mourabitoun]]|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Progressive Socialist Party.svg}} [[Progressive Socialist Party]] (PSP)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lebanese Communist Party.svg}} [[Partai Komunis Lebanon]] (LCP)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg}} [[Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon]] (SSNP)|[[File:OACLsymbol.PNG|22px|border]] [[Communist Action Organization in Lebanon]] (OCAL)|{{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Lebanese Movement in Support of Fatah]] (LMSF)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region]]|{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Revolutionary Communist Group (Lebanon)|Revolutionary Communist Group]]|{{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Sixth of February Movement]]|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party]] (SALVP)<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Popular Nasserist Organization.svg|22px}} [[Popular Nasserist Organization]] (PNO)<br/>{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} [[Tentara Arab Lebanon]] (LAA)<br/>Seluruh Kelompok Minoritas
}}
{{flagdeco|PLO}} [[PLO]] (1975–83)<br/>
{{flagicon image|Flag of ASALA.png}} [[Angkatan Darat Rahasia Armenia untuk Pembebasan Armenia|ASALA]]
----
{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hizbullah]] (1985–1990)<br />
{{flag|Iran}} 
(dari tahun 1980, terutama [[Pengawal Revolusi Iran|IRGC]] dan [[Tentara Republik Islam Iran|Tentara]] unit paramiliter)<br />{{flagdeco|North Korea}} [[Korea Utara]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Hizballah-North Korean Nexus|url=https://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/journal/docs-temp/654-wege.pdf|website=Small Wals Journal}}</ref>
----
[[Islamic Unification Movement]] (dari 1982)
| combatant3    = {{flagdeco|Syria}} [[Suriah]] 
(1976, 1983–1991)<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg}} [[Gerakan Amal]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of Palestine.svg}} [[Palestinian National Salvation Front|PNSF]]<br/>[[Brigade Marada]] (meninggalkan LF pada tahun 1978; bersekutu dengan Suriah)
| combatant4    = {{flagdeco|Lebanon}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Lebanon]]
----
{{flagdeco|United Nations}} [[Pasukan Sementara Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa di Lebanon|UNIFIL]] (sejak 1978)<br/>[[Pasukan Multinasional di Lebanon]] (1982–1984)
*{{flagdeco|United States}} [[Amerika Serikat]]
*{{flagdeco|France}} [[Prancis]]
*{{flagdeco|Italy|1946}} [[Italia]]
----
{{flagdeco|Arab League}} [[Pasukan Penghadang Arab]] (1976–1982)<ref name="Mays">Mays, Terry M. Historical Dictionary of Multinational Peacekeeping. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996, pp. 9–10</ref>
{{Collapsible list
|title=
|1={{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}} [[Arab Saudi]]<br/>(1976–79)
|2={{flag|Sudan|size=22px}}<br/>(1976–79)
|3={{flagdeco|UAE|size=22px}} [[Uni Emirat Arab]]<br/>(1976–79)
|4={{flagicon image|Flag of Libya (1972–1977).svg}} [[Libya]]<br/>(hanya 1976)
|5={{flagdeco|South Yemen|size=22px}} [[Yaman Selatan]]<br/>(1976–77)}}
| commander1    = {{Flagicon image|Flag of Kataeb Party.svg}} [[Bachir Gemayel]]{{KIA}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of Kataeb Party.svg}} [[Amine Gemayel]]<br/>{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kataeb Party.svg}} [[William Hawi]]{{KIA}}<br/> {{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg}} [[Elie Hobeika]]<br />{{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg}} [[Samir Geagea]]<br/>[[Etienne Saqr]]<br/>[[File:Al-Tanzim logo.png|22px|border]] [[Georges Adwan]]<br/>{{flagicon image|}} [[Saad Haddad]] [[Death by natural causes|#]]<br/>{{flagicon image|}} [[Antoine Lahad]]<br/>{{flagdeco|Israel}} [[Menachem Begin]]<br/>{{flagdeco|Israel}} [[Ariel Sharon]]<br/>{{flagdeco|Israel}} [[Rafael Eitan]]<br/>{{flagdeco|Israel}} [[Avigdor Ben-Gal]]
----
[[File:Ahrar flag.gif|23px|border]] [[Dany Chamoun]]{{KIA}}
| commander2    = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Progressive Socialist Party.svg}} [[Kamal Jumblatt]]{{KIA}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Progressive Socialist Party.svg}} [[Walid Jumblatt]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg}} Inaam Raad<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg}} Abdallah Saadeh<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Assem Qanso]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lebanese Communist Party.svg}} [[George Hawi]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lebanese Communist Party.svg}} [[Elias Atallah]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Muhsin Ibrahim<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of Mourabitoun.svg}} [[Ibrahim Kulaylat]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Single_Color_Flag_-_0434B1.svg}} [[Ali Eid]]<br/>{{flagdeco|PLO}} [[Yasser Arafat]]<br/>{{flagdeco|PLO}} [[George Habash]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of ASALA.png}} [[Hagop Hagopian (militant)|Hagop Hagopian]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of ASALA.png}} [[Monte Melkonian]]
----
{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Subhi al-Tufayli]]<br/>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Abbas al-Musawi]]
----
Said Shaaban
| commander3    = {{flagdeco|Syria}} [[Hafez al-Assad]]<br/>{{flagdeco|Syria}} [[Mustafa Tlass]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg}} [[Nabih Berri]]<br/>[[Tony Frangieh]]{{KIA}}
| commander4    = {{flagdeco|Lebanon}} [[Michel Aoun]]{{br}}{{flagdeco|Lebanon}} [[Ibrahim Tannous]]
----
{{flagdeco |United Nations}} [[Emmanuel Erskine]]<br/>{{flagdeco |United Nations}} [[William O'Callaghan (Irish Army officer)|William O'Callaghan]]<br/>{{flagdeco|United Nations}} [[Gustav Hägglund]]<br/>{{flagdeco|United States}} Timothy J. Geraghty
| strength1     = {{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg|border}} 30,000 pasukan{{br}}{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} 3,000+ pasukan (AFL){{br}}{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} 5,000 pasukan (SLA){{br}}{{Flagdeco|Israel}} 78,000 pasukan
| strength2     = {{Flagdeco|Lebanon}} 18,700 pasukan (1975){{br}}{{Flagdeco|PLO}} 18,000 pasukan{{br}}{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} 4,400 pasukan (LAA)
| strength3     = {{flagdeco|Syria}} 25,000 pasukan (1976)<ref name="Mays"/>{{br}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg}} 16,000 pasukan
| strength4     = {{Flagdeco|Lebanon}} 50,000 pasukan
----------------------
{{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}} 1.200 pasukan<ref name="Mays"/><br/>{{flagdeco |Sudan|size=22px}} 1.000 pasukan<ref name="Mays"/><br/>{{flagdeco |UAE|size=22px}} 1.000 pasukan<ref name="Mays"/><br/>{{flagdeco |Libya|1972|size=22px}} 700 pasukan<ref name="Mays"/><br/>{{flagdeco |South Yemen|size=22px}} 700 pasukan<ref name="Mays"/>
| notes         = {{center|120.000-150.000 orang terbunuh<ref>''World Political Almanac'', 3rd ed., Chris Cook.</ref>}}
}}
'''Perang Saudara Lebanon''' ({{lang-ar|الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية}}) adalah perang saudara yang meletus di [[Lebanon]]. Perang ini berlangsung dari tahun 1975 hingga 1990 dan mengakibatkan 130.000 hingga 250.000 penduduk tewas.

Tidak ada konsensus di antara ahli dan peneliti mengenai apa yang menyebabkan Perang Saudara Lebanon. Keterlibatan Suriah, Israel, Amerika Serikat dan [[Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina]] memperburuk konflik. Setelah pertempuran berakhir sebentar pada tahun 1976 karena mediasi [[Liga Arab]] dan intervensi Suriah, perselisihan Palestina-Lebanon berlanjut, dengan pertempuran terpusat di [[Lebanon Selatan]].

==Catatan==
{{reflist|group="Note"}}

==Referensi==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* [http://users.ox.ac.uk/%7Eshehadi/contents.htm Center for Lebanese Study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050208141910/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~shehadi/contents.htm |date=2005-02-08 }}-Oxford University
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/791071.stm Country Profile: Lebanon]-BBC News
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/819200.stm Timeline: Lebanon A chronology of key events]-BBC News 14 February 2005
* [http://www.cedarland.org/war.html A detailed chronology on the Lebanese War] {{Webarchive|url=https://swap.stanford.edu/20091019081930/http%3A//www%2Ecedarland%2Eorg/war%2Ehtml |date=2009-10-19 }}-Cederland
* [http://www.nowlebanon.com NOW Lebanon - Resources and documentation]

[[Kategori:Perang saudara]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Lebanon]]


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