Pengguna:Andrean182/Bak Pasir/Bursa Windows: Perbedaan antara revisi

|{{smallcaps|mu'''lt'''um}}||''mu'''ch'''o''<br />''mu'''y'''''||''mu'''nch'''o''<br />''mu'''y'''''||''muito''<br />''mu'''i'''''||''mu'''nch'''u''<br />''mu'''i'''''||''moito''<br />''mo'''i'''''||''muito''<br />''mu'''i'''''&nbsp;(arch.)||''molt''||''molt''&nbsp;(arch.)||''moult''&nbsp;(arch.)||(''meda'')||''molto''||''mult''||'sangat,<br />banyak'

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Pada abad ke-15 dan 16, bahasa Spanyol melalui perubahan besar dalam pengucapan huruf mati sibilannya, dikenal dengan ''reajuste de las sibilantes'', yang menghasilkan velar [x] (seperti ''kh''usus) untuk huruf {{angle bracket|j}} dan—di banyak daerah di Spanyol—interdental [θ] (seperti ''ts''anawiyah) untuk huruf {{angle bracket|z}}, dan {{angle bracket|c}} sebelum {{angle bracket|e}} atau {{angle bracket|i}}.

== Tata bahasa ==

{{Main|Tata bahasa Spanyol}}

 

Bahasa Spanyol adalah bahasa yang terinfleksi, dengan sistem [[jenis kelamin kata]] ganda dan sekitar 50 bentuk ter[[konjugasi]] dari [[kata kerja]], tapi dengan infleksi dari [[kata benda]], [[kata sifat]], dan [[penentu (kebahasaan)]] yang terbatas pada jumlah dan [[jenis kelamin kata|jenis kelamin]]. (Lihat [[kata kerja bahasa Spanyol]]) [[Sintaks]] bahasa Spanyol bersistem pembatangan kanan, berarti bahwa sub-kata atau pemodifikasi biasa diletakkan setelah kata utama (seperti burung biru; burung = kata utama, biru = pemodifikasi). Bahasa ini menggunakan [[kata depan]] (daripada kata belakang atau infleksi kata benda untuk [[kasus (tata bahasa)|kasus]]), dan biasanya—meski tidak selalu—meletakkan [[kata sifat]] setelah [[kata benda]], begitu pun rata-rata bahasa Roman yang lain.

Banyak penutur bahasa Spanyol ada di [[Amerika Latin]]; dari semua negara dengan mayoritas penutur bahasa Spanyol, hanya [[Spanyol]] dan [[Guinea Khatulistiwa]] yang ada di luar [[Amerika]]. Secara nasional, bahasa Spanyol adalah bahasa resmi—antara ''[[de facto]]'' atau ''[[de jure]]''—dari [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]] (bersama [[bahasa Quechua|Quechua]], [[bahasa Aymara |Aymara]], [[bahasa Guarani |Guarani]], dan 34 bahasa lain), [[Chili]], [[Kolombia]], [[Kosta Rika]], [[Kuba]], [[Republik Dominika]], [[Ekuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Meksico]], [[Nikaragua]], [[Panama]], [[Paraguay]] (bersama [[bahasa Guarani |Guarani]]),<ref>[http://www.constitution.org/cons/paraguay.htm Constitución de la República del Paraguay], Article 140</ref> [[Peru]] (bersama [[bahasa Quechua|Quechua]], [[bahasa Aymara |Aymara]], dan "bahasa-bahasa lokal lain"<ref>[http://www.constitucionpoliticadelperu.com/ Constitución Política del Perú], Article 48</ref>), [[Uruguay]], dan [[Venezuela]]. Bahasa Spanyol bersama bahasa Inggris menjadi bahas resmi dari [[Puerto Riko]].<ref>{{cite news

|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE1D8163AF93AA15752C0A965958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fE%2fEnglish%20Language

 

Bahasa Spanyol tidak mempunyai status resmi di koloni Britania, [[Belize]]; namun, per sensus 2000, ia dituturkan oleh 43% warganya.<ref name="Belizecen">{{cite web

 

=== Africa ===

 

In [[Africa]], Spanish is official (along with Portuguese and French) in [[Equatorial Guinea]], as well as an official language of the [[African Union]]. In Equatorial Guinea, Spanish is the predominant language when native and non-native speakers (around 500,000 people) are counted, while [[Fang language|Fang]] is the most spoken language by number of native speakers.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Equatorial+Guinea |title= Equatorial Guinea (2000) |publisher=Ethnologue |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ek.html |title=CIA World Factbook - Equatorial Guinea | date = 20 September 2007 | publisher =CIA |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> However, Equatorial Guinea has historically had closer and longer ties with Portugal.

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Spanish is present on [[Easter Island]], as it was annexed as a Chilean province in 1888.

=== Association of Spanish Language Academies ===

{{main|Association of Spanish Language Academies}}

The Association of Spanish Language Academies (''Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española'', or ''ASALE'') is the entity which regulates the Spanish language. It was created in Mexico in 1951 and represents the union of all the separate academies in the Spanish-speaking world. It comprises the academies of 22 countries, ordered by date of Academy foundation: [[Real Academia Española|Spain]] (1713),<ref>{{cite web | location = Spain | url = http://www.rae.es/rae/gestores/gespub000001.nsf/voTodosporId/CEDF300E8D943D3FC12571360037CC94?OpenDocument&i=0 |title=Real Academia Española | publisher = RAE | accessdate = 2010-11-06}}</ref> [[Academia Colombiana de la Lengua|Colombia]] (1871),<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.asale.org/ASALE/ConAALEBD?IDDOC=30202&menu=2 | title= Academia Colombiana de la Lengua |language= Spanish | location = Colombia | accessdate= 2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua|Ecuador]] (1874),<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.asale.org/ASALE/ConAALEBD?IDDOC=30302&menu=2 | title= Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua |language= Spanish | location = Ecuador | accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Mexicana de la Lengua|Mexico]] (1875),<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.academia.org.mx/historia.php |title=Academia Mexicana de la Lengua | location = Mexico |date=2010-09-22 |accessdate= 2010-11-06}}</ref> [[Academia Salvadoreña de la Lengua|El Salvador]] (1876),<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.asl.org.sv/Informacion%20institucional.htm |title= Academia Salvadoreña de la Lengua | location = El Salvador | accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Venezolana de la Lengua|Venezuela]] (1883),<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.asale.org/ASALE/ConAALEBD?IDDOC=30602&menu=2 |title=Academia Venezolana de la Lengua |language= Spanish | location = Venezuela |accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Chilena de la Lengua|Chile]] (1885),<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.institutodechile.cl/lengua/resena.htm | title= Academia Chilena de la Lengua | location = Chile | accessdate=2010-11-06}}</ref> [[Academia Peruana de la Lengua|Peru]] (1887),<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.academiaperuanadelalengua.org/academia/historia |title=Academia Peruana de la Lengua | location = Peru | accessdate=2010-11-06}}</ref> [[Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua|Guatemala]] (1887),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asale.org/ASALE/ConAALEBD?IDDOC=30902&menu=2 |title=Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua | language= Spanish | location = Guatemala |accessdate= 2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Costarricense de la Lengua|Costa Rica]] (1923),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.acl.ac.cr/i_q.php | title= Academia Costarricense de la Lengua | location = Costa Rica | accessdate= 2010-11-06}}</ref> [[Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española|Philippines]] (1924),<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.asale.org/ASALE/ConAALEBD?IDDOC=31102&menu=2 |title= Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española | language = Spanish |publisher= Philippines |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Panameña de la Lengua|Panama]] (1926),<ref>{{cite web|url = http://apalengua.apalengua.org/historia |title= Academia Panameña de la Lengua | location = Panama | accessdate= 2010-11-06}}</ref> [[Academia Cubana de la Lengua|Cuba]] (1926),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acul.ohc.cu/ |title=Academia Cubana de la Lengua | location = Cuba | accessdate=2010-11-06}}</ref>

[[Academia Paraguaya de la Lengua Española|Paraguay]] (1927),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aparle.org/origenes.asp |title=Academia Paraguaya de la Lengua Española | location = Paraguay |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Dominicana de la Lengua|Dominican Republic]] (1927),<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.academia.org.do/content/blogsection/12/46/ | title= Academia Dominicana de la Lengua | location = República Dominicana | accessdate = 2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Boliviana de la Lengua|Bolivia]] (1927),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abolen.org/Historia.html |title=Academia Boliviana de la Lengua | location = Bolivia |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua|Nicaragua]] (1928),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asale.org/ASALE/ConAALEBD?IDDOC=31702&menu=2 |title=Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua |language= Spanish |publisher= Nicaragua | accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Argentina de Letras|Argentina]] (1931),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letras.edu.ar/ |title= Academia Argentina de Letras | location = Argentina |date = 2010-03-25 |accessdate= 2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Nacional de Letras, del Uruguay|Uruguay]] (1943),<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mec.gub.uy/academiadeletras/MarcoPrincipal.htm |title=Academia Nacional de Letras del Uruguay | location = Uruguay |date= |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Hondureña de la Lengua|Honduras]] (1949),<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.asale.org/ASALE/ConAALEBD?IDDOC=32002&menu=2 | title= Academia Hondureña de la Lengua | language = Spanish | location = Honduras | accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> [[Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española|Puerto Rico]] (1955),<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.academiapr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=35&Itemid=61 |title=Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española | location = Puerto Rico |date= |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> and [[North American Academy of the Spanish Language|United States]] (1973).<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.anle.us/ |title=Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española | location = United States | accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref>

** [[Spanish language in the Philippines|Spanish in the Philippines]]<ref>A First Spanish Reader, by Erwin W. Roessler and Alfred Remy</ref>

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