Françafrique: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Francophone Africa.svg|jmpl|ka|300px|{{legend|#006BA8|Negara Afrika yang biasa dianggap Francophone. Jumlah penduduknya mencapai 363 juta jiwa pada tahun 2013.<ref name="2013_data_sheet">{{cite web|url=http://www.prb.org/pdf13/2013-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf|title=2013 World Population Data Sheet|author=[[Population Reference Bureau]]|format=PDF|accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> Jumlah tersebut diperkirakan mencapai 785 juta<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2012_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.XLS|title=World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision|author=United Nations|format=XLS|accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> sampai 814 juta<ref name=2013_data_sheet /> pada tahun 2050.}} Bahasa Prancis adalah bahasa yang paling cepat berkembang di Afrika (bahasa resmi atau asing).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ledevoir.com/non-classe/69236/agora-la-francophonie-de-demain|title=Agora: La francophonie de demain|accessdate=13 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demographie.auf.org/IMG/pdf/BULLETIN_No_22.pdf |title=Bulletin de liaison du réseau démographie|accessdate=14 June 2011|archive-date=2012-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426011333/http://www.demographie.auf.org/IMG/pdf/BULLETIN_No_22.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

'''Françafrique''' ({{IPA-fr|fʁɑ̃safʁik}}) adalah hubungan [[Prancis]] dengan bekas koloninya di Afrika.<ref name="Steven Erlanger">{{cite news|author = Steven Erlanger|title = Rwandan Leader, in Paris, Seeks to Ease Tensions|newspaper = The New York Times|date = September 12, 2011|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/world/africa/13africa.html|access-date = 2015-05-24|archive-date = 2023-06-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230616132848/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/world/africa/13africa.html|dead-url = no}}</ref> Istilah ini pertama kali digunakan secara positif oleh Presiden [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] dari [[Côte d'Ivoire]], tetapi sekarang kadang digunakan untuk mengecam hubungan "neokolonial" antara Prancis dengan bekas koloninya. Lingkup pengaruh "Françafrique" sudah ada sejak zaman kolonisasi dan bergantung pada jaringan resmi dan bawah tanah. Sejak [[dekolonisasi Afrika|negara-negara Afrika merdeka]] tahun 1960, Prancis melakukan intervensi [[militer]] sebanyak 30 kali di Afrika.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20100714-1960-2010-50-ans-interventions-militaires-francaises-afrique |title=RFI -14 July 2010 – Olivier Fourt – 1960–2010, 50 ans d’interventions militaires françaises en Afrique] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2019-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111015739/http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20100714-1960-2010-50-ans-interventions-militaires-francaises-afrique |dead-url=no }}</ref> Fenomena ini terjadi di bekas [[koloni Prancis]] seperti [[Republik Kongo]] dan negara-negara penutur bahasa Prancis lain seperti [[Burundi]] dan [[Rwanda]]; fenomena ini juga dapat dijumpai di negara yang bukan penutur bahasa Prancis seperti [[Guinea Khatulistiwa]]. Prancis memiliki [[pangkalan militer]] di [[Gabon]],<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/gabon/dossier/les-forces-francaises-au-gabon |title=French Ministry of Defence – Les Forces françaises au Gabon] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603033110/https://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/gabon/dossier/les-forces-francaises-au-gabon |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[Senegal]],<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/senegal/dossier/les-elements-francais-au-senegal |title=French Ministry of Defence – Les Éléments français au Sénégal] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609183157/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/senegal/dossier/les-elements-francais-au-senegal |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[Djibouti]],<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/djibouti/dossier/les-forces-francaises-stationnees-a-Djibouti |title=French Ministry of Defence – Les forces françaises stationnées à Djibouti] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2018-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809161752/https://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/djibouti/dossier/les-forces-francaises-stationnees-a-djibouti |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[Mayotte]], dan [[Réunion]].<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/la-reunion-mayotte/dossier/les-forces-armees-en-zone-sud-de-l-ocean-indien |title=French Ministry of Defence – Les Forces armées en zone sud de l'Océan Indien] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325114216/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/la-reunion-mayotte/dossier/les-forces-armees-en-zone-sud-de-l-ocean-indien |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[Angkatan Darat Prancis]] diterjunkan di [[Mali]],<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/mali |title=French Ministry of Defence – Mali] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2013-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923075840/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/mali |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[Chad]],<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/tchad/dossier/les-elements-francais-au-tchad-eft |title=French Ministry of Defence – Les éléments français au Tchad (EFT)] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2013-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923075932/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/tchad/dossier/les-elements-francais-au-tchad-eft |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[Republik Afrika Tengah]],<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/autres-operations/operation-boali-rca/dossier/les-forces-francaises-en-republique-centrafricaine |title=French Ministry of Defence – Les forces françaises en République Centrafricaine] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2022-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208170138/https://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/autres-operations/operation-boali-rca/dossier/les-forces-francaises-en-republique-centrafricaine |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[Somalia,]]<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/piraterie/dossier/operation-eu-navfor-somalie-atalante-lutte-contre-la-piraterie |title=French Ministry of Defence – Opération EU NAVFOR Somalie / Atalante – Lutte contre la piraterie] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2023-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606134929/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/piraterie/dossier/operation-eu-navfor-somalie-atalante-lutte-contre-la-piraterie |dead-url=no }}</ref> dan [[Pantai Gading]].<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/cote-d-ivoire/dossier/les-forces-francaises-en-cote-d-ivoire |title=French Ministry of Defence – Les forces françaises en Côte d'Ivoire] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2023-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311054413/https://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/cote-d-ivoire/dossier/les-forces-francaises-en-cote-d-ivoire |dead-url=no }}</ref> Dari sudut pandang kritis, istilah "Françafrique" sering digunakan di media masa kini<ref>oleh [[Le Monde]], [[Libération (jurnal)|Libération]] atau [[L'Express (Prancis)|L'Express]]</ref> untuk menjelaskan hubungan ekonomi dan diplomatik yang rumit antara Prancis dengan bekas koloninya yang kadang dipandang sebagai [[negara boneka]]. Sejumlah pengamat mempertanyakan apakah "Françafrique" masih ada<ref>Samuël Foutoyet, ''Nicolas Sarkozy ou la Françafrique décomplexée'', Tribord, 2009, p. 11 (French)</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20100216-50-years-later-francafrique-alive-and-well |title=50 years later, Françafrique is alive and well – Christophe Boisbouvier – 16 February 2010 – RFI English] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231311/http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20100216-50-years-later-francafrique-alive-and-well |dead-url=no }}</ref> atau tidak di era pemerintahan [[Nicolas Sarkozy]].<ref>Reconnaissons que l'Elysée rompt avec la « Françafrique », article by Venance Konan, Le Monde, 16 avril 2011 (French)</ref> Sejak 2012, banyak pengamat yang membahas "kembalinya Françafrique" pada masa pemerintahan [[François Hollande]].<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/opinion/global/the-return-of-francafrique.html?_r=0 |title=The New York Times – The Return of Françafrique – PIERRE HASKI – 21 July 2013] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616211112/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/opinion/global/the-return-of-francafrique.html?_r=0 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201303112358-0022603 |title=Al Jazeera – Ending 'Francafrique' – 12 March 2013] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2013-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922170758/http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201303112358-0022603 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pada 14 Juli 2013, tentara dari 13 negara Afrika melakukan pawai bersama militer Prancis pada parade Hari Bastille di Paris untuk pertama kalinya sejak tentara kolonial Prancis dibubarkan.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20130714-france-live-watch-bastille-day-celebrations-paris/ |title=France24 - African troops march with French for Bastille Day - 14 July 2013] |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-date=2017-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425070225/http://www.france24.com/en/20130714-france-live-watch-bastille-day-celebrations-paris |dead-url=no }}</ref>

* ''[http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/specialseries/2013/08/201387113131914906.html The French African Connection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316030054/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/specialseries/2013/08/201387113131914906.html |date=2015-03-16 }} (2013)'', seri dokumenter 3 bagian oleh [[Al Jazeera]]

* ''[http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/specialseries/2013/08/201387113131914906.html The French African Connection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316030054/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/specialseries/2013/08/201387113131914906.html |date=2015-03-16 }} (2013)'', 3 part documentary series by [[Al Jazeera]]

* [http://survie.org/article.php3?id_article=535 François-Xavier Verschave about what Françafrique means.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806185951/https://survie.org/article.php3?id_article=535 |date=2020-08-06 }}(English)

* [http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20100216-50-years-later-francafrique-alive-and-well 50 years later Françafrique is alive and well] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231311/http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20100216-50-years-later-francafrique-alive-and-well |date=2016-03-03 }} Christophe Boisbouvier, Radio France Internationale (English)

* [http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20100212-africa-50-years-independence Africa: 50 years of independence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201630/http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20100212-africa-50-years-independence |date=2016-03-03 }} Radio France Internationale (English)

* [http://diplomatofthefuture.blogspot.com/2007/03/france-out-of-africa-new-look-thus.html French foreign policy in Africa: between pré carré and multilateralism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407141844/http://diplomatofthefuture.blogspot.com/2007/03/france-out-of-africa-new-look-thus.html |date=2022-04-07 }} by Sylvain Touati (English)