Iklim Indonesia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 10:
Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi iklim Indonesia bukan merupakan suhu udara ataupun tekanan udara, melainkan curah hujan. Rerata kelembapan di wilayah Indonesia berkisar pada angka 65% hingga 90%. Kecepatan angin di sekitar wilayah Indonesia adalah sedang dengan arah angin yang dapat diprediksi sebagai akibat pergerakan [[angin muson]], yaitu angin muson timur yang bertiup dari arah tenggara pada bulan Mei hingga September dan angin muson barat yang bertiup dari arah barat dan barat laut pada bulan November hingga Maret.
Terdapat beberapa jenis iklim yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia, yaitu sebagian besar
== Muson ==
Pergerakan angin muson sangat berpengaruh terhadap intensitas curah hujan di sebagian besar wilayah [[Indonesia]]. Pada umumnya, angin muson barat yang membawa banyak uap air bergerak dari arah barat dan barat laut Indonesia pada bulan November hingga Maret, sehingga terjadilah musim penghujan; angin muson timur yang bersifat kering bergerak dari arah tenggara Indonesia pada bulan Mei hingga September, sehingga terjadilah musim kemarau. Akan tetapi, pola angin muson ini juga dapat berubah sebagai akibat dari adanya pola arah angin lokal, terutama di wilayah [[kepulauan Maluku]]. Pola angin tahunan yang berosilasi ini berkaitan erat dengan posisi [[Indonesia]] yang merupakan ''[[:en:Isthmus|isthmus]]'' atau [[tanah genting]] yang menjadi penghubung antara dua benua, yakni [[Asia]] dan [[Australia]]. Pada bulan Oktober hingga Maret, tekanan udara yang tinggi terjadi di [[Gurun Gobi]] dan menyebabkan pergerakan angin muson dari daratan Asia menuju arah Australia yang bertekanan udara rendah, karena melewati [[
== Angin umum ==
Pola angin umum<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2929/1/Kamus%20Klimatologi%20Dept%20Pendidikan%20dan%20Kebudayaan%20%20-%20%20149h.pdf|title=Kamus Istilah Klimatologi|accessdate=26 Oktober 2019}}</ref> yang berinteraksi dengan kondisi topografi lokal menghasilkan variasi curah hujan yang signifikan di seluruh [[Nusantara|kepulauan Indonesia]]. Umumnya, wilayah barat dan utara Indonesia mengalami tingkat presipitasi yang tinggi, karena wilayah tersebut merupakan wilayah pertama yang mendapatkan curah hujan akibat angin muson barat. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari rerata curah hujan sebesar 2000 milimeter per tahun serta tingkat kelembapan yang lebih tinggi di wilayah [[Pulau
== Suhu udara ==
Baris 22:
== Grafik iklim kota-kota Indonesia ==
=== Sumatra ===
{{Climate chart
|[[Banda Aceh]], [[
|23.1|28.8|
|23.7|29.8|
|24.2|31.0|
|24.6|32.0|
|25.2|32.0|
|25.6|32.3|
|24.9|32.1|
|24.8|31.9|
|24.5|31.1|
|23.5|30.5|
|22.8|28.9|
|22.4|27.9|
|source =
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{{Climate chart
|[[Medan]], [[
|21.6|29.4|
|21.7|30.6|
|22.2|31.1|
|23.0|31.6|
|22.8|32.0|
|22.6|31.7|
|22.3|31.7|
|22.2|31.6|
|22.2|31.0|
|22.2|30.0|
|22.1|30.0|
|22.0|29.4|
|source =
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{{Climate chart
|[[Padang]], [[
|23.3|30.6|
|24.4|31.7|
|23.9|31.7|
|23.9|31.7|
|23.9|32.2|
|23.9|32.2|
|23.3|31.7|
|23.3|32.2|
|23.9|32.2|
|23.9|31.7|
|23.9|31.1|
|23.9|30.6|
|source =
|float=left
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}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Pekanbaru]], [[
|23.0|30.0|
|23.0|31.0|
|23.0|31.0|
|23.0|31.0|
|23.0|32.0|
|22.0|32.0|
|22.0|31.0|
|22.0|32.0|
|23.0|32.0|
|23.0|31.0|
|23.0|31.0|
|23.0|30.0|
|source =
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{{Climate chart
|[[
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|source = BMKG<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cdn.bmkg.go.id/web/BukuPMK22_ver.dig_.pdf | title = Normal Curah Hujan Kota Tanjung Pinang}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=19069&units= | title = Iklim Kota Tanjung Pinang}}</ref>
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{{Climate chart
|[[Kota
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{{Climate chart
|[[Kota Bengkulu|Bengkulu]], [[Provinsi Bengkulu|Bengkulu]]
|22.
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|22.
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|source = BMKG<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cdn.bmkg.go.id/web/BukuPMK22_ver.dig_.pdf | title = Normal Curah Hujan Kota Bengkulu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/bengkulu/bengkulu-972211/ | title = Iklim Kota Bengkulu}}</ref>
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}}
{{Climate chart
|[[
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|source = BMKG<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cdn.bmkg.go.id/web/BukuPMK22_ver.dig_.pdf | title = Normal Curah Hujan Kota Palembang}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/764268/ | title=Iklim Kota Palembang}}</ref>
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}}
{{Climate chart
|[[
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{{Climate chart
|[[
|23.3|
|23.3|
|23.3|
|23.9|
|23.9|31.
|23.3|31.
|22.8|
|22.8|31.
|22.9|32.1|
|23.3|
|23.3|
|23.3|
|source = BMKG<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cdn.bmkg.go.id/web/BukuPMK22_ver.dig_.pdf | title = Normal Curah Hujan Kota Bandar Lampung}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/lampung/lampung-town-4812/ | title = Kota Bandar Lampung}}</ref>
|float=left
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}}
{{clear}}
=== Jawa ===
{{Climate chart
|[[Serang]], [[Banten]]
|23.4|30.6|301.7
|23.4|30.6|269.3
|23.4|31.4|168.4
|23.5|32.0|144.1
|23.3|32.2|112.5
|22.8|32.0|73.1
|22.1|31.8|67.6
|22.3|32.0|52.1
|22.3|32.6|57.5
|22.9|32.8|97.4
|23.3|32.1|141.8
|23.4|31.1|170.5
|source = BMKG<ref>{{cite web | url = https://iklimbantendki.id/images/rataunsurcuaca/Serang.jpeg | title = Data iklim Kota Serang | access-date = 2022-06-26 | archive-date = 2021-06-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210611041539/https://iklimbantendki.id/images/rataunsurcuaca/Serang.jpeg | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
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}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Jakarta]]
|23.3|28.9|363
|23.3|29.9|323
|23.3|30.4|191
|23.9|31.0|153
|23.9|31.6|110
|23.3|31.0|75
|22.8|31.0|66
|22.8|31.6|53
|22.9|32.1|61
|23.3|32.1|111
|23.3|31.6|124
|23.3|29.5|196
|source = BMKG<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.staklimtangsel.id/images/rataunsurcuaca/rataunsurcuaca10.jpg | title = Data Iklim DKI Jakarta}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Bandung]], [[
|19.5|27.1|
|19.2|27.3|
|19.2|27.9|
|19.2|28.3|
|19.0|28.4|
|17.5|28.0|
|17.0|28.0|
|17.0|28.6|
|17.4|29.2|
|18.3|29.2|
|18.8|28.3|
|19.3|27.9|
|source =
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}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Semarang]], [[
|24.0|29.1|399
|24.2|29.3|298
Baris 234 ⟶ 273:
|25.1|31.3|204
|24.3|30.2|278
|source =
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}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Kota Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]], [[
|22.8|29.8|399
|22.8|30.3|298
Baris 252 ⟶ 291:
|23.0|30.7|204
|21.9|30.1|278
|source =
|float=left
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}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Surabaya]], [[
|24.8|33.6|
|24.7|33.5|
|24.8|34.0|
|25.5|34.1|
|24.9|34.6|
|23.3|34.0|
|22.3|33.4|
|22.4|33.6|
|22.9|34.4|
|24.1|35.2|
|25.8|35.2|
|25.6|34.2|
|source =
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}}
{{clear}}
=== Bali & Nusa Tenggara ===
{{Climate chart
|[[Denpasar]], [[
|24.1|33.0|
|24.2|33.4|
|24.0|33.6|
|24.8|34.4|
|24.1|33.1|
|23.5|31.4|
|22.5|29.6|
|22.9|30.4|
|23.0|31.4|
|23.7|33.6|
|23.5|33.3|
|23.5|32.7|
|source =
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}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Kota Mataram|Mataram]], [[
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|source = BMKG<ref>{{citeweb | url = http://iklim.ntb.bmkg.go.id/climagraph-curah-hujan | title = Normal Curah Hujan Kota Mataram}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://iklim.ntb.bmkg.go.id/climagraph-temperatur | title = Normal Suhu Udara}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Kota Kupang|Kupang]], [[
|22.8|30.5|
|23.2|30.6|
|22.4|30.7|
|21.7|31.3|
|21.0|31.1|
|20.1|30.3|
|19.4|29.7|
|19.8|30.2|
|20.9|31.3|
|22.7|32.1|
|22.8|31.2|
|22.6|31.0|
|source =
|float=left
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}}
{{clear}}
=== Kalimantan ===
{{Climate chart
|[[Pontianak]], [[
|23.1|30.8|
|23.5|31.8|
|24.0|32.4|
|23.8|32.0|
|23.7|32.3|
|23.6|31.9|
|23.1|31.9|
|23.7|32.2|
|24.3|33.2|
|23.7|31.9|
|23.6|31.1|
|23.4|30.8|
|source =
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Palangkaraya]], [[
|22.2|29.3|
|22.7|30.0|
|23.0|30.4|
|23.0|30.9|
|22.9|31.0|
|22.4|30.7|
|22.3|31.3|
|22.6|31.7|
|23.0|32.3|
|22.7|31.5|
|22.6|30.8|
|22.4|30.1|
|source =
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Banjarmasin]], [[
|22.2|29.2|
|22.6|30.0|
|23.6|31.0|
|23.9|32.1|
|22.8|31.1|
|22.0|30.9|
|21.9|31.5|
|22.1|32.3|
|23.3|33.6|
|24.3|34.2|
|23.5|32.1|
|22.7|30.2|
|source =
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Balikpapan]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]
|23.1|29.9|228
|23.0|30.2|214
|23.1|31.2|247
|23.4|32.1|240
|23.7|31.1|209
|23.6|29.9|188
|23.0|29.0|157
|23.4|30.1|113
|23.9|31.6|117
|23.7|32.2|145
|23.4|31.2|210
|23.3|30.9|242
|source = BMKG<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cdn.bmkg.go.id/web/BukuPMK22_ver.dig_.pdf | title = Normal Curah Hujan Kota Balikpapan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=33669&units= | title = Data iklim Kota Balikpapan}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Samarinda]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]
|22.8|30.0|203
|23.5|31.5|170
|23.8|32.5|208
|24.3|32.6|214
|23.9|31.9|221
|23.6|30.9|187
|23.0|30.8|197
|23.4|31.3|143
|23.9|32.1|124
|24.3|32.8|136
|24.1|32.3|172
|23.7|31.4|169
|source = BMKG<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cdn.bmkg.go.id/web/BukuPMK22_ver.dig_.pdf | title = Normal Curah Hujan Kota Samarinda}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/east-kalimantan/samarinda-46950/ | title = Data iklim Kota Samarinda}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Tarakan]], [[Kalimantan Utara]]
|22.7|29.7|251
|22.7|29.6|203
|23.1|29.9|238
|23.2|30.2|253
|23.3|30.5|285
|22.8|30.2|257
|22.8|30.5|233
|22.7|30.7|248
|23.7|30.6|227
|23.9|30.9|291
|23.5|30.5|292
|23.1|30.0|294
|source = BMKG<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cdn.bmkg.go.id/web/BukuPMK22_ver.dig_.pdf | title = Normal Curah Hujan Kota Tarakan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/east-kalimantan/tarakan-714939/ | title = Tabel iklim Kota Tarakan}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{clear}}
=== Sulawesi ===
{{Climate chart
|[[Makassar]], [[Sulawesi Selatan]]
|23.0|30.7|671
|23.4|31.0|556
|23.0|31.3|408
|22.8|32.0|175
|22.8|32.5|101
|21.7|33.1|67
|20.9|33.4|37
|20.4|34.3|14
|20.9|34.8|25
|21.8|34.6|56
|22.9|33.5|213
|23.0|31.3|552
|source = [https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/south-sulawesi/makassar-3646/] & [https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indonesia/makassar-climate]
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Palu]], [[Sulawesi Tengah]]
|22.9|30.3|101
|23.0|30.5|88
|23.1|30.7|90
|23.1|30.8|102
|23.8|31.1|130
|23.1|30.2|164
|22.0|29.4|158
|22.5|30.8|157
|22.9|30.9|147
|23.3|32.1|109
|23.1|31.3|110
|23.0|30.8|76
|source = [https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/central-sulawesi/palu-3638/ Informasi iklim Kota Palu]
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Manado]], [[Sulawesi Utara]]
|24.1|30.4|452
|24.2|30.4|353
|24.4|30.9|304
|24.5|30.9|218
|24.9|31.0|179
|24.8|31.2|176
|24.8|31.6|133
|24.7|31.8|111
|24.6|31.7|106
|24.4|30.9|141
|24.4|30.7|243
|24.3|30.0|264
|source = [https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/north-sulawesi/manado-3901/ Data iklim Kota Manado]
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Kendari]], [[Sulawesi Tenggara]]
|23.6|32.5|233
|23.6|33.4|221
|24.6|33.4|221
|24.7|32.2|207
|23.8|31.6|188
|23.2|30.8|107
|22.5|29.4|96
|23.3|30.2|82
|23.5|31.8|100
|24.9|33.4|160
|24.8|33.6|175
|23.9|32.3|191
|source = [https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/southeast-sulawesi/kendari-984253/] & [https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indonesia/kendari-climate]
|float=left
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}}
=== Kepulauan Maluku ===
{{Climate chart
|[[Ambon]], [[Maluku]]
|24.1|31.9|118
|24.0|30.9|126
|23.9|30.8|136
|23.7|30.0|261
|23.2|28.6|508
|23.0|27.8|622
|23.1|27.1|587
|23.2|27.5|405
|23.3|29.2|248
|23.7|29.6|148
|23.9|30.8|130
|24.0|31.9|103
|source = [https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/maluku/ambon-3614/ Data iklim Kota Ambon]
|float = left
|clear = none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Ternate]], [[Maluku Utara]]
|22.2|30.4|200
|22.2|30.5|186
|22.3|30.4|183
|22.6|31.2|225
|22.7|30.9|244
|22.5|30.6|210
|22.3|30.3|158
|22.6|31.0|127
|22.7|30.9|125
|21.9|30.2|140
|21.9|30.5|197
|21.8|29.1|204
|source = [https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/north-maluku/ternate-47204/ Tabel iklim Kota Ternate]
|float = left
|clear = none
}}
{{clear}}
=== Papua ===
{{Climate chart
|[[Sorong]], [[Papua Barat]]
|24.4|30.6|194
|24.5|31.5|180
|25.6|31.7|198
|25.5|31.5|243
|24.5|30.6|368
|24.3|30.0|373
|23.9|29.4|321
|23.4|29.5|277
|24.3|29.9|234
|24.4|30.7|207
|24.6|31.6|186
|24.5|30.8|188
|source = [https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/punjab/sorong-51378/ Data iklim Kota Sorong]
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{Climate chart
|[[Manokwari]], [[Papua Barat]]
|21.9|29.9|264
|22.2|30.6|247
|22.6|30.6|296
|22.5|30.0|304
|22.3|30.1|210
|22.1|29.7|198
|21.8|29.3|160
|21.6|29.4|167
|22.7|29.8|140
|22.9|30.5|122
|22.1|31.5|141
|22.1|30.8|266
|source = [https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/punjab/manokwari-764298/ Informasi iklim Kota Manokwari]
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{climate chart
|[[Kabupaten Merauke|Merauke]], [[Indonesia]]
| 23.1 | 31.3 | 265
| 23.3 | 30.5 | 276
| 23.2 | 30.6 | 253
| 23.9 | 31.5 | 180
| 22.4 | 30.7 | 93
| 21.1 | 29.5 | 41
| 20.2 | 28.9 | 19
| 20.5 | 29.8 | 8
| 21.5 | 30.7 | 16
| 22.8 | 31.3 | 45
| 22.4 | 31.8 | 87
| 23.1 | 31.7 | 198
|source= [https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_979800_kt.pdf Tabel Iklim Merauke]
|float=left
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Baris 392 ⟶ 661:
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|}}
[[Kategori:Iklim]]
Baris 398 ⟶ 667:
[[Kategori:Geografi Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Lingkungan hidup di Indonesia]]
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