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== Penulis ==
Karya ini ditulis dalam bahasa Latin pada atau segera setelah 840 M oleh penulis anonim yang secara konvensional disebut Astronomus, Astronomer atau kadang-kadang '''Astronomer Limousin'''. Hal ini disebabkan oleh banyak komentar rinci tentang hal-hal [[astronomi]] dalam karya di atasnya ia menggambarkan dirinya sebagai "orang yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang hal ini."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vita Hludovici|last=The Astronomer|pages=58.1}}</ref>  Dia memegang jabatan di istana Louis yang saleh, dan budaya dan agamanya. referensi menunjukkan bahwa dia bukan seorang gerejawan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vita Hludovici|last=The Astronomer|pages=Prologue 1}}</ref>  Telah diduga, berdasarkan bukti dalam teks, bahwa penulis lahir sekitar 800 M dan bahwa kewarganegaraannya bukan [[Goth]] atau [[Suku Franka|Franka]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Son of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious|url=https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7|last=Cabaniss|first=A.|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=1961|isbn=978-0-8156-2031-0|location=Syracuse|pages=1–2[https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7/page/n16 1]–2}}</ref>
 
Sikap penulis terhadap subjeknya jelas merupakan bawahan dan suatu kekaguman, namun ia tidak mengidealisasi Ludwig dengan cara yang sama seperti, misalnya, Einhard dalam bukunya Life ofKehidupan Charlemagne. Telah disarankan bahwa penulis menunjukkan tingkat ketidaksetujuan terhadap [[rohaniwan]]  dan cara kerja Gereja Franka, memberikan bobot pada pandangan bahwa dia tidak secara resmi terhubung dengan Gereja.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Son of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious|url=https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7|last=Cabaniss|first=A.|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=1961|isbn=978-0-8156-2031-0|location=Syracuse|page=[https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7/page/n19 4]}}</ref>  Namun demikian, ide-ide terbaru yang paling populer (lihat di bawah) mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai seorang ulama.
 
=== Identifikasi ===
[[Berkas:Denier_Louis_le_Pieux.jpg|ka|jmpl|250x250px|Denarius Ludwig (20mm, 1.65 g, 1h). Mint tidak pasti. Di cetak 822-840 M. <br />
'''Depan''': HLVDOVVICVS IMP, salib; pelet di setiap kuartal. <br />
'''Reverse''': XPISTIANA RELIGIO, kuil; lintas di sekeliling.]]
Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi penulis dengan individu tertentu. Pada tahun 1729, Von Eckhart mengira dia adalah notaris yang melekat pada istana Ludwig antara tahun 816 dan 839. Von Simson pada tahun 1909 berusaha untuk mengidentifikasi dia sebagai Diaken Agung Gerolt, seorang rohaniwan di istana.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Uses of the Past in the Early Middle Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/usesofpastinearl00heny|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-63998-0|editor-last=Yitzak Hen and Matthew Innes|location=Cambridge}}</ref>  Max Buchner, penulis salah satu studi modern paling berpengaruh dari karya Astronom pada tahun 1940, mengidentifikasi dia sebagai Hilduin, kanselir [[Pippin II]] dan [[Karl yang Botak]].<ref name="Ganz 1997 208">{{Cite journal|last=Ganz|first=David|year=1997|title=Review: Ernst Tremp "Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs (Gesta Hludowici imeratoris). Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs (Vita Hludowici imperatoris) "|url=http://francia.digitale-sammlungen.de/Blatt_bsb00016301,00218.html|journal=Francia|volume=24|issue=1|page=208|access-date=2009-03-27}}</ref>
 
Ernst Tremp mendukung pandangan ini dalam penelitiannya yang penting pada tahun 1995, meskipun Buchner dan Tremp berbeda sekitar satu dekade dalam penanggalan pekerjaan mereka.<ref>{{Cite journal|lastname="Ganz|first=David|year= 1997|title=Review: Ernst Tremp 208"Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs (Gesta Hludowici imeratoris). Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs (Vita Hludowici imperatoris) "|url=http://francia.digitale-sammlungen.de/Blatt_bsb00016301,00218.html|journal=Francia|volume=24|issue=1|page=208|access-date=2009-03-27}}</ref> Tischler baru-baru ini mencoba membuat kasus bahwa Astronomer adalah Jonas d'Orléans tetapi teori Hilduin tetap lebih populer di kalangan sejarahwan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ganz|first=David|year=2003|title=Review: M. Tischler "Einharts 'Vita Karoli'. Studien zur Entstehung"|url=http://francia.digitale-sammlungen.de/Blatt_bsb00016307,00325.html|journal=Francia|volume=30|issue=1|page=314|access-date=2009-03-27}}</ref> Baru-baru ini, Courtney Booker menyarankan Walafrid Strabo adalah Astronomer.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Past Convictions: The Penance of Louis the Pious and the Decline of the Carolingians|url=https://archive.org/details/pastconvictionsp0000book|last=Booker|first=C.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8122-4168-6|location=Philadelphia|page=[https://archive.org/details/pastconvictionsp0000book/page/293 293], n. 129}}</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 24:
== Daftar pustaka ==
 
* {{Cite book|title=Past Convictions: The Penance of Louis the Pious and the Decline of the Carolingians|url=https://archive.org/details/pastconvictionsp0000book|last=Booker|first=C.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8122-4168-6|location=Philadelphia}}
 
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Past Convictions: The Penance of Louis the Pious and the Decline of the Carolingians</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Booker</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">C.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">University of Pennsylvania Press</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2009</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-0-8122-4168-6</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Philadelphia</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, &quot;"lastn&quot;" to &quot;"firstn&quot;" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Booker</div></div></div></div>
* {{Cite journal|last=Buchner|first=Max|year=1940|title=Entstehungszeit und Verfasser der "Vita Hludowici" des "Astronomus"|journal=Historisches Jahrbuch|language=German|volume=60|pages=14–45}} CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]]) <div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a bookmagazine or journal, using the provided bibliographicsource information (suche.g. asjournal name, author and, title), asissue, wellURL) asand various formatting options.">Cite bookjournal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="titlelast" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">TitleLast name</span><span data-key="titlelast" title="The titlesurname of the bookauthor; displaysdon't inwikilink, italicsuse 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="titlelast" style="position: relative;">Son of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the PiousBuchner</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="lastfirst" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">LastFirst name</span><span data-key="lastfirst" title="TheGiven surnameor first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="lastfirst" style="position: relative;">CabanissMax</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="firstyear" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">FirstYear nameof publication</span><span data-key="firstyear" title="GivenYear orof firstthe name,source middlebeing names,referenced; orrecommended initialsonly ofwhen thedate author;parameter don'tformat wikilink,is useYYYY-MM-DD 'authorlink'; can suffix withand a numeralCITEREF todisambiguator addis additional authorsneeded" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="firstyear" style="position: relative;">A.1940</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publishertitle" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PublisherTitle</span><span data-key="publishertitle" title="NameThe title of the publisherarticle; displayscan afterbe titlewikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publishertitle" style="position: relative;">SyracuseEntstehungszeit Universityund PressVerfasser der "Vita Hludowici" des "Astronomus"</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="yearjournal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publicationJournal</span><span data-key="yearjournal" title="YearName of the source being referencedjournal; usemay 'date'be instead,wikilinked; ifdisplays monthin anditalics; dayalias are alsoof known'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="yearjournal" style="position: relative;">1961Historisches Jahrbuch</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbnlanguage" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBNLanguage</span><span data-key="isbnlanguage" title="InternationalThe Standardlanguage Bookin Numberwhich the source is written, if not English; use the 13-digitfull ISBNlanguage wherename; do not use icons or possibletemplates" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbnlanguage" style="position: relative;">978-0-8156-2031-0German</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="locationvolume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publicationVolume</span><span data-key="locationvolume" title="GeographicalFor place ofone publication; usuallypublished not wikilinked; omit when the publication namein includesseveral placevolumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="locationvolume" style="position: relative;">Syracuse60</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authorspages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors listPages</span><span data-key="authorspages" title="ListPages ofin authorsthe assource athat freesupport formthe list.content Use(not an indication of thisthe parameternumber isof discouraged,pages &quot;lastn&quot;in tothe &quot;firstn&quotsource; aredisplays preferable.after Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authorspages" style="position: relative;">Cabaniss14–45</div></div></div></div>▼
* {{Cite journal|last=Buchner|first=Max|year=1940|title=Entstehungszeit und Verfasser der "Vita Hludowici" des "Astronomus"|journal=Historisches Jahrbuch|language=German|volume=60|pages=14–45}} CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]]) [[Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language]]
* {{Cite book|title=Son of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious|url=https://archive.org/details/sonofcharlemagne0000unse_x8z7|last=Cabaniss|first=A.|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=1961|isbn=978-0-8156-2031-0|location=Syracuse}}▼
 
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal,book using the provided sourcebibliographic information (e.g.such journal name,as author, and title,) issue,as URL)well andas various formatting options.">Cite journalbook</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="lasttitle" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last nameTitle</span><span data-key="lasttitle" title="The surnametitle of the authorbook; don'tdisplays wikilink,in use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authorsitalics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="lasttitle" style="position: relative;">BuchnerSon of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="firstlast" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">FirstLast name</span><span data-key="firstlast" title="GivenThe or first name, middle names, or initialssurname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="firstlast" style="position: relative;">MaxCabaniss</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="yearfirst" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">YearFirst of publicationname</span><span data-key="yearfirst" title="YearGiven ofor thefirst sourcename, beingmiddle referenced;names, recommendedor onlyinitials whenof datethe parameterauthor; formatdon't iswikilink, YYYY-MM-DDuse and'authorlink'; can suffix with a CITEREFnumeral disambiguatorto isadd neededadditional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="yearfirst" style="position: relative;">1940A.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="titlepublisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">TitlePublisher</span><span data-key="titlepublisher" title="The titleName of the articlepublisher; candisplays beafter wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes.title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="titlepublisher" style="position: relative;">EntstehungszeitSyracuse undUniversity Verfasser der "Vita Hludowici" des "Astronomus"Press</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journalyear" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">JournalYear of publication</span><span data-key="journalyear" title="NameYear of the source journalbeing referenced; mayuse be'date' wikilinked;instead, displaysif inmonth italics;and aliasday ofare 'work'also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journalyear" style="position: relative;">Historisches Jahrbuch1961</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="languageisbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">LanguageISBN</span><span data-key="languageisbn" title="TheInternational languageStandard inBook which the source is written, if not EnglishNumber; use the full13-digit languageISBN name; do not use icons orwhere templatespossible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="languageisbn" style="position: relative;">German978-0-8156-2031-0</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volumelocation" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">VolumeLocation of publication</span><span data-key="volumelocation" title="ForGeographical oneplace of publication; publishedusually innot wikilinked; omit when the publication name severalincludes volumesplace" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volumelocation" style="position: relative;">60Syracuse</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pagesauthors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PagesAuthors list</span><span data-key="pagesauthors" title="PagesList inof theauthors sourceas thata supportfree theform contentlist. (notUse anof indicationthis ofparameter theis numberdiscouraged, of"lastn" pagesto in"firstn" theare source;preferable. displaysWarning: afterdo 'ppnot use if last or any of its aliases are used.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pagesauthors" style="position: relative;">14–45Cabaniss</div></div></div></div>
▲* {{Cite book|title=Son of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious|last=Cabaniss|first=A.|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=1961|isbn=978-0-8156-2031-0|location=Syracuse}}
 
▲<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Son of Charlemagne. A Contemporary Life of Louis the Pious</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Cabaniss</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">A.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Syracuse University Press</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1961</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-0-8156-2031-0</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Syracuse</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, &quot;lastn&quot; to &quot;firstn&quot; are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Cabaniss</div></div></div></div>
* {{Cite book|title=Charlemagne: Translated Sources|last=King|first=P.D.|publisher=P.D. King|year=1987|isbn=978-0-9511503-0-6|location=Kendal}}
 
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Charlemagne: Translated Sources</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">King</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">P.D.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">P.D. King</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1987</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-0-9511503-0-6</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Kendal</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, &quot;"lastn&quot;" to &quot;"firstn&quot;" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">King</div></div></div></div>
* {{Cite book|title=Einharts Vita Karoli. Studien zur Entstehung, U¨ berlieferung und Rezeption|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_377525448|last=Tischler|first=M.|publisher=Hahnsche Buchhandlung|year=2001|isbn=978-3-7752-5448-9|location=Hanover|language=German}} CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]]) <div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Einharts Vita Karoli. Studien zur Entstehung, U¨ berlieferung und Rezeption</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Tischler</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">M.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Hahnsche Buchhandlung</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2001</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-3-7752-5448-9</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Hanover</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="language" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Language</span><span data-key="language" title="The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="language" style="position: relative;">German</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, &quot;"lastn&quot;" to &quot;"firstn&quot;" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Tischler</div></div></div></div>▼
* {{Cite book|title=Einharts Vita Karoli. Studien zur Entstehung, U¨ berlieferung und Rezeption|last=Tischler|first=M.|publisher=Hahnsche Buchhandlung|year=2001|isbn=978-3-7752-5448-9|location=Hanover|language=German}} CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]]) [[Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language]]
* {{Cite book|url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000712/images/index.html?seite=2|title=Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs/Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs|last=Tremp|first=Ernst|publisher=Hahnsche Buchhandlung|year=1995|location=Hannover|language=German|access-date=2009-03-26}} CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]]) <div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type &quot;"http://...&quot;" or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme &quot;"//...&quot;"" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;">http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000712/images/index.html?seite=2</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs/Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Tremp</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Ernst</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Hahnsche Buchhandlung</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1995</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Hannover</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="language" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Language</span><span data-key="language" title="The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="language" style="position: relative;">German</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="access-date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL access date</span><span data-key="access-date" title="The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="access-date" style="position: relative;">2009-03-26</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, &quot;"lastn&quot;" to &quot;"firstn&quot;" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Tremp</div></div></div></div>▼
 
▲<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Einharts Vita Karoli. Studien zur Entstehung, U¨ berlieferung und Rezeption</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Tischler</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">M.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Hahnsche Buchhandlung</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2001</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-3-7752-5448-9</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Hanover</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="language" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Language</span><span data-key="language" title="The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="language" style="position: relative;">German</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, &quot;lastn&quot; to &quot;firstn&quot; are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Tischler</div></div></div></div>
* {{Cite book|url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000712/images/index.html?seite=2|title=Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs/Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs|last=Tremp|first=Ernst|publisher=Hahnsche Buchhandlung|year=1995|location=Hannover|language=German|access-date=2009-03-26}} CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]]) [[Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language]]
 
▲<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type &quot;http://...&quot; or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme &quot;//...&quot;" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;">http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000712/images/index.html?seite=2</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Thegan, Die Taten Kaiser Ludwigs/Astronomus, Das Leben Kaiser Ludwigs</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Tremp</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Ernst</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Hahnsche Buchhandlung</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1995</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Hannover</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="language" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Language</span><span data-key="language" title="The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="language" style="position: relative;">German</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="access-date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL access date</span><span data-key="access-date" title="The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="access-date" style="position: relative;">2009-03-26</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, &quot;lastn&quot; to &quot;firstn&quot; are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Tremp</div></div></div></div>
 
== Pranala luar ==
 
* [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000712/images/index.html?id=00000712&seite=292 Full text in Latin] from Tremp's 1995 edition.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050420133402/http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/charlemagne4.htm Selected text in English] on the siege of [[Barcelona]] from P.D. King's 1989 edition.
 
[[Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui]]
[[Kategori:Buku Latin abad ke-9]]
[[Kategori:Biografi (buku)]]
[[Kategori:Biografi Latin]]
[[Kategori:Historiografi Karoling]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Vita_Hludovici"