Aspasia: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[ImageBerkas:Aspasie Pio-Clementino Inv272.jpg|thumbjmpl|[[Herma]] di dalam [[Museum Vatikan]] inscribedyang withbertuliskan nama Aspasia's namedi at the basebawah. DiscoveredDitemukan inpada tahun 1777, thismarmer marbleini hermherma isini aadalah Romansalinan copyRomawi ofdari aabad 5thke-century5 SM BCyang originalasli anddan maymungkin representmewakili [[Prasasti]] [[Upacara pemakaman]] Aspasia.]]

'''Aspasia''' ({{IPAc-en|æ|ˈ|s|p|eɪ|ʒ|i|ə|,_|æ|ˈ|s|p|eɪ|z|i|ə|,_|æ|ˈ|s|p|eɪ|ʒ|ə|,_|æ|ˈ|s|p|eɪ|ʃ|ə}};<ref>Ondřej Kaše, Thesis [http://theses.cz/id/w4xt20/BP_Kae_final.pdf ''Dubletní výslovnost v angličtině'' ("Alternative Pronunciation in English")] in Czech, 2013, p. 28.</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/aspasia "Aspasia"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{lang-grc-gre|Ἀσπασία}}; cskt. 470 BCSM<ref name="Nails58-59">D. Nails, ''The People of Plato'', Hackett Publishing pp 58–59</ref><ref>P. O'Grady, [http://home.vicnet.net.au/~hwaa/artemis4.html Aspasia of Miletus] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061201000000/http://home.vicnet.net.au/~hwaa/artemis4.html |date=December 1, 2006 }}</ref> &ndash;– cskt. 400 BCSM)<ref name="Nails58-59" /><ref name="Taylor41">A.E. Taylor, ''Plato: The Man and his Work'', 41</ref> adalah seorang imigran yang berpengaruh terhadap [[Athena klasik|era Athena Klasik]] yang merupakan kekasih dan mitra negarawan [[Perikles]]. Pasangan itu memiliki seorang putra, [[Perikles Muda]], namun rincian lengkap status pernikahan pasangan tersebut tidak diketahui. Menurut [[Plutarkhos]], rumahnya menjadi pusat intelektual di Athena, menarik para penulis dan pemikir yang paling menonjol, termasuk filsuf [[Socrates]]. Disarankan bahwa ajaran Aspasia mempengaruhi Sokrates. Aspasia disebutkan di dalam tulisan-tulisan [[Plato]], [[Aristofanes]], [[Xenophon]], dan lain-lain. Meskipun ia menghabiskan sebagian besar masa dewasanya di Yunani, beberapa rincian tentang hidupnya sepenuhnya diketahui. Beberapa ilmuwan mengatakan bahwa Aspasia adalah penjaga rumah bordil dan seorang [[Pelacuran|pelacur]]. Peran Aspasia di dalam sejarah memberikan wawasan penting untuk memahami [[Wanita di Yunani]]. Sangat sedikit yang diketahui tentang wanita dari masa waktunya. Seorang ilmuwan menyatakan bahwa, "Mengajukan pertanyaan tentang kehidupan Aspasia adalah mengajukan pertanyaan tentang setengah kemanusiaan."<ref name=Henry9>M. Henry, Prisoner of History, 9</ref>

== Lihat pula ==

* [[Filsafat kuno]]

* [[Prostitusi di Yunani kuno]]

== Catatan ==

== Referensi ==

== Sumber ==

* Cicero, ''De Inventione'', I. [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/inventione1.shtml original text] Latin Library.

* Lucian, [http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/luc/wl3/wl303.htm ''A Portrait-study'']. from ''The Works of Lucian of Samosata'' translated by H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler Oxford: The Clarendon Press [1905] at sacred-texts.com

* Xenophon, ''Oeconomicus''. Translator: [[Henry Graham Dakyns|H. G. Dakyns]] "The Works of Xenophon," [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/1173 at Gutenberg project, Last Updated: January 15, 2013].

* {{cite book |editor-last=Adams|editor-first=Henry Gardiner|editor-link=Henry Gardiner Adams|encyclopedia=A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography|year=1857|publisher=Groombridge and Sons |location=London |title=Aspasia |url=https://archive.org/details/acyclopaediafem01adamgoog}}

* {{cite book | first=Raymond MacDonald | last= Alden| title=Readings in English Prose of the Nineteenth Century| publisher=Kessinger Publishing | year=2005|origyear=1917 |isbn=0-8229-5553-9|chapter=Walter Savage Landor}}

* {{cite book|last=Allen|first=Prudence|title=The Concept of Woman: The Aristotelian Revolution, 750 B.C. - A.D. 1250|url=https://archive.org/details/conceptofwoman0000alle|year=1997|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=0-8028-4270-4|chapter=The Pluralists: Aspasia}}

* {{cite book | first=D.D. | last = Anderson| title=Dictionary of Midwestern Literature: Volume One: The Authors by Philip A Greasley| url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofmidw0000unse | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=2001| isbn=0-253-33609-0|chapter=The Origins and Development of the Literature of the Midwest}}

* {{cite journal|last=Arkins|first=Brian|title=Sexuality in Fifth-Century Athens|journal=Classics Ireland|volume=1|year=1994|accessdate=2006-08-29|url=http://www.ucd.ie/cai/classics-ireland/1994/Arkins94.html}}

* {{cite encyclopedia|title=Aspasia|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2002}}

* {{cite journal|last=Bicknell|first=Peter J.|title=Axiochus Alkibiadou, Aspasia and Aspasios|journal="L'Antiquité Classique"|year=1982|volume=51|issue=3|pages=240–250}}

* {{cite book|last1=Bolansée|first1=Schepens|last2=Theys|first2=Engels|title=Die Fragmente Der Griechischen Historiker: A. Biography|year=1989|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|isbn=90-04-11094-1|chapter=Antisthenes of Athens}}

* {{cite book | last=Brose | first= Margaret| title=A Companion to European Romanticism| url=https://archive.org/details/companiontoeurop0000mich |editor-first=Michael|editor-last=Ferber| publisher=Blackwell Publishing | year=2005| isbn=1-4051-1039-2|chapter=Ugo Foscolo and Giacomo Leopardi: Italy's Classical Romantics}}

* {{cite book|last=Duyckinck, G.L. |first=Duyckinc, E.A. |title=Cyclopedia of American Literature|year=1856|publisher=C. Scribner}}

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* {{cite book | first=Cheryl| last = Glenn| title=Listening to Their Voices | publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press | year=1997| isbn=1-57003-172-X|chapter=Locating Aspasia on the Rhetorical Map}}

* {{cite journal|last=Glenn|first=Cheryl|title=Sex, Lies, and Manuscript: Refiguring Aspasia in the History of Rhetoric|journal="Composition and Communication"|year=1994|volume=45|issue=4|pages=180–199}}

* {{cite book | first=Arnold W. | last = Gomme|authorlink = Arnold Wycombe Gomme| title=Essays in Greek History & Literature| publisher=Ayer Publishing | year=1977| isbn=0-8369-0481-8|chapter=The Position of Women in Athens in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC}}

* {{cite book|editor1-last=Hammond|editor1-first=N.G.L.|editor2-last=Scullard|editor2-first=H.H.|title=The Oxford Classical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordclassicald00hamm|year=1970|edition=2|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London|isbn=978-0198691174}}

* {{cite book | first=Madeleine M. | last=Henry| title=Prisoner of History. Aspasia of Miletus and her Biographical Tradition | url=https://archive.org/details/prisonerofhistor0000henr | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1995 | isbn=0-19-508712-7}}

* {{cite book | first=Donald | last=Kagan| title=Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy | publisher=The Free Press | year=1991 | isbn=0-684-86395-2}}

* {{cite book|last=Kagan|first=Donald|title=The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War|year=1989|publisher=Ithaca: Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-9556-3|chapter=Athenian Politics on the Eve of the War}}

* {{cite book|last=Kahn|first=Charles H.|title=Plato and the Socratic Dialogue|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-64830-0|chapter=Antisthenes}}

* {{cite book|last=Kahn|first=Charles H.|title=The Socratic Movement |editor-first=Paul A|editor-last=Vander Waerdt|year=1994|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-9903-8|chapter=Aeschines on Socratic Eros}}

* {{cite book | first=Roger | last=Just | title=Women in Athenian Law and Life | publisher=Routledge (UK) | year=1991 | isbn=0-415-05841-4|chapter=Personal Relationships}}

* {{cite book | first=Nicole | last=Loraux | title=La Grèce au Féminin |language=French | publisher= Belles Lettres | year=2003 | isbn=2-251-38048-5|chapter=Aspasie, l'étrangère, l'intellectuelle}}

* Mazzon, Daniela, ''Aspasia maestra e amante di Pericle'', EdizioniAnordest, 2011 (in Italian) EAN9788896742280

* Mazzon, Daniela, ''Desiderata Aspasia. Rapsodia mediterranea'', one-act drama, 2012 (in Italian)

* {{cite book | first=Laura | last=McClure | title=Spoken Like a Woman: Speech and Gender in Athenian Drama | url=https://archive.org/details/spokenlikewoman0000unse | publisher=Princeton University Press | year=1999 | isbn=0-691-01730-1|chapter=The City of Words: Speech in the Athenian Polis}}

* {{cite book | first=James F. | last=McGlew | title=Citizens on Stage: Comedy and Political Culture in the Athenian Democracy | publisher=University of Michigan Press | year=2002 | isbn=0-472-11285-6|chapter=Exposing Hypocrisie: Pericles and Cratinus' Dionysalexandros}}

* {{cite book|last=Monoson|first=Sara|title=Plato's Democratic Entanglements|publisher=Hackett Publishing|year=2002|isbn=0-691-04366-3|chapter=Plato's Opposition to the Veneration of Pericles}}

* {{cite book|last=Nails|first=Debra|authorlink=Debra Nails|title=The People of Plato: A Prosopography of Plato and Other Socratics|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-87220-564-9}}

* {{cite book | last1=Onq|first1=Rory | last2=Jarratt|first2=Susan| title=Reclaiming Rhetorica|editor-first=Andrea A|editor-last=Lunsford| publisher= University of Pittsburgh Press |location=Pittsburgh | year=1995| isbn=0-7661-9484-1|chapter=Aspasia: Rhetoric, Gender, and Colonial Ideology}}

* {{cite book|last=Ostwald|first=M.|title=The Cambridge Ancient History|editor-last1=Lewis|editor-first1=David M.|editor-last2=Boardman|editor-first2=John|editor-last3=Davies|editor-first3=J. K.|editor-last4=Ostwald|editor-first4=M.|volume=Volume V|year=1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-23347-X|chapter=Athens as a Cultural Center}}

* {{Cite book|last1=Paparrigopoulos|first1=Konstantinos|author2=(Karolidis, Pavlos)|date=1925|title=History of the Hellenic Nation (Volume Ab)|publisher=Eleftheroudakis|language=el}}

* {{cite book | first= A.J. | last=Podlecki | title=Perikles and His Circle | url= https://archive.org/details/perikleshiscircl0000podl | publisher=Routledge (UK)| year=1997 | isbn=0-415-06794-4}}

* {{cite book|title=The Greek World|url=https://archive.org/details/greekworld0000unse|last=Powell|first=Anton|publisher=Routledge (UK)|year=1995|isbn=0-415-06031-1|chapter=Athens' Pretty Face: Anti-feminine Rhetoric and Fifth-century Controversy over the Parthenon}}

* {{cite book|title=The Staff of Oedipus|last=Rose|first=Martha L.|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2003|isbn=0-472-11339-9|chapter=Demosthenes' Stutter: Overcoming Impairment}}

* {{cite book|title=Politics and Persuasion in Aristophanes' Ecclesiazusae|last=Rothwell|first=Kenneth Sprague|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|year=1990|isbn=90-04-09185-8|chapter=Critical Problems in the Ecclesiazusae}}

* {{cite book|title=A History of Greece|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorygreecef03smitgoog|last=Smith|first=William|publisher=R. B. Collins|year=1855|chapter=Death and Character of Pericles}}

* {{cite book|last=Southall|first=Aidan |authorlink=Aidan Southall|title=The City in Time and Space|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1999|isbn=0-521-78432-8|chapter=Greece and Rome}}

* {{cite book|last=Stadter|first=Philip A.|title= A Commentary on Plutarch's Pericles|url=https://archive.org/details/commentaryonplut00stad|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1989|isbn=0-8078-1861-5}}

* {{cite book |last=Sykoutris|first=Ioannis|title=Symposium (Introduction and Comments) -in Greek | publisher=Estia | year=1934}}

* {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=A. E.|title=Plato: The Man and His Work|url=https://archive.org/details/platomanhiswork0000tayl_h9f9|publisher= Courier Dover Publications|year=2001|isbn=0-486-41605-4|chapter=Minor Socratic Dialogues: Hippias Major, Hippias Minor, Ion, Menexenus}}

* {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Joan E.|title=Jewish Women Philosophers of First-Century Alexandria|url=https://archive.org/details/jewishwomenphilo0000tayl|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-925961-5|chapter=Greece and Rome}}

* {{cite book|last=Tritle|first=Lawrence A.|title=The Peloponnesian War|url=https://archive.org/details/peloponnesianwar0000trit|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2004|isbn=0-313-32499-9|chapter=Annotated Bibliography}}

* {{cite journal|last=Wider|first=Kathleen|title=Women philosophers in the Ancient Greek World: Donning the Mantle |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1986.tb00521.x/abstract|journal=[[Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy|Hypatia]]|year=1986|volume=1|issue=1|pages=21–62 |doi=10.1111/j.1527-2001.1986.tb00521.x}}

== Bacaan selanjutnya ==

* {{cite book|last=Atherton|first=Gertrude|title=The Immortal Marriage|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2004|isbn=1-4179-1559-5}}

* {{cite book|last= Becq de Fouquières|first=Louis|title=Aspasie de Milet (in French)|publisher=Didier|year=1872}}

* {{cite book|last= Cecilia|first=Cozzi|title=Aspasia, storia di una donna (in Italian)|publisher=David and Matthaus|year=2014|isbn=978-88-98899-01-2}}

* {{cite book|last=Dover|first=K.J.|title=Greeks and Their Legacy|year=1988|publisher=Blackwell|location=New York|chapter=The Freedom of the Intellectual in Greek Society}}

* {{cite book|last= Hamerling|first=Louis|title=Aspasia: a Romance of Art and Love in Ancient Hellas|publisher=Geo. Gottsberger Peck|year=1893}}

* {{cite book|last=Savage Landor|first=Walter|title=Pericles And Aspasia|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2004|isbn=0-7661-8958-9}}

== Pranala luar ==