Fiji: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Fiji infobox}}

 

 

 

== Sejarah ==

[[Berkas:Urville-Viti-Lebouka2.jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Levuka]], 1842]]

 

 

 

 

 

== Politik ==

 

=== Kekuasaan eksekutif ===

 

Kepala negara Fiji adalah seorang [[Daftar Presiden Fiji|Presiden]], yang dipilih oleh ''[[Great Council of Chiefs (Fiji)|Great Council of Chiefs]]'' untuk masa jabatan 5 tahun. Meskipun jabatan presiden ini hanya sebagai simbolis belaka, tetapi ia juga mempunyai "kekuatan tersimpan" yang bisa ia gunakan ketika negara mengalami krisis.<!-- He is also the Commander-in-Chief of the [[Military of Fiji|Armed Forces]]. The [[Great Council of Chiefs (Fiji)|Great Council of Chiefs]] recognizes Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] as its Paramount Chief, in respect as a nation within the [[Commonwealth of Nations]].

Judicial power is vested in three courts (the [[High Court (Fiji)|High Court]], [[Court of Appeal (Fiji)|Court of Appeal]], and [[Supreme Court (Fiji)|Supreme Court]]) established by the [[Constitution of Fiji|Constitution]], which also makes provision for other courts to be set up by Parliament. The High Court and the Supreme Court are both presided over by the [[Chief Justice (Fiji)|Chief Justice]] (currently [[Daniel Fatiaki]]); the Chief Justice is barred, however, from membership of the Court of Appeal, which has its own [[President of the Court of Appeal (Fiji)|President]] (currently [[Jai Ram Reddy]]). The Appeal Court has the power ''"to hear and determine appeals"'' from judgements of the High Court; decisions of this court may be further appealed to the Supreme Court, whose decision is final.

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''Artikel utama: [[Pemerintahan lokal Fiji]]''

 

4 divisi ini kemudian dibagi lagi menjadi 14 provinsi. Pulau [[Rotuma]] yang terletak di utara, sudah mempunyai status independen. Secara resmi termasuk di dalam Divisi Timur untuk keperluan statistik, tetapi secara administratif sudah mempunyai otonomi sendiri.

 

== Economy ==

''Main article: [[Economy of Fiji]]''

The population of Fiji is mostly made up of native [[Fijian people|Fijians]], a people of mixed [[Polynesia|Polynesian]] and [[Melanesia]]n ancestory (54.3%), and [[Indo-Fijians]] (38.1%), descendants of [[India|Indian]] contract labourers brought to the islands by the British in the [[19th century]]. The percentage of the population of Indian descent has declined significantly over the last two decades because of emigration. About 1.2 percent are [[Rotuman]]—natives of [[Rotuma|Rotuma Island]], whose culture has more in common with countries such as [[Tonga]] or [[Samoa]] than with the rest of Fiji. There are also small, but economically significant, groups of Europeans, Chinese, and other minorities. Relationships between ethnic Fijians and Indo-Fijians have often been strained, and the tension between the two communities has dominated politics in the islands for the past generation. The level of tension varies between different regions of the country.

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=== Bahasa ===

 

Meski begitu, bahasa Inggris adalah bahasa yang paling sering digunakan karena negara ini pernah dijajah selama seabad oleh Inggris. Bahasa Inggris dipakai luas oleh Fijian dan Indo-Fijian,mereka memakainya sebagai medium untuk berkomunikasi satu sama lain dan juga untuk berkomunikasi dengan dunia luar. Bahasa Inggris juga digunakan pemerintah dalam hal bisnis, dan juga bahasa utama untuk pendidikan, komersial, dan pengadilan.

 

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"Hindustani" adalah sebutan untuk ''[[bahasa Hindi]]'' (preferred by [[Hinduism|Hindus]]) and ''[[Urdu language|Urdu]]'' (preferred by [[Islam|Muslims]]), as well as many closely related tongues that are sometimes considered separate languages. [[Fijian Hindustani]] descends from one of the eastern forms of Hindustani, called [[Awadhi]]. It has developed some unique features that differentiate it from the Awadhi spoken on the [[Indian subcontinent]], although not to the extent of hindering mutual understanding. It is spoken by nearly the entire Indo-Fijian community regardless of ancestry, except for a few elders.

 

=== Agama ===

 

 

Pemeluk agama Hindu pada umumnya tergolong dalam aliran [[Sanatan]] (74,3 persen dari seluruh Hindu) atau tidak jelas alirannya (22 persen). Aliran kecil [[Arya Samaj]] mengklaim mempunyai pengikut sebanyak 3,7 persen dari semua orang Hindu di Fiji. Pemeluk agama Islam pada umumnya adalah [[Sunni]] (59,7 persen) atau tidak menyebutkan alirannya (36,7 persen), dan sejumlah kecil pengikut [[Ahmadiyah]] (3,6 persen) yang dianggap sesat oleh agama islam sendiri.

Pemeluk agama [[Sikh]] mencakup 0,9 persen dari seluruh penduduk Indo-Fiji, atau 0,4 persen dari seluruh penduduk Fiji. Leluhur mereka datang dari wilayah [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] di India.

 

 

 

 

{{commons|Fiji}}

* [[Daftar tokoh-tokoh Fiji]]

* [[Komunikasi di Fiji]]

* [[Militer Fiji]]

* [[Hubungan luar negeri Fiji]]

* [[Daftar negara-negara di dunia]]

* [[Daftar Tokoh Fiji]]

 

== Pranala luar ==

 

{{Kelompok templat/geo

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{{Negara-negara Persemakmuran}}

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[[Kategori:Fiji| ]]