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Tatanama obat: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(15 revisi perantara oleh satu pengguna lainnya tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
'''Tatanama obat''' atau nomenklatur obat adalah penamaan [[obat]] [[Tata nama|secara sistematis]], terutama [[Medikasi|obat-obatan farmasi]] . Secara umum, obat memiliki tiga nama: nama [[Obat generik|generik]] atau non kepemilikan, contohnya adalah [[Nama Generik Internasional|Nama generik internasional]] (INN); nama kimiawi, contohnya adalah [[Tata nama organik|nama IUPAC]]; dan nama dagang, yaitu [[Merek|nama merek]] .<ref name="UCB">{{Cite web|date=2011-12-09|title=How drugs are named|url=http://www.ucb.com/rd/info-centre/drug-naming|publisher=[[UCB (company)|UCB]]|access-date=2013-01-01|archive-date=2013-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531024857/http://www.ucb.com/rd/info-centre/drug-naming|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
Di bawah sistem nama generik internasional tersebut, nama generik obat tertentu dibuat dari [[afiks]] dan asal kata, yang kemudian akan mengklasifikasikan obat-obatan ke dalam kategori yang berbeda sehingga nama yang terkait tetap dapat dibedakan.<ref name="AMA">{{Cite web|title=United States Adopted Names naming guidelines|url=https://www.ama-assn.org/about/united-states-adopted-names/united-states-adopted-names-naming-guidelines|publisher=[[American Medical Association]]|access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref> Obat pasaran mungkin saja memiliki kode perusahaan atau kode senyawa.<ref name="Pipeline">{{Cite web|last=Lowe|first=Derek|authorlink=Derek Lowe (chemist)|date=23 October 2006|title=Experimental Compound Codes|url=http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2006/10/23/experimental_compound_codes|publisher=Science|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121090623/http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2006/10/23/experimental_compound_codes|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
== Regulasi hukum ==
Baris 26:
Daftar asal kata dan imbuhan yang lebih komprehensif dapat ditemukan di Portal Informasi Obat Perpustakaan Medis Nasional <ref>{{Cite web|title=Drug Information Portal > Generic Name Stems|url=http://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/jsp/drugportal/DrugNameGenericStems.jsp|publisher=National Library of Medicine|access-date=2017-07-25}}</ref> atau di Lampiran VII dari ''USP Dictionary''.
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! scope="col" |StemImbuhan
! scope="col" |DrugKelas classobat
! class="unsortable" scope="col" |ExampleContoh
|-
| -vir
|[[Obat antivirus]]<ref name="AMA">{{Cite web|title=United States Adopted Names naming guidelines|url=https://www.ama-assn.org/about/united-states-adopted-names/united-states-adopted-names-naming-guidelines|publisher=[[American Medical Association]]|access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>
|[[Asiklovir|aciclovir]], [[oseltamivir]]
|-
| -cillinsilin
|[[Antibiotik]] golongan [[penisilin]]
|[[Penisilin|penicillinAmoksisilin]], carbenicillin[[ampisilin]], oxacillin[[metisilin]]<ref name="drugs">{{Cite web|date=2010-12-15|title=Penicillin|url=https://www.drugs.com/penicillin.html|publisher=[[Drugs.com]]|access-date=2013-01-01}}</ref>
|-
|cefsef-
|Antibiotik golongan [[sefalosporin]]
|[[Sefadroksil]], [[sefiksim]], [[seftriakson]]
|[[Sefazolin|cefazolin]]
|-
| -mab
|[[Antibodi monoklonal]]
|[[Adalimumab]], [[trastuzumab]], [[ipilimumab]]
|-
| -ximabksimab
|Antibodi ''chimeric''
|[[infliksimab]]
|infliximab
|-
| -zumab
|Antibodi yang dihumanisasi<ref name="EBSCO">{{Cite book|vauthors=Gylys BA, Wedding ME|year=2005|title=Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary/medical Terminology: A Systems Approach|publisher=Medicus Media|isbn=0803613245|page=2371|chapter=-zumab|chapter-url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/reference-entries/21251596/zumab}}</ref>
|[[natalizumab]], [[bevacizumab]]
|-
| -anib
|InhibitorPenghambat angiogenesis <ref name="<ref5">{{Cite web|title=Anib|url=https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/endswith/anib|website=Drug Information Portal|access-date=7 July 2020|ref=5}}</ref>
|[[Pazopanib]], [[Vandetanib]]
|-
| -ciclibsiklib
|InhibitorPenghambat siklin-dependen kinase 4/CDK6
|[[palbosiklib]], [[ribosiklib]]
|palbociclib, ribociclib
|-
| -degib
|InhibitorPenghambat ''hedgehog signaling pathway'' <ref name="<ref6">{{Cite web|title=Degib|url=https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/endswith/degib|website=Drug Information Portal|access-date=7 July 2020|ref=6}}</ref>
|[[Vismodegib]], [[Sonidegib]]
|-
| -denib
|inhibitorPenghambat IDH1 dan IDH2 <ref name="<ref7">{{Cite web|title=Denib|url=https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/endswith/denib|website=Drug Information Portal|access-date=7 July 2020|ref=7}}</ref>
|[[Enasidenib]], [[Ivosidenib]]
|-
| -lisib
|InhibitorPenghambat [[fosfatidil inositol-3 kinase]]
|[[alpelisib]], [[buparlisib]]
|-
| -parib
|inhibitorPenghambat PARP
|[[olaparib]], [[veliparib]]
|-
| -rafenib
|inhibitorPenghambat BRAF <ref name="<ref8">{{Cite web|title=Rafenib|url=https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/endswith/rafenib|website=Drug Information Portal|access-date=7 July 2020|ref=8}}</ref>
|[[Sorafenib]], [[Vemurafenib]]
|-
| -tinib
|InhibitorPenghambat tirosin kinase
|[[erlotinib]], crizotinib[[krizotinib]]
|-
| -zomib
|InhibitorPenghambat proteasome <ref name="<ref9">{{Cite web|title=Zomib|url=https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/endswith/zomib|website=Drug Information Portal|access-date=7 July 2020|ref=9}}</ref>
|[[bortezomib]], carfilzomib[[karfilzomib]]
|-
| -vastatin
|InhibitorPenghambat HMG-CoA reduktase
|[[atorvastatin]], [[simvastatin]]
|-
| -prazoleprazol
|[[Penghambat pompa proton]]
|[[omeprazol]]e, [[lansoprazol]], [[pantoprazol]]
|-
| -lukast
|Antagonis reseptor [[Leukotriena]]
|[[zafirlukast]], [[montelukast]]
|-
| -grel-
|InhibitorPenghambat agregasi [[Keping darah|platelet]]
|clopidogrel[[klopidogrel]], [[ticagrelortikagrelor]]
|-
| -axineaksin
|InhibitorPenghambat [[Dopamin]]e dan [[PenyekatPenghambat Ambilanpengambilan Kembali Serotoninserotonin Selektif|SSRI]]
|[[venlafaksin]]
|venlafaxine
|-
| -olol
|[[Penyekat beta]]
|[[metoprololBisoprolol]], [[propranolol]], [[atenolol]], [[timolol]]
|-
| -oxetineoksetin
|[[Antidepresan]] yang berkaitan dengan [[fluoksetin]]
|[[duloksetin]], [[reboksetin]]
|duloxetine, reboxetine
|-
| -sartan
|[[Antagonis reseptor angiotensin II]]
|[[losartan]], [[valsartan]], candesartan[[kandesartan]], [[irbesartan]]
|-
| -pril
|[[Penghambat enzim pengubah angiotensin]]
|[[Inhibitor ACE|Inhibitor ''ACE'']]
|[[Kaptopril|captopril]], [[lisinopril]], [[enalapril]]
|-
| -oxacinoksasin
|[[Antibiotik kuinolon|Antibiotik golongan [[kuinolon]]
|[[Siprofloksasin]], [[levofloksasin]], [[ofloksasin]]
|[[Levofloksasin|levofloxacin]], moxifloxacin
|-
| -barb-
|[[Barbiturat]]
|[[fenobarbital]], secobarbital[[sekobarbital]]
|-
| -xabanksaban
|DirectPenghambat Xa inhibitorLangsung
|apixaban[[apiksaban]], [[rivaroxabanrivaroksaban]]
|-
| -afil
|InhibitorPenghambat PDE5 dengan aksi vasodilator
|[[sildenafil]], [[tadalafil]]
|-
| -prost-
|Analog Prostaglandin
|[[latanoprost]], unoprostone[[unoproston]]
|-
| -inein
|substansi kimia
|[[atropin]]e, [[Kuinina|quinine]]
|-
| -tidetida
|[[Peptida]] dan glikopeptida
|[[Nesiritida]], [[Oktreotida]]
|Nesiritide, Octreotide
|-
| -vec
Baris 160:
| -ast
|anti asmatik
|[[zafirlukast]], [[seratrodast]]
|-
| -cainekain
|anestesi lokal
|benzocaine[[benzokain]], [[lidokain]], [[prokain]]
|-
| -dipin
|[[Penghalang saluran kalsium]]
|[[Amlodipin]], [[nifedipin]], [[nikardipin]]
|-
| -oksikam
|[[Oksikam]], suatu golongan [[antiperadangan nonsteroid|obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid]]
|[[Meloksikam]], [[piroksikam]]
|-
| -tidin
|[[Antagonis reseptor H2]]
|[[Ranitidin]], [[famotidin]], [[simetidin]]
|-
| -tromisin
|Antibiotik golongan [[makrolida]]
|[[Azitromisin]], [[klaritromisin]], [[eritromisin]]
|-
| -siklin
|[[Antibiotik golongan tetrasiklin]]
|[[Tetrasiklin]], [[doksisiklin]]
|-
| -penem
|Antibiotik golongan [[karbapenem]]
|[[Imipenem]], [[meropenem]]
|-
| -rubisin
|[[Antrasiklin]], suatu golongan obat antikanker
|[[doksorubisin]], [[daunorubisin]]
|}
 
Baris 178 ⟶ 206:
|-
| ''N-'' asetil- ''p'' -aminofenol
| [[parasetamol]]acetaminophen (disebut asetaminofen di AS, JPdan Jepang)
| Sanmol
| [[Tylenol]]
|-
| (RS) -2- (4- (2-metilpropil) fenil) asam propanoat
| [[ibuprofen]]
| MotrinProris
|-
| (2R, 3S, 4R, 5R, 8R, 10R, 11R, 12S, 13S, 14R) -13 - [(2,6-dideoksi-3-C-metil-3-O-metil-α-L-ribo- heksopiranosil) oksi] -2-etil-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptametil-11- [ <nowiki>[</nowiki> 3,4,6-trideoksi-3- (dimetilamino) -β-D-xilo-heksopiranosil] oksi] -1-oksa-6-azasiklopentadekan-15-one
Baris 191 ⟶ 219:
| etil 4- (8-kloro-5,6-dihidro-11H-benzo [5,6] siklohepta [1,2-b] piridin-11-ylidena) -1-piperidinekarboksilat
| [[loratadin]]
| Alerhis
| Claritin
|-
| Asam 2-asetoksibenzoat
Baris 203 ⟶ 231:
| 2- (dipfenilmetoksi) - ''N'', ''N'' -dimetiletilamin hidroklorida
| difenhidramin
| Sedares
| Benadryl
|-
| 3 - [(4,5-dihidro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) metil] -6- (1,1-dimetiletil) -2,4-dimetil-fenol hidroklorida
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Tatanama_obat"