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| type_species = ''Rhizobium leguminosarum''
| subdivision_ranks = Spesies<ref name="LPSN" />
| subdivision = [[Rhizobium#Species|
}}
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''Rhizobium'' membentuk hubungan simbiosis dengan tanaman tertentu seperti kacang-kacangan, memfiksasi nitrogen dari udara menjadi amonia, yang bertindak sebagai pupuk alami untuk tanaman. Penelitian saat ini sedang dilakukan oleh ahli mikrobiologi dari [[Agricultural Research Service]] untuk menemukan cara untuk memanfaatkan fiksasi nitrogen ''Rhizobium''. Penelitian ini melibatkan [[pemetaan genetik]] dari berbagai spesies rhizobia dengan spesies tanaman simbiotik masing-masing, seperti alfalfa atau kedelai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman tanpa menggunakan pupuk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2010/jan/microbe|title=Marvelous Microbe Collections Accelerate Discoveries To Protect People, Plants—and More!|work=Agricultural Research|date=January 2010|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|accessdate=10 August 2018}}</ref>
Dalam biologi molekuler, ''Rhizobium'' juga telah diidentifikasi sebagai pencemar dari kit pereaksi ekstraksi DNA dan sistem air ultra murni, sehingga ''Rhizobium'' dapat muncul secara keliru di kumpulan data mikrobiota atau metagenom.<ref>{{cite biorxiv|last1=Salter|first1=S|last2=Cox|first2=M|last3=Turek|first3=E|last4=Calus|first4=S|last5=Cookson|first5=W|last6=Moffatt|first6=M|last7=Turner|first7=P|last8=Parkhill|first8=J|last9=Loman|first9=N|last10=Walker|first10=A|title=Reagent contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses|date=2014|biorxiv=007187}}</ref> Kehadiran bakteri pengikat nitrogen sebagai kontaminan mungkin karena penggunaan gas nitrogen dalam produksi air ultra-murni untuk menghambat pertumbuhan
== Spesies ==
{{div col|colwidth=350px}}
* ''[[Rhizobium aegyptiacum]]'' <small>Shamseldin ''et al''. 2016</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium aggregatum]]'' <small>(Hirsch and Müller 1986) Kaur ''et al''. 2011</small><ref>NOTE: This strain was formerly named ''Blastobacter aggregatus''.</ref>
* ''[[Rhizobium alamii]]'' <small>Berge ''et al''. 2009</small>
<!-- Rhizobium alkalisoli was renamed Neorhizobium alkalisoli. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium altiplani]]'' <small>Baraúna ''et al''. 2016</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium alvei]]'' <small>Sheu ''et al''. 2015</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium anhuiense]]'' <small>Zhang ''et al''. 2015</small>
<!-- Rhizobium azibium was renamed Rhizobium azibense. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium azibense]]'' <small>Mnasri ''et al''. 2014</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium azooxidifex]]'' <small>Behrendt ''et al''. 2016</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium bangladeshense]]'' <small>Harun-or Rashid ''et al''. 2015</small>
** symbiovar ''trifolii''
** symbiovar ''viciae''
* ''[[Rhizobium binae]]'' <small>Harun-or Rashid ''et al''. 2015</small>
<!-- Rhizobium borbori was reclassified as Allorhizobium borbori. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium calliandrae]]'' <small>Rincón-Rosales ''et al''. 2013</small>
<!-- 'Rhizobium campana' was renamed Rhizobium capsici. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium capsici]]'' <small>Lin ''et al''. 2015</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium cauense]]'' <small>Liu ''et al''. 2015</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium cellulosilyticum]]'' <small>García-Fraile ''et al''. 2007</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium daejeonense]]'' <small>Quan ''et al''. 2005</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium ecuadorense]]'' <small>Ribeiro ''et al''. 2015</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium endolithicum]]'' <small>Parag ''et al''. 2014</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium endophyticum]]'' <small>López-López ''et al''. 2010</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium etli]]'' <small>Segovia ''et al''. 1993</small><ref>NOTE: This species was formerly known as ''R. leguminosarum'' sv. ''phaseoli''.</ref>
** symbiovar ''mimosae''
** symbiovar ''phaseoli''
* ''[[Rhizobium fabae]]'' <small>Tian ''et al''. 2008</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium flavum]]'' <small>Gu ''et al''. 2014</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium freirei]]'' <small>Dall'Agnol ''et all''. 2013</small>
<!-- Rhizobium galegae was reclassified as Neorhizobium galegae. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium gallicum]]'' <small>Amarger ''et al''. 1997</small>
** symbiovar ''gallicum''<ref name="Amarger">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Amarger N, Macheret V, Laguerre G |title=''Rhizobium gallicum'' sp. nov. and ''Rhizobium giardinii'' sp. nov., from ''Phaseolus vulgaris'' nodules |journal=Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=996–1006 |year=1997 |pmid=9336898 |doi=10.1099/00207713-47-4-996}}</ref>
** symbiovar ''orientale''<ref name="Berkum">NOTE: ''R. gallicum'' and ''R. mongolense'' are 99.2% identical in their rDNA and may be the same species. It has been proposed by [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02721.x/abstract Silva ''et al''.] that ''R. mongolense'' and ''R. yanglingense'' be reclassified as ''R. gallicum'' sv. ''orientale''.</ref>
** symbiovar ''phaseoli''<ref name="Amarger" />
<!-- Rhizobium giardinii was reclassified as Pararhizobium giardinii. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium grahamii]]'' <small>López-López ''et al''. 2011</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium hainanense]]'' <small>Chen ''et al''. 1997</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium halophytocola]]'' <small>Bibi ''et al''. 2012</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium halotolerans]]'' <small>Diange and Lee 2013</small><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s00284-013-0313-x| pmid = 23377488| title = ''Rhizobium halotolerans'' sp. nov., Isolated from Chloroethylenes Contaminated Soil| journal = Current Microbiology| volume = 66| issue = 6| pages = 599–605| year = 2013| last1 = Diange | first1 = E. A. | last2 = Lee | first2 = S. S. }}</ref>
<!-- Rhizobium helanshanense was reclassified as Pararhizobium helanshanense. -->
<!-- Rhizobium herbae was reclassified as Pararhizobium herbae. -->
<!-- Rhizobium huautlense was reclassified as Neorhizobium huautlense. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium indigoferae]]'' <small>Wei ''et al''. 2002</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium jaguaris]]'' <small>Rincón-Rosales ''et al''. 2013</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium kunmingense]]'' <small>Shen ''et al''. 2010</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium laguerreae]]'' <small>Saïdi ''et al''. 2014</small>
<!-- Rhizobium larrymoorei was reclassified as Agrobacterium larrymoorei. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium leguminosarum]]'' <small>(Frank 1879) Frank 1889</small>
** symbiovar ''trifolii''
** symbiovar ''viciae''
* ''[[Rhizobium lemnae]]'' <small>Kittiwongwattana & Thawai 2014</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium lentis]]'' <small>Harun-or Rashid ''et al''. 2015</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium leucaenae]]'' <small>Ribeiro ''et al''. 2011</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium loessense]]'' <small>Wei ''et al''. 2003</small>
<!-- Rhizobium lupini was reclassified as Bradyrhizobium lupini. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium lusitanum]]'' <small>Valverde ''et al''. 2006</small>
* [[Rhizobium massiliae|"''Candidatus'' Rhizobium massiliae"]] <small>Greub ''et al''. 2004.</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium mayense]]'' <small>Rincón-Rosales ''et al''. 2013</small>
<!-- Rhizobium mediterraneum was reclassified as Mesorhizobium mediterraneum. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium mesoamericanum]]'' <small>López-López ''et al''. 2011</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium mesosinicum]]'' <small>Lin ''et al''. 2009</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium metallidurans]]'' <small>Grison ''et al''. 2015</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium miluonense]]'' <small>Gu ''et al''. 2008</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium mongolense]]'' <small>Herr Baronn O. Vonn Berkum ''et al''. 1998</small><ref name="Berkum" />
* ''[[Rhizobium multihospitium]]'' <small>Han ''et al''. 2008</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium naphthalenivorans]]'' <small>Kaiya ''et al''. 2012</small>
<!-- Rhizobium nepotum was reclassified as Agrobacterium nepotum. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium oryzicola]]'' <small>Zhang ''et al''. 2015</small>
<!-- Rhizobium oryzae was reclassified as Allorhizobium oryzae. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium pakistanensis]]'' <small>Khalid ''et al''. 2014</small>
<!-- Rhizobium paknamense was reclassified as Allorhizobium paknamense. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium paranaense]]'' <small>Dall'Agnol ''et al''. 2014</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium petrolearium]]'' <small>Zhang ''et al''. 2012</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium phaseoli]]'' <small>Dangeard 1926 emend. Ramírez-Bahena ''et al''. 2008</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium phenanthrenilyticum]]'' <small>Wen ''et al''. 2011</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium pisi]]'' <small>Ramírez-Bahena ''et al''. 2008</small>
** symbiovar ''trifolii''<ref name="Marek-Kozaczuk">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Marek-Kozaczuk M, Leszcz A, Wielbo J, Wdowiak-Wróbel S, Skorupska A |title=''Rhizobium pisi'' sv. ''trifolii'' K3.22 harboring ''nod'' genes of the ''Rhizobium leguminosarum'' sv. ''trifolii'' cluster |journal=Syst. Appl. Microbiol. |volume= 36|issue= 4|pages= 252–8|year=2013 |pmid=23507586 |doi=10.1016/j.syapm.2013.01.005}}</ref>
** symbiovar ''viciae''<ref name="Marek-Kozaczuk" />
* ''[[Rhizobium pongamiae]]'' <small>Kesari ''et al''. 2013</small><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1155/2013/165198| title = ''Rhizobium pongamiae'' sp. nov. From Root Nodules of Pongamia pinnata| journal = BioMed Research International| volume = 2013| pages = 1–9| year = 2013| last1 = Kesari | first1 = V. | last2 = Ramesh | first2 = A. M. | last3 = Rangan | first3 = L. }}</ref>
* ''[[Rhizobium populi]]'' <small>Rozahon ''et al''. 2014</small>
<!-- Rhizobium pseudoryzae was reclassified as Allorhizobium pseudoryzae. -->
<!-- Rhizobium psychrophilum is not a valid binomial. -->
<!-- Rhizobium pusense was reclassified as Agrobacterium pusense. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium qilianshanense]]'' <small>Xu ''et al''. 2013</small><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Xu | first1 = Lin | last2 = Zhang | first2 = Yong | last3 = Deng | first3 = Zheng Shan | last4 = Zhao | first4 = Liang | last5 = Wei | first5 = Xiu Li | last6 = Wei | first6 = Ge Hong | year = 2013 | title = ''Rhizobium qilianshanense'' sp. nov., a novel species isolated from root nodule of *''Oxytropis ochrocephala'' Bunge in China | journal = Antonie van Leeuwenhoek | volume = 103 | issue = 3 | pages = 559–565 | doi = 10.1007/s10482-012-9840-x}}</ref>
<!--[[Rhizobium radiobacter]] was reclassified as Agrobacterium radiobacter. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium rhizogenes]]'' <small>(Riker ''et al''. 1930) Young ''et al''. 2001</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium rhizoryzae]]'' <small>Zhang ''et al''. 2014</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium rosettiformans]]'' <small>Kaur ''et al''. 2011</small>
<!-- Rhizobium rubi was reclassified as Agrobacterium rubi. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium selenitireducens]]'' <small>corrig. Hunter ''et al''. 2008</small>
<!-- Rhizobium skierniewicense was reclassified as Agrobacterium skierniewicense. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium smilacinae]]'' <small>Zhang ''et al''. 2014</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium soli]]'' <small>Yoon ''et al''. 2010</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium sophorae]]'' <small>Jiao ''et al''. 2014</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium sophoriradicis]]'' <small>Jiao ''et al''. 2014</small>
<!-- Rhizobium sphaerophysae was reclassified as Pararhizobium sphaerophysae. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium straminoryzae]]'' <small>Lin ''et al''. 2014</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium subbaraonis]]'' <small>Ramana ''et al''. 2013</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium sullae]]'' <small>Squartini ''et al''. 2002</small>
<!-- Rhizobium taibaishanense was reclassified as Allorhizobium taibaishanense. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium tarimense]]'' <small>Turdahon ''et al''. 2012</small><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Turdahon M, Osman G, Hamdun M, Yusuf K, Abdurehim Z, Abaydulla G, Abdukerim M, Fang C, Rahman E |title=''Rhizobium tarimense'' sp. nov. isolated from soil in the ancient Khiyik river of Xinjiang, China |journal=Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. |volume= 63|issue= Pt 7|pages= 2424–9|year=2012 |pmid=23203621 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.042176-0}}</ref>
* ''[[Rhizobium tibeticum]]'' <small>Hou ''et al''. 2009</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium tropici]]'' <small>Martínez-Romero ''et al''. 1991</small>
* ''[[Rhizobium tubonense]]'' <small>Zhang ''et al''. 2011</small>
<!-- Rhizobium undicola was reclassified as Allorhizobium undicola. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium vallis]]'' <small>Wang ''et all''. 2011</small><ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Fang Wang |author2=En Tao Wang |author3=Li Juan Wu |author4=Xin Hua Sui |author5=Ying Li Jr. |author6=Wen Xin Chen |last-author-amp=yes |title=''Rhizobium vallis'' sp. nov., isolated from nodules of three leguminous species |journal=Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. |volume=61 |issue=11 |pages=2582–2588 |year=2011 |pmid=21131504 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.026484-0}}</ref>
<!-- Rhizobium vignae was reclassified as Neorhizobium vignae. -->
<!-- Rhizobium vitis was reclassified as Allorhizobium vitis. -->
* ''[[Rhizobium yanglingense]]'' <small>Tan ''et al''. 2001</small><ref name="Berkum" />
* ''[[Rhizobium yantingense]]'' <small>Chen ''et al''. 2015</small>
{{div col end}}
== Filogeni ==
Taksonomi yang diterima saat ini berdasarkan [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN) <ref name="LPSN">{{cite web | author=J.P. Euzéby | url=http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/qr/rhizobium.html | title=''Rhizobium'' | accessdate=2012-05-02 | publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN) | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523231044/http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/qr/rhizobium.html | archivedate=2012-05-23 | df= }}</ref> dan [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI)<ref>{{cite web |author = Sayers| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=227290&lvl=4&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |title=''Rhizobium''/''Agrobacterium'' group |accessdate=2012-05-02 |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
dan filogeninya berdasarkan LTP rilis 106 berbasis 16S rRNA oleh [[The All-Species Living Tree Project]].<ref>[[All-Species Living Tree Project]].{{cite web | url=http://www.arb-silva.de/fileadmin/silva_databases/living_tree/LTP_release_106/LTPs106_SSU_tree.pdf | title=16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 (full tree) | publisher=[[Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database]] | accessdate=2012-05-02 | archive-date=2012-05-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507191840/http://www.arb-silva.de/fileadmin/silva_databases/living_tree/LTP_release_106/LTPs106_SSU_tree.pdf | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q830142}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Commonscat|Root nodules}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rhizobium (Genus)}}
[[Kategori:Biologi]]
[[Category:Rhizobiaceae]]▼
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[[Category:Martinus Beijerinck]]▼
[[Kategori:Pupuk hayati]]
[[Kategori:Nitrogen]]
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