Variola: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Infobox Disease
|Name = Variola
|Image = smallpoxChild with Smallpox Bangladesh.jpg
|Caption = Seorang anak penderita cacar di [[Bangladesh]] pada tahun 1973.
|Caption = Penderita variola.
|ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|03||b|00}}
|ICD9 = {{ICD9|050}}
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|species = '''''Variola vera'''''
}}
'''Variola''' atau '''cacar''' adalah [[penyakit menular]] pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh [[virus]] ''Variola major'' atau ''Variola minor''.<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book|author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors)|title = Sherris Medical Microbiology|url = https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3|edition = 4th ed.|pages = 525–7[https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3/page/525 525]–7|publisher = McGraw Hill|year = 2004|pages = 525–8|isbn = 0838585299 }}</ref> Penyakit ini dikenal dengan nama [[Bahasa Latin|Latinnya]], ''Variola'' atau ''Variola vera'', yang berasal dari kata Latin ''varius'', yang berarti "berbintik", atau ''varus'' yang artinya "jerawat".
 
Variola muncul pada [[pembuluh darah]] kecil di [[kulit]] serta di [[mulut]] dan [[kerongkongan]]. Di kulit, penyakit ini menyebabkan ruam, dan kemudian luka berisi cairan. ''V. major'' menyebabkan penyakit yang lebih serius dengan tingkat kematian 30–35%. ''V. minor'' menyebabkan penyakit yang lebih ringan (dikenal juga dengan alastrim, cottonpox, milkpox, whitepox, dan Cuban itch) yang menyebabkan kematian pada 1% penderitanya.<ref name=Behbehani_1983>{{cite journal |author=Behbehani AM |title=The smallpox story: life and death of an old disease |journal=Microbiol Rev |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=455–509 |year=1983 |pmid=6319980 |pmc=281588 |url=http://mmbr.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=6319980}}</ref><ref name=AFIP>{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071009141639/http://www.afip.org/Departments/infectious/sp/text/1_1.htm |title=Smallpox |accessdate=2008-10-28 |format= |work=Armed Forces Institute of Pathology: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases |archive-date=2007-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009141639/http://www.afip.org/Departments/infectious/sp/text/1_1.htm |dead-url=unfit }}</ref> Akibat jangka panjang infeksi ''V. major'' adalah bekas luka, umumnya di wajah, yang terjadi pada 65–85% penderita.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jezek Z, Hardjotanojo W, Rangaraj AG |title=Facial scarring after varicella. A comparison with variola major and variola minor |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=114 |issue=6 |pages=798–803 |year=1981 |pmid=7315828 }}</ref>
 
== Virus cacar ==
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* [http://cherokeeregistry.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=407&Itemid=617 Image of Amhearst letter to Colonel Henry Bouquet – give smallpox to Indians.]
* [http://www.smallpoxbiosafety.org Smallpox Biosafety: A Website About Destruction of Smallpox Virus Stocks]
* [http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/bt/smallpox/biofacts/index.html Detailed CIDRAP Smallpox overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506170240/http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/bt/smallpox/biofacts/index.html |date=2013-05-06 }}
* [http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/focus/agents_diseases/fact_sheets/smallpox.html Agent Fact Sheet: Smallpox] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628224033/http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/focus/agents_diseases/fact_sheets/smallpox.html |date=2010-06-28 }}, Center for Biosecurity
* [http://www.logicalimages.com/resourcesBTAgentsSmallpox.htm Smallpox Images and Diagnosis Synopsis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080729020333/http://www.logicalimages.com/resourcesBTAgentsSmallpox.htm |date=2008-07-29 }}
* [http://www.poxvirus.org/query.asp?web_taxonomy=variola%20virus Variola Virus Genomes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912094309/http://www.poxvirus.org/query.asp?web_taxonomy=variola%20virus |date=2015-09-12 }} database search results from the Poxvirus Bioinformatics Resource Center
* [http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.do?decorator=pox Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Poxviridae]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
 
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[[Kategori:Penyakit menular]]
 
 
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