Angkat badan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{distinguish|Angkat dagu}} [[Berkas:Marine Pull-ups.jpg|jmpl|Seorang marinir AS melakukan angkat badan]]
'''Angkat badan''' ({{lang-en|pull-up}}) adalah [[latihan kekuatan]] tubuh bagian atas. Angkat badan dilakukan dengan cara menggantungkan tubuh dengan tangan dan mengangkatnya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Darden |first=Ellington |date=14 November 1984 |title=High-Intensity Bodybuilding |url=https://www.amazon.com/High-Intensity-Bodybuilding-Massive-Muscles-Fast/dp/0399511032 |location=New York |publisher=The Putnam Publishing Group |pages=151–153 |isbn=0-399-51103-2 |quote=Behind neck '''chin''' up: ... Use an '''overhand''' grip. |access-date=2019-06-30 |archive-date=2021-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917230026/https://www.amazon.com/High-Intensity-Bodybuilding-Massive-Muscles-Fast/dp/0399511032 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Boff |first=Vic |date=1985 |title=Vic Boff's Body Builder's Bible For Men and Women |url=https://www.amazon.com/Boffs-Body-Builders-Bible-Women/dp/0668056304 |location=New York |publisher=Arco Publishing, Inc. |pages=100–103 |isbn=0-668-05630-4 |chapter=The Ever-Popular Chinning Bar |quote=Natural-Hands Grip: .. palms of your hands turned to the '''front''' ... Reverse-Hands Grip: ... palms of your hands facing your body ... The Neck '''Chin''' ... a wide '''natural'''-hands grip |access-date=2019-06-30 |archive-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313070301/http://www.amazon.com/Boffs-Body-Builders-Bible-Women/dp/0668056304 |dead-url=no }} (paper edition, ISBN changes to 0-668-05625-8 for cloth edition)</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kennedy |first1=Robert |last2=Greenwood-Robinson |first2=Maggie |date=1987 |title=Built! The New Bodybuilding for Everyone! |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Built.html?id=fsuLAAAACAAJ |location=New York |publisher=The Putnam Publishing Group |pages=75–76 |isbn=0-399-51380-9 |chapter=Wide Grip Chins |quote=Take a wide '''overhand''' grip on the chinning bar and slowly hoist your body up until your chin is just above the bar. |access-date=2019-06-30 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630103238/https://books.google.com/books/about/Built.html%3Fid%3DfsuLAAAACAAJ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kennedy |first1=Robert |last2=Ross |first2=Don |date=August 1988 |title=Muscleblasting! Brief and Brutal Shock Training |url=https://www.amazon.ca/Muscleblasting-Brief-Brutal-Shock-Training/dp/0806967587 |location=New York |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. |pages=132 |isbn=0-8069-6758-7 |chapter=Appendix: The Exercises |quote=Chin Ups: Take a fairly wide grip on a chinning bar, palms '''away from''' you ... Close-Grip Chin-Ups: Hands are close together on the chinning bar, palms '''away from''' you ... Reverse Grip Chin-Ups: Use a curling grip (palms '''toward''' you) |access-date=2019-06-30 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630103234/https://www.amazon.ca/Muscleblasting-Brief-Brutal-Shock-Training/dp/0806967587 |dead-url=no }} 2 photographs depicting an overhand (palms forward, pronated) grip and captions:<br>page 99 "Here Clare Furr shows impressively wide lats in her chin-ups."<br>page 132 "James DeMelo does an intense set of chin-ups"</ref>▼
▲'''Angkat badan''' ({{lang-en|pull-up}}) adalah [[latihan kekuatan]] tubuh bagian atas. Angkat badan dilakukan dengan cara menggantungkan tubuh dengan tangan dan mengangkatnya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Darden |first=Ellington |date=14 November 1984 |title=High-Intensity Bodybuilding |url=https://www.amazon.com/High-Intensity-Bodybuilding-Massive-Muscles-Fast/dp/0399511032 |location=New York |publisher=The Putnam Publishing Group |pages=151–153 |isbn=0-399-51103-2 |quote=Behind neck '''chin''' up: ... Use an '''overhand''' grip.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Boff |first=Vic |date=1985 |title=Vic Boff's Body Builder's Bible For Men and Women |url=https://www.amazon.com/Boffs-Body-Builders-Bible-Women/dp/0668056304 |location=New York |publisher=Arco Publishing, Inc. |pages=100–103 |isbn=0-668-05630-4 |chapter=The Ever-Popular Chinning Bar |quote=Natural-Hands Grip: .. palms of your hands turned to the '''front''' ... Reverse-Hands Grip: ... palms of your hands facing your body ... The Neck '''Chin''' ... a wide '''natural'''-hands grip}} (paper edition, ISBN changes to 0-668-05625-8 for cloth edition)</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kennedy |first1=Robert |last2=Greenwood-Robinson |first2=Maggie |date=1987 |title=Built! The New Bodybuilding for Everyone! |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Built.html?id=fsuLAAAACAAJ |location=New York |publisher=The Putnam Publishing Group |pages=75–76 |isbn=0-399-51380-9 |chapter=Wide Grip Chins |quote=Take a wide '''overhand''' grip on the chinning bar and slowly hoist your body up until your chin is just above the bar.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kennedy |first1=Robert |last2=Ross |first2=Don |date=August 1988 |title=Muscleblasting! Brief and Brutal Shock Training |url=https://www.amazon.ca/Muscleblasting-Brief-Brutal-Shock-Training/dp/0806967587 |location=New York |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. |pages=132 |isbn=0-8069-6758-7 |chapter=Appendix: The Exercises |quote=Chin Ups: Take a fairly wide grip on a chinning bar, palms '''away from''' you ... Close-Grip Chin-Ups: Hands are close together on the chinning bar, palms '''away from''' you ... Reverse Grip Chin-Ups: Use a curling grip (palms '''toward''' you)}} 2 photographs depicting an overhand (palms forward, pronated) grip and captions:<br>page 99 "Here Clare Furr shows impressively wide lats in her chin-ups."<br>page 132 "James DeMelo does an intense set of chin-ups"</ref>
== Gerakan ==
[[file:Pull ups 1.svg|tepi|100px]] [[File:Pull ups 2.svg||tepi|100px]]
Gerakan angkat badan diawali dengan melompat lalu mencengkeram palang dengan tangan menghadap ke depan, beserta tangan direntangkan sepenuhnya saat bergelantungan bebas. Kemudian palang ditarik dengan menekuk siku, sampai dagu berada di atas palang.<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://hellosehat.com/kebugaran/kekuatan/manfaat-gerakan-pull-up/%3famp=1|title=Tips Gerakan Pull Up untuk Pemula dan Manfaatnya bagi Kebugaran Tubuh|first=Satria Aji |last=Purwoko|date=7 Mei 2021|website=hellosehat.com|accessdate=18 Februari 2022}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=https://refit.co.id/begini-langkah-untuk-latihan-compound-dan-isolasi/|title=Begini Langkah untuk Latihan Compound dan Isolasi|date=02 Juli 2020|first=Mela|last=Gunawan|accessdate=19 Februari 2022|website=refit.co.id|archive-date=2022-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219041847/https://refit.co.id/begini-langkah-untuk-latihan-compound-dan-isolasi/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Otot yang berkontraksi ==
Bisa dibilang angkat badan adalah gerakan yang melibatkan banyak otot dalam satu gerakan (''compound movements'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fitnessfusioneasthampton.com/personal-fitness-training-and-boot-camp-information-in-northampton-ma-area-of-western-ma/my-3-favorite-compound-exercises|title=MY 3 FAVORITE COMPOUND EXERCISES|date
== Keamanan ==
Organisasi [[American Council on Exercise]] memberikan saran "berhati-hatilah untuk tidak terlalu menekan bahu Anda selama latihan ini".<ref name="ACE">{{cite web |url=http://www.acefitness.org/exerciselibrary/191/pull-ups |title=Pull-up |work=acefitness.org |publisher=[[American Council on Exercise]] |access-date=20 Februari 2022 |archive-date=2010-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721102639/http://www.acefitness.org/exerciselibrary/191/pull-ups |dead-url=no }}</ref> Nyeri siku akibat tendonitis, bursitis, dan terjepitnya saraf ulnaris dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari gerakan angkat badan yang berlebihan dan teknik yang tidak tepat.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://barbrothersteam.com/causes-of-pull-up-elbow-pain/ |title=5 Common Causes of Pull Up Elbow Pain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216104421/http://barbrothersteam.com/causes-of-pull-up-elbow-pain/|archive-date=16 Februari 2016|accessdate=20 Februari 2022}}</ref>
== Angkat badan sebagai tes fisik ==
[[File:Tes Samapta TNI AU 2019.jpg|thumb|Calon siswa TNI AU melakukan serangkaian tes angkat badan.]]
Angkat badan adalah cara umum untuk mengukur kekuatan tubuh bagian atas atau bahu.<ref>{{citeweb|title=Tahapan Tes Pengukuran Kebugaran Jasmani|website=kompas.com|date=1 April 2021|url=https://www.kompas.com/sports/read/2021/04/01/14400098/tahapan-tes-pengukuran-kebugaran-jasmani?amp=1&page=2&jxconn=1*lp041x*other_jxampid*aGRXSDFWZ1JXZHZhNUhOekNITmVsRzdTZzVuT3o1QXNuVUdUamI3bzB2UzRIOWZXdktSU3JsbWt4WkF1dlQ5Vw..|accessdate=19 Februari 2022|archive-date=2022-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219080120/https://www.kompas.com/sports/read/2021/04/01/14400098/tahapan-tes-pengukuran-kebugaran-jasmani?amp=1&page=2&jxconn=1*lp041x*other_jxampid*aGRXSDFWZ1JXZHZhNUhOekNITmVsRzdTZzVuT3o1QXNuVUdUamI3bzB2UzRIOWZXdktSU3JsbWt4WkF1dlQ5Vw..|dead-url=no}}</ref> Angkat badan digunakan sebagai bagian dari tes fisik kesamaptaan jasmani bagi calon bintara [[TNI Angkatan Udara]].<ref>{{citeweb|title=Tes Kesamaptaan Jasmani Casis Bintara T,A 2021 Di Lanud Husein Sastranegara|date=17 Sep 2021|accessdate=18 Februari 2022|url=https://tni-au.mil.id/tes-kesamaptaan-jasmani-casis-bintara-ta-2021-lanud/|website=tni-au.mil.id|archive-date=2022-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218052109/https://tni-au.mil.id/tes-kesamaptaan-jasmani-casis-bintara-ta-2021-lanud/|dead-url=no}}</ref> angkat badan juga digunakan sebagai bagian dari tes kebugaran fisik [[Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat]].<ref>{{citeweb|title=STRONGER, FASTER AND FITTER: CMC OVERHAULS USMC FITNESS PROGRAM|date=1 Juli 2016
== Variasi ==
Baris 23 ⟶ 22:
! width="100%" |Jenis
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|[[File:
|'''Angkat badan berbobot'''
Angkat badan berbobot adalah angkat badan yang menambahkan bobot atau beban ke sabuk pemberat, rompi pemberat, atau helter, dan beberapa beban luar lainnya.<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://barbend.com/weighted-pull-up/|title=How To Perform The Perfect Weighted Pull-Up|date=25 Agustus 2021|first=Eric|last=Bugera|accessdate=19 Februari 2022|website=barbend.com|archive-date=2022-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219034821/https://barbend.com/weighted-pull-up/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|title=The Best Ways To Perform Weighted Pullups|first=Joel|last=Seedman|url=https://www.advancedhumanperformance.com/the-best-ways-to-perform-weighted-pullups#content|accessdate=19 Februari 2022|website=www.advancedhumanperformance.com|archive-date=2022-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219043746/https://www.advancedhumanperformance.com/the-best-ways-to-perform-weighted-pullups#content|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:BTNpullup.gif|100px|Animation of a behind-the-neck pull-up]]
|'''Angkat badan belakang leher'''
Tujuan dari variasi angkat badan ini adalah untuk menyentuh palang dengan bagian belakang leher. Otot latissimus dorsi (punggung) adalah otot yang menerima penekanan lebih besar daripada angkat badan biasa.<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://www.livestrong.com/article/463440-behind-the-neck-pull-ups/|title=Behind-the-Neck Pull-Ups|first=Kevin
|-
|[[File:Onearmpullup.gif|100px|Animation of a one arm pull-up]]
|'''Angkat badan satu lengan'''
Angkat badan satu lengan dilakukan dengan memegang palang hanya dengan satu tangan sambil mengangkat tubuh ke atas. Angkat badan satu lengan dirancang untuk membangun kekuatan tubuh bagian atas, melatih otot inti, dan meningkatkan kekuatan cengkeraman.<ref>{{citeweb|title=How to Master One-Arm Pull-Ups|date=25 Agustus 2021|accessdate=19 Februari 2022|url=https://www.masterclass.com/articles/one-arm-pull-up-guide#what-is-a-onearm-pullup|website=www.masterclass.com|archive-date=2022-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219034817/https://www.masterclass.com/articles/one-arm-pull-up-guide#what-is-a-onearm-pullup|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bodybuilding.com/content/how-to-train-for-a-one-arm-pull-up.html|title=How To Train For A One-Arm Pull-Up|first=Al
|-
|[[File:Muscle-up.gif|100px|Animation of a muscle-up]]
|'''''Muscle-up'''''
''Muscle-up'' mengombinasikan antara gerakan angkat badan dan ''dip''.<ref>{{cite web|title=So schaffst du garantiert den Muscle-up - die Königsdisziplin im Kraftsport|url=https://www.menshealth.de/krafttraining/so-schaffen-sie-einen-muscle-up/|first=Marco
|-
|[[File:Inverted row.jpg|100px]]
|'''''Inverted row'''''
Atur palang sesuai keperluan atau lebih tinggi dari pinggang jika perlu. Posisikan badan terlentang di bawah palang. Palang harus berada di tengah dada, dan punggung tidak menyentuh lantai saat Anda memegang mistar. Tarik palang, ulangi gerakan.<ref>{{citeweb|title=Inverted Row|date=29 September 2021|url=https://www.pushdoctor.co.uk/exercise/inverted-row|accessdate=19 Februari 2022|website=www.pushdoctor.co.uk|archive-date=2022-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219074114/https://www.pushdoctor.co.uk/exercise/inverted-row|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|-
|
|'''''Kipping'''''
Versi yang lebih mudah dari angkat badan di mana tubuh ditekuk secara dinamis untuk membantu mendorong atlet ke atas. Pinggul berayun pertama ke depan dan kemudian ke belakang saat kaki berayun ke depan. Akhirnya, kaki berayun ke bawah lagi, mendorong tubuh ke atas. Versi tercepat di mana kepala mengikuti jalur elips, bergerak mundur di bagian bawah gerakan dan maju di atas, ''kipping'' kadang-kadang disebut angkat badan kupu-kupu.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://library.crossfit.com/free/pdf/32_05_Kipping_Pullup.pdf|title=The Kipping Pullup|date=April 2005|issue=32|published=Crossfit Journal|accessdate=19 Februari 2022|p=1–3|first=Gleg|last=Glassman|journal=|archive-date=2021-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101034751/http://library.crossfit.com/free/pdf/32_05_Kipping_Pullup.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|}
Baris 56 ⟶ 55:
=== Guinness World Record ===
Beban badan:
*Angkat badan terbanyak, 74 repetisi dalam waktu 60 detik oleh Hong Zhongtao pada 2010.<ref>{{cite web
*Angkat badan terbanyak, 1124 repetisi dalam waktu 1 jam oleh Jan Kares pada 2018.<ref>{{cite web
*Angkat badan terbanyak, 5.742 repetisi dalam waktu 12 jam oleh Andrew Shapiro pada 2016.<ref>{{cite web
*Angkat badan terbanyak, 7.715 repetisi dalam 24 jam oleh Brandon Tucker pada 26 Oktober 2019.<ref>{{cite web
*Angkat badan terbanyak, 3.737 repetisi dalam waktu 24 jam oleh Eva Clarke pada 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/103859-most-pull-ups-in-24-hours-female|title=Most pull ups in 24 hours (female)|access-date=2016-11-17|quote=The most pull ups in 24 hours (female) is 3,737 and was achieved by Eva Clarke (Australia) at Al Wahda Mall in Abu Dhabi, UAE on 10 March 2016.|accessdate=18 Februari 2022|date=2016|website=www.guinnessworldrecords.com|archive-date=2020-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116141040/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/103859-most-pull-ups-in-24-hours-female|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Beban badan (variasi):
*Angkat badan ''clap'' terbanyak, 30 repetisi dalam 60 detik oleh Blake Augustine Des 2015.<ref>{{cite web
*Angkat badan kelingking terbanyak berturut-turut, 33 repetisi oleh Tazio Gavioli (Italia) 2018.<ref>{{citeweb|title=Video: Italian breaks pinky pulls ups record after being inspired by his injured cat|first=Rachel|last=Swatman|date=21 Maret 2018|accessdate=18 Februari 2022|website=www.guinnessworldrecords.com|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2018/3/video-italian-breaks-pinky-pulls-ups-record-after-being-inspired-by-his-injured-518790|archive-date=2022-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218111438/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2018/3/video-italian-breaks-pinky-pulls-ups-record-after-being-inspired-by-his-injured-518790|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*''[[Muscle-up]]'' terbanyak berturut-turut, 32 repetisi oleh Maksim Trukhonovets (Belarus) 2021.<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-consecutive-muscle-ups/|title=Most Consecutive Muscle-Ups|quote=The most consecutive muscle ups (male) is 32, and was achieved by Maksim Trukhonovets (Belarus) in Minsk, Minsk Region, Belarus, on 27 November 2021.|accessdate=18 Februari 2022|year=2018|website=www.guinnessworldrecords.com|archive-date=2022-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218112943/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-consecutive-muscle-ups/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Beban tambahan:
*Angkat badan dengan beban tambahan terbanyak, 230,49 pon (104,55
*Angkat badan dengan beban tambahan 40 pon terbanyak, 39 repetisi oleh Ruslan Fatakhov (Kazakhstan) di Shakhtinsk pada 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-pull-ups-in-one-minute-with-a-40-lb-pack/|title=Most pull-ups in one minute with a 40-lb pack|quote=The most pull ups in one minute with a 40 lb pack (male) is 39 and was achieved by
*Angkat badan dengan beban tambahan 60 pon terbanyak dalam 60 detik, 31 repetisi oleh Ruslan Fatakhov (Kazakhstan) di Shakhtinsk pada 2021.<ref>{{cite web
*Angkat badan dengan beban tambahan 100 pon (45
===Record Holders===
Baris 88 ⟶ 87:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Angkat Badan}}
[[Kategori:Latihan
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