Alexander von Humboldt: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{inuse}}{{Infobox scientist|name=Alexander von Humboldt|image=Stieler, Joseph Karl - Alexander von Humboldt - 1843.jpg|image_size=|caption=PortraitLukisan byAlexander von Humboldt oleh [[Joseph Karl Stieler]] (1843)|birth_date=14 September 1769|birth_place=[[Berlin]], [[KingdomPrusia|Kerajaan of Prussia|PrussiaPrusia]], [[HolyKekaisaran RomanRomawi EmpireSuci]]|death_date={{Death date and age|1859|5|6|1769|9|14|df=yes}}|death_place=[[Berlin]], [[PrussiaPrusia]], [[GermanKonfederasi ConfederationJerman]]|resting_place=[[Schloss Tegel]]|nationality=GermanJerman<!--Prussia was a German state culturally speaking and one which lead to the formation of the German nation-state.-->|alma_mater=[[FreibergUniversitas UniversityPertambangan ofdan MiningTeknologi and TechnologyFreiberg|FreibergSekolah SchoolPertambangan of MinesFreiberg]] ([[diploma]], 1792)<br/>[[Viadrina European University|University ofUniversitas Frankfurt (Oder)]] (notanpa degreegelar)<br/>[[University ofUniversitas Göttingen]] (notanpa degreegelar)<br/>[[Universitas Humboldt University of Berlin|University of Berlin]]{{sfn|Rupke|2008|p=116}} (notanpa degreegelar)|field=[[GeographyGeografi]]|known_for=[[BiogeographyBiogeografi]], ''[[Kosmos (Humboldt)|Kosmos]]'' (1845–1862), [[HumboldtArus CurrentHumboldt]], [[magneticBadai stormgeomagnetik]], [[HumboldtianIlmu sciencesains Humboldt]], [[BerlinRomantisisme RomanticismBerlin]]<ref>Helmut Thielicke, ''Modern Faith and Thought'', William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1990, p. 174.</ref>|academic_advisors=[[Markus Herz]], [[Carl Ludwig Willdenow]], [[Abraham Gottlob Werner]]|notable_students=[[Louis Agassiz]]{{sfn|Rupke|2008|p=54}}|influences=[[F.Friedrich W.Wilhelm J.Joseph Schelling]]{{sfn|Rupke|2008|p=116}}<ref>Humboldt attended Schelling's lectures at the [[Humboldt University of Berlin|University of Berlin]] (Schelling taught there 1841–1845), but never accepted his [[natural philosophy]] (see [https://web.archive.org/web/20131104230106/http://www.egs.edu/library/friedrich-wilhelm-joseph-schelling/biography/ "Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling—Biography"] at [[European Graduate School|egs.edu]], Lara Ostaric, ''Interpreting Schelling: Critical Essays'', Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 218, and {{harvnb|Rupke|2008|p=116}}).</ref>|influenced=[[Charles Darwin|Darwin]], [[Alfred Russel Wallace|Wallace]], [[Henry David Thoreau|Thoreau]], [[Walt Whitman|Whitman]], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson|Emerson]], [[John Muir|Muir]], [[Washington Irving|Irving]], [[Ida Laura Pfeiffer]], [[Frederic Edwin Church]], [[Ernst Haeckel]], [[George Perkins Marsh]]|prizes=[[CopleyMedali MedalCopley]] (1852)|signature=Alexander von Humboldt signature.svg}}

'''Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt''' (14 September 1769{{Spaced ndash}}6 Mei 1859) adalah seorang [[Polimatik|polymath]] [[Bangsa Jerman|Jerman]], ahli [[Ahli geografi|geografi]], [[Sejarah alam|naturalis]], [[Daftar penjelajah|penjelajah]], dan pendukung filsafat [[Romantisisme]]and danilmu sains [[Romantisme dalam sains|ilmu pengetahuanRomantisisme]].<ref>Malcolm Nicolson, "Alexander von Humboldt and the Geography of Vegetation", in: A. Cunningham and N. Jardine (eds.), ''Romanticism and the Sciences'', Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 169–188; Michael Dettelbach, "Romanticism and Resistance: Humboldt and "German" Natural Philosophy in Natural Philosophy in Napoleonic France", in: Robert M. Brain, Robert S. Cohen, Ole Knudsen (eds.), ''Hans Christian Ørsted and the Romantic Legacy in Science: Ideas, Disciplines, Practices'', Springer, 2007; Maurizio Esposito, ''Romantic Biology, 1890–1945'', Routledge, 2015, p. 31.</ref> Dia adalah adik dari menteri, filsuf, dan [[Linguistik|ahli bahasa]] Prusia [[Wilhelm von Humboldt]] (1767–1835). <ref>{{Cite news|last=Thubron|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Thubron|date=25 September 2015|title=''The Invention of Nature'', by Andrea Wulf|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/27/books/review/the-invention-of-nature-by-andrea-wulf.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017183940/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/27/books/review/the-invention-of-nature-by-andrea-wulf.html|archive-date=17 October 2016|access-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Jeffrey|year=2014|title=Von Humboldt, Alexander|url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156871/|website=The Encyclopedia of Earth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927171502/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156871/|archive-date=2015-09-27|access-date=2015-09-26|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jackson|first=Stephen T.|title=Alexander von Humboldt and the General Physics of the Earth|url=http://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/dmcfarlane/bio176mcfarlane/pdf%20papers/Humboldt%20hsitory.pdf|work=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=324|pages=596–597|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412023559/http://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/dmcfarlane/bio176mcfarlane/pdf%20papers/Humboldt%20hsitory.pdf|archive-date=2019-04-12|access-date=2015-11-11|url-status=live}}</ref> Karya kuantitatif Humboldt tentang [[geografi]] [[botani]] meletakkan dasar bagi bidang [[biogeografi]]. Advokasi Humboldt tentang pengukuran geofisika sistematis jangka panjang meletakkan fondasi bagi pemantauanobservasi [[Medan magnet Bumi|geomagnetik]] dan [[meteorologi]] modern.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Love|first=J.J.|year=2008|title=Magnetic monitoring of Earth and space|url=http://www.intermagnet.org/publications/Magnetic_monitoring_of_earth_and_space.pdf|journal=Physics Today|volume=February|issue=2|pages=31–37|bibcode=2008PhT....61b..31H|doi=10.1063/1.2883907|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728141158/http://www.intermagnet.org/publications/Magnetic_monitoring_of_earth_and_space.pdf|archive-date=28 July 2019|access-date=29 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Thomson|first=A.|title=Von Humboldt and the establishment of geomagnetic observatories|journal=IAEA-Inis|year=2009|url=http://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=41118488|access-date=2015-03-08|archivedate=2020-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304143542/https://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=41118488}}</ref>