Yuri Andropov: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Masa berkabung diumumkan selama empat hari di Uni Soviet. [[Suriah]]<ref>{{cite news|date=11 February 1984|title=Syria Orders 7 Days of Mourning|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/11/world/syria-orders-7-days-of-mourning.html|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> mendeklarasikan tujuh hari berkabung, [[Kuba]] mendeklarasikan empat hari berkabung<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite news|author1=Michael Dobbs|author2=Washington Post Foreign Service|author3=Also contributing to this story were correspondents Peter Osnos in London|author4=William Drozdiak in Bonn|date=1984-02-11|title=ANDROPOV: DEATH OF A SOVIET LEADER|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/02/11/andropov-death-of-a-soviet-leader/fba54f56-0733-48f1-87fd-e9e921c5f637/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|issn=0190-8286|oclc=1330888409|place=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>, [[India]] mendeklarasikan tiga hari berkabung<ref name="washingtonpost.com" />, [[Bulgaria]], [[Korea Utara]] dan [[Zimbabwe]] mendeklarasikan dua hari berkabung<ref>Указ № 428 от 10 февруари 1984 г. Обн. ДВ. бр. 13 от 14 февруари 1984 г.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kim|first1=Yongho|date=16 December 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WT6kLwt349MC&q=north+korea+declared+nine+day+of+mourning+for+mao&pg=PA60|title=North Korean Foreign Policy: Security Dilemma and Succession|isbn=9780739148648}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|year=1984|title=Strategic Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OT7cAAAAMAAJ&q=declared+three+day+of+mourning+andropov+death34&pg=RA2-PA}}</ref>, [[Cekoslowakia]] dan [[Kosta Rika]] mendeklarasikan satu hari berkabung<ref>{{cite news|last1=Šprinc|first1=Radek|date=14 April 2010|title=Polská tragédie: Hradec vyvěsí vlajky na půl žerdi|url=https://chrudimsky.denik.cz/zpravy_region/polsko_tragedie_mse_hradec_20100413-36ab.html|newspaper=Chrudimský Deník}}</ref><ref name="MourningCR">{{cite web|title=Decretos Ejecutivos sobre Duelo Nacional|url=https://cijulenlinea.ucr.ac.cr/portal/descargar.php?q=MjgxMA==|website=cijulenlinea.ucr.ac.cr}}</ref>. [[Pemakaman Kenegaraan Yuri Andropov|Pemakaman kenegaraan Andropov]] digelar di [[Lapangan Merah]] yang dihadiri oleh para pemimpin asing seperti : Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat [[George H. W. Bush]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mrs. Thatcher will attend Andropov funeral|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/02/11/Mrs-Thatcher-will-attend-Andropov-funeral/2611445323600/|website=UPI|language=en|access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref>, Perdana Menteri Britania Raya [[Margaret Thatcher]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Conference after Andropov's funeral {{!}} Margaret Thatcher Foundation|url=https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105620|website=www.margaretthatcher.org|access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref>, Kanselir Jerman Barat [[Helmut Kohl]], Presiden Italia [[Sandro Pertini]], Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Persatuan Sosialis Jerman (Jerman Timur) [[Erich Honecker]], Sekretaris Pertama Partai Persatuan Buruh Polandia [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]], Perdana Menteri India [[Indira Gandhi]], Pemimpin Kuba [[Fidel Castro]] dan Presiden Irlandia [[Patrick Hillery]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The funeral of President Yuri Andropov gave Western leaders...|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/02/14/The-funeral-of-President-Yuri-Andropov-gave-Western-leaders/8160445582800/|website=UPI|language=en|access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref>. Eulogi pemakaman disampaikan oleh [[Konstantin Chernenko|Chernenko]], [[Dmitry Ustinov|Ustinov]], [[Andrey Gromyko|Gromyko]] dan [[Georgi Markov]] (Ketua Persatuan Penulis Uni Soviet) serta Ivan Senkin (Sekretaris Pertama Komite Regional Karelia Partai Komunis Uni Soviet)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Похороны Юрия Владимировича Андропова|url=http://smena-online.ru/stories/pokhorony-yuriya-vladimirovicha-andropova|website=Журнал «Смена»|access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Burns|first=John F.|date=15 February 1984|title=ANDROPOV BURIED AMID SOMBER MARTIAL GRANDEUR|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/15/world/andropov-buried-amid-somber-martial-grandeur.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref>. Andropov kemudian dikuburkan di [[Nekropolis Tembok Kremlin|Nekropolis Kremlin]].
 
== Kumpulan Pidato dan Karya Andropov ==
 
* {{cite book|date=1964|title=Ленинизм озаряет наш путь|location=Moscow|publisher=Издательство политической литературы|language=ru|trans-title=Leninisme menerangi jalan kita|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|date=1976|title=Ленинизм – наука и искусство революционного творчества|location=Moscow|publisher=Издательство политической литературы|language=ru|trans-title=Leninisme adalah ilmu dan seni kreativitas revolusioner|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|date=1977|title=Коммунистическая убежденность – великая сила строителей нового мира|location=Moscow|publisher=Издательство политической литературы|language=ru|trans-title=Keyakinan teguh komunis adalah kekuatan besar para pembangun dunia baru|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|date=10 October 1977|title=Доклад на торжественном заседании по случаю столетия со дня рождения Ф.Э. Дзержинского|trans-title=Laporan pada pertemuan dalam rangka peringatan seratus tahun kelahiran F.E. Dzerzhinsky|work=[[Izvestiya]]|language=ru}}
* {{cite book|date=1982|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0gtLAAAAMAAJ|title=Шестьдесят лет СССР: доклад на совместном торжественном заседании Центрального Комитета КПСС, Верховного Совета СССР и Верховного Совета РСФСР, в Кремлевском Дворце съездов, 21 декабря 1982 года|location=Moscow|publisher=Издательство политической литературы|language=ru|trans-title=60 Tahun Uni Soviet, sebuah laporan dari pertemuan Komite Pusat Partai Komunis Uni Soviet, Majelis Agung Uni Soviet dan Majelis Agung Republik Sosialis Federasi Soviet Rusia di Kremlin, 21 Desember 1982|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|date=16 November 1982|title=Text of Andropov's speech at Brezhnev's funeral|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/16/world/text-of-andropov-s-speech-at-brezhnev-s-funeral.html|work=[[The New York Times]]}}
* {{cite book|date=1983|url=https://archive.org/details/AndropovSpeechesWritings|title=Speeches and writings|location=Oxford; New York|publisher=Pergamon Press|isbn=978-0080312873}}
* {{cite book|date=1984|title=Selected speeches and articles|location=Moscow|publisher=Progress Publishers|asin=B003UHCKTO}}
* {{cite book|date=1984|title=Speeches, articles, interviews. A Selection|publisher=South Asia Books|isbn=978-0836411652}}
* {{cite book|date=1983|title=Учение Карла Маркса и некоторые вопросы социалистического строительства в СССР|location=Moscow|publisher=Издательство политической литературы|language=ru|trans-title=Ajaran Karl Marx dan beberapa masalah pembangunan sosialis di Uni Soviet|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|date=1984|title=Ленинизм – неисчерпаемый источник революционной энергии и творчества масс. Избранные речи и статьи|location=Moscow|publisher=Издательство политической литературы|language=ru|trans-title=Leninisme adalah sumber energi revolusioner dan kreativitas massa yang tidak ada habisnya. Pidato dan artikel terpilih|url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Andropov|first1=Y.V.|date=1995|title=The birth of ''samizdat''|journal=[[Index on Censorship]]|volume=24|issue=3|pages=62–63|doi=10.1080/03064229508535948|s2cid=146988437|doi-access=free}}
 
== Daftar Referensi ==
<references responsive="" />
 
== Bacaan ==
 
* {{cite book|author1=Beichman, Arnold|author2=Bernstam, Mikhail|date=1983|url=https://archive.org/details/andropovnewchall00beic|title=Andropov, New Challenge to the West|publisher=Stein and Day|isbn=978-0812829211|oclc=9464732}}
* {{cite journal|author=Bialer, Seweryn|date=3 February 1983|title=The Andropov succession|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1983/02/03/the-andropov-succession/|journal=[[The New York Review of Books]]}}
* Downing, Taylor. ''1983: Reagan, Andropov, and a World on the Brink'' (Hachette UK, 2018).
 
* {{cite book|author=Ebon, Martin|date=1983|url=https://archive.org/details/andropovfilelife00ebon|title=The Andropov file: the life and ideas of Yuri V. Andropov, general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0070188617|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite magazine|author=Epstein, Edward|author-link=Edward Jay Epstein|title=The Andropov hoax|magazine=[[The New Republic]]|date=7 February 1983|url=http://www.edwardjayepstein.com/archived/andropov.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020225053843/http://edwardjayepstein.com/archived/andropov.htm|archive-date=25 February 2002|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|last=Epstein|first=Edward Jay|date=1996|url=https://archive.org/details/dossiersecrethis00edwa|title=Dossier: The Secret History of Armand Hammer|location=New York|publisher=[[Random House]]|isbn=978-0679448020|author-link=Edward Jay Epstein}}
* Fischer, Ben B. ''A Cold War conundrum: the 1983 soviet war scare'' (Central Intelligence Agency, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1997). [https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/19970901.pdf online]
 
* {{cite book|author=Glazov, Yuri|date=1985|title=The Russian mind since Stalin's death|publisher=D. Reidel Publishing Company|isbn=978-9027718280|pages=180–221|chapter=Yuri Andropov: a recent leader of Russia|doi=10.1007/978-94-009-5341-3_10}}
* {{cite journal|author=Goodman, Elliot|date=Summer 1984|title=The Brezhnev-Andropov legacy: implications for the future|journal=Survey|volume=28|issue=2|pages=34–69}}
* {{cite book|author=Granville, Johanna|date=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RkaWTipqnecC|title=The first domino: international decision making during the Hungarian crisis of 1956|publisher=Texas A & M University Press|isbn=978-1585442980}}
* {{cite journal|author1=Gribanov, Alexander|author2=Kowell, Masha|date=2009|title=Samizdat according to Andropov|journal=[[Poetics Today]]|volume=30|issue=1|pages=89–106|doi=10.1215/03335372-2008-004}}
* {{cite news|author=Herman, Victor|date=September 1983|title=In Stalin's footsteps: Yuri Andropov: rise of a dictator|url=http://imprimis.hillsdale.edu/in-stalins-footsteps-yuri-andropov-rise-of-a-dictator/|work=[[Imprimis]]}}
* Hough, Jerry F. "Soviet politics under Andropov." ''Current History'' 82.486 (1983): 330-346. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45315201 online]
* Kotkin, Stephen. ''Armageddon Averted: The Soviet Collapse, 1970–2000'' (2nd ed. 2008) [https://www.amazon.com/Armageddon-Averted-Soviet-Collapse-1970-2000-dp-0195368649/dp/0195368649/ excerpt]
* {{cite journal|author=Medvedev, Roy|date=1 January 1984|title=Andropov and the dissidents: the internal atmosphere under the new Soviet leadership|url=http://search.opinionarchives.com/Summary/Dissent/V31I1P97-1.htm|journal=Dissent|volume=31|issue=1|pages=97–102}}
* Olcott, Martha Brill. "Yuri Andropov and the ‘national question’." ''Soviet Studies'' 37.1 (1985): 103-117.
* Ostrovsky, Alexander (2010). [https://ru.bookshome.net/book/3299571/e53580 Кто поставил Горбачёва? (Who put Gorbachev?)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807112401/https://ru.bookshome.net/book/3299571/e53580|date=7 August 2022}} — М.: Алгоритм-Эксмо, 2010. — 544 с. ISBN 978-5-699-40627-2.
* {{cite journal|date=1991|title=П.Л. Капица и Ю.В. Андропов об инакомыслии|trans-title=P.L. Kapitsa and Yu.V. Andropov about dissent|journal=[[Kommunist]]|language=ru|issue=7}}
* {{cite journal|last=Sayle|first=Timothy|date=August 2009|title=Andropov's Hungarian complex: Andropov and the lessons of history|journal=[[Cold War History (journal)|Cold War History]]|volume=9|issue=3|pages=427–439|doi=10.1080/14682740902764528|s2cid=154971262}}
* {{cite book|last1=Solovyov|first1=Vladimir|last2=Klepikova|first2=Elena|date=1983|url=https://archive.org/details/yuriandropovsecr00solo|title=Yuri Andropov: a secret passage into the Kremlin|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0026122900|url-access=registration}}
* Steele, Jonathan; Abraham, Eric. ''Andropov in Power: From Komsomol to Kremlin'' (HIA Book Collection, 1984), [https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jonathan-eric-abraham-steele/andropov-in-power-from-komsomol-to-kremlin/ online review]
* Ticktin, Hillel. "Andropov: Disintegration and discipline: The disintegration of the USSR under the banner of discipline. Andropov and his inheritance". ''Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory'', 16.1 (1988): 111–122.
* {{cite book|last=Whelan|first=Joseph|date=1983|title=Andropov and Reagan as negotiators: contexts and styles in contrast|publisher=Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress|asin=B00DDVND9I}}
* {{cite book|last1=Vinogradov|first1=V.K.|last2=Pogonyi|first2=J.F.|last3=Teptzov|first3=N.V.|year=2005|url=https://archive.org/details/hitlersdeathruss0000vino|title=Hitler's Death: Russia's Last Great Secret from the Files of the KGB|location=London|publisher=Chaucer Press|isbn=978-1-904449-13-3|ref={{sfnRef|Vinogradov et al.|2005}}|url-access=registration}}
 
=== Sumber Utama ===
 
* Johanna Granville, trans., [https://www.scribd.com/doc/14152546/Soviet-Archival-Documents-on-Hungary-OctoberNovember-1956-Translated-by-Johanna-Granville "Soviet Archival Documents on the Hungarian Revolution, 24 October – 4 November 1956"],
* [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/bulletin-no-5-spring-1995 ''Cold War International History Project Bulletin'', no. 5] (Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, Washington, D.C.), Spring 1995, pp.&nbsp;22–23, 29–34.
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