Gelar-gelar Maria: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Baris 29:
Di Gereja Ortodoks dan [[Gereja-Gereja Katolik Timur]], pengangkatan Maria ke surga disebut ''[[Dormisi Bunda Allah|Tertidurnya Bunda Allah]]''. Hari peringatan Tertidurnya Bunda Allah tidak termasuk hari besar utama, karena dasarnya bukanlah Alkitab melainkan tradisi Gereja.
==Descriptive titles of Mary related to visual arts==
{| class="wikitable"
! width=200| Image Type !! width=100| Typical Art Style !! Description
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Vladimirskaya ikona.jpg|100px|center]]
'''''[[Eleusa icon]]'''''<br />
"Our Lady of Tenderness"
|align="center"|[[Byzantine]]
|In this 12th c. depiction by an unknown artist, Mary holds her baby's face to her cheek as an expression of maternal tenderness. The evocative pose was copied two centuries later by the great Russian painter [[Andrei Rublev]]. The original was saved from destruction several times in its history. After the [[Russian Revolution]] it was housed in the [[Tretyakov Gallery]] in [[Moscow]], but representations from the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] ensured it is once again in a nearby church, where services are held;
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Odigitriya Smolenskaya Dionisiy.jpg|100px|center]]
'''''[[Hodegetria]]'''''<br />
"She Who Shows the Way"
|align="center"|[[Byzantine]]
|Mary holds Christ in her left hand and with her right hand she "shows the way" by pointing to Him;
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Presbyter Martinus Madonna als Sedes Sapientiae.jpg|100px|center]]
'''''[[Seat of Wisdom|Sedes Sapientiae]]'''''<br />
"Throne of Wisdom"
|align="center"|[[Romanesque art|Romanesque]]
|Christ is seated in His mother Mary's lap, symbolically the "Throne of Wisdom";
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Toledo Virgen Coro.jpg|100px|center]]
"'''Gothic Madonna'''"
|align="center"|[[Gothic art|Gothic]]
|Based loosely on Byzantine ''[[Hodegetria]]'' iconography; typically depicts a standing, smiling Mary and playful Christ Child; considered one of the earliest depictions of Mary that is strictly [[Western Europe|Western]];<ref>Madonna. (2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 17 February 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: [http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9049913]</ref>
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Giovenone Madonna del latte Trino.jpg|100px|center]]
'''''[[Madonna Lactans]]'''''<br />
"Our Lady Nursing"
|align="center"|Gothic and [[Renaissance art|Renaissance]]
|The Virgin is depicted breastfeeding the Holy Infant. Our Lady Nursing, as painted in the [[Catacomb of Priscilla]] in Rome, c. A.D. 250, is one of the earliest depictions (if not the earliest depiction) of Mary;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catacombepriscilla.com/pagine-eng/regina.htm |title=Catacombe di Priscilla |access-date=2009-08-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101052741/http://www.catacombepriscilla.com/pagine-eng/regina.htm |archive-date=2009-11-01 }}</ref> Discouraged by the [[Council of Trent]] and rare subsequently.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Lippo memmi, madonna della misericordia, Chapel of the Corporal, Duomo, Orvieto.jpg|100px|center]]
'''''Mater Misericordiae'''''<br />
"[[Virgin of Mercy|Virgin/Mother of Mercy]]"
|align="center"|[[Gothic art|Gothic]], [[Renaissance]], [[Baroque]]
|A regal, celestial Mary is depicted covering the faithful in her protective mantle; first arose in the late 13th century in Central Europe and Italy; depiction is commonly associated with [[Plague (disease)|plague]] monuments.{{sfn|Jeep|2001|p=393}}
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Maesta-madonna.jpg|100px|center]]
'''''[[Maestà]]'''''<br />
"Majesty"<br />
of the '''''Virgo Deipara'''''<br />
"Virgin God-bearer"
|align="center"|[[Gothic art|Gothic]]
|Mary is seated in majesty, holding the Christ Child; based on Byzantine ''Nikopoia'' iconography;
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Michelangelo's Pieta 5450 cropncleaned.jpg|100px|center]]
'''''[[Pietà]]''''' <br />
"Pity"<br />
of the '''''[[Mother of Sorrows|Mater Dolorosa]]'''''<br />
"Mother of Sorrows"
|align="center"|[[Renaissance sculpture|Renaissance]]
|Mary cradles the dead body of Jesus Christ after his crucifixion; this type emerged first in the 13th century in Germany as an ''[[Andachtsbild]]'' or devotional icon relating to grief; Italian ''Pietàs'' appeared in the 14th century;<ref>Watts, Barbara. "Pietà". Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press, Retrieved 17 February 2008, http://www.groveart.com/</ref> Michelangelo's ''[[Pietà (Michelangelo)|Pietà]]'' (1498–1499) is considered a masterpiece;
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Antonello da Messina 033.jpg|100px|center]]
'''''Mater Amabilis'''''<br />
"Loving Mother"<br />
commonly, "'''[[Madonna and Child]]'''"
|align="center"|[[Renaissance painting|Renaissance]], [[Baroque]]
|Iconic Western depiction with many variations; based loosely on Byzantine ''Glykophilousa'' ("sweet kisses") iconography; Mary turns her gaze away from the Christ Child as she contemplates His future [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]]; Renaissance emphasis on classical ideal types, realistic human anatomy, and [[linear perspective]] are evident;
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Raphael Madonna della seggiola.jpg|100px|center]]
'''''Madonna della seggiola'''''<br />
"Madonna of the Chair"<br />
|align="center"|[[Renaissance painting|Renaissance round painting]]
|Mary with toddlers Jesus and his cousin, [[John the Baptist]], looking on, painted 1513-1514 during [[Raphael]]'s Roman period. The unusual non-linear style and colouring is more reminiscent of [[Titian]] and [[Sebastiano del Piombo]] and bears out their influence. This painting has been greatly admired by many people, including [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], and by subsequent painters of the stature of [[Ingres]].<ref>[http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/media/pdf/cp%20zoffany2.pdf Zoffany] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018010145/http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/media/pdf/cp%20zoffany2.pdf |date=2014-10-18 }}, RoyalCollection.org, retrieved 18 October 2014</ref>
|}
== Gelar-gelar terdahulu ==
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