Lembaga-lembaga keuangan yang besar mencatat rekeningkekayaannya dalam satuannilai jelai dan [[perak]], sering kali dengan tarifnilai tukar jelai dengan perak yang bersifat tetap. UtangBesaran utang, pinjaman, dan harga barang pada umumnya ditentukan nilainya berdasarkan salah satu didari antara keduadua satuan nilai tersebut. ManyBanyak transactionstransaksi involvedyang berkaitan dengan debtutang, formisalnya exampletransaksi goodspenitipan consignedbarang todagangan merchantsdari bykuil kepada saudagar dan templetraksaksi andpenyetoran beerbir advancedprabayar byoleh "alekriyawati womenbir".<ref name = debt>{{cite book |title= Debt and Economic Renewal in the Ancient Near East|editor=Michael Hudson and Marc Van De Mieroop|last= Hudson|first= Michael|year= 1998|publisher= CDL|location= Bethesda, Maryland|isbn= 978-1-883053-71-0|pages= 23–35}}</ref>
CommercialKredit creditusaha anddagang agriculturaldan consumerkredit loansusaha weretani themerupakan main typesjenis-jenis ofpinjaman loansutama. TheKredit tradeusaha creditdagang wasbiadanya usuallydiberikan extendedoleh bykuil-kuil templesguna in order to financemendanai ekspedisi-ekspedisi dagang dan dinyatakan and was nominated in silver. TheSebelum interesttahun rate2000 wasSM, tingkat bunga sudah setditetapkan atsebesar 1/60 a monthsebulan (onesatu [[shekelsyikal]] per [[mina (unitsatuan)|mina]]), somedan timetidak beforeberubah 2000selama BC and it remained at that level for aboutkira-kira twodua thousandribu yearstahun.<ref name = debt/>
Rural loans commonly arose as a result of unpaid obligations due to an institution (such as a temple), in this case the arrears were considered to be lent to the debtor.<ref name = debt2>{{cite book |title= Debt and Economic Renewal in the Ancient Near East|editor=Michael Hudson and Marc Van De Mieroop|last= Van De Mieroop|first= Marc|year= 1998|publisher= CDL|location= Bethesda, Maryland|isbn= 978-1-883053-71-0|page= 63}}</ref> They were denominated in barley or other crops and the interest rate was typically much higher than for commercial loans and could amount to 1/3 to 1/2 of the loan principal.<ref name = debt/>
