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[[Berkas:Calahorra,_estatua_de_Quintiliano.JPG|jmpl|333x333px|Patung Quintilianus di Calahorra, [[La Rioja]], [[Spanyol]]]]
'''Marcus Fabius Quintilianus''' ({{Circa}}skt. 35 – {{Circa}}skt. 100 M) merupakan seorang [[retorika]] Yunani[[Kekaisaran Romawi|Romawi]] dari [[Hispania]], yang secara luas disebut di sekolah-sekolah retorika [[Abad Pertengahan|abad pertengahan]] dan dalam tulisan [[Abad Renaisans|Renaisans]]. Dalam terjemahan bahasa Inggris, ia biasanya disebut sebagai '''Quintilian '''(/ kwɪnˈtɪliən /), meskipun ejaan alternatif '''Quintillian '''dan '''Quaintilian '''kadang-kadang terlihat, yang terakhir dalam teks-teks lama.
== Kehidupan ==
Setelah kematian Galba, dan selama [[Tahun Empat Kaisar]] yang mengikuti, Quintilian membuka sekolah umum [[retorika]]. Di antara murid-muridnya adalah [[Plinius yang Muda|Plinius Muda]], dan mungkin [[Tacitus]]. Kaisar [[Vespasianus]] menjadikannya seorang ''[[Konsul Romawi|konsul]]. ''Kaisar "secara umum tidak tertarik pada seni, tetapi ... tertarik pada pendidikan sebagai sarana untuk menciptakan kelas penguasa yang cerdas dan bertanggung jawab" (Kennedy, 19). Subsidi ini memungkinkan Quintilianus untuk mencurahkan lebih banyak waktu ke sekolah, karena itu membebaskannya dari masalah moneter yang menekan. Selain itu, ia muncul di pengadilan hukum, berdebat atas nama klien.
Dari kehidupan pribadinya, sedikit yang diketahui. Di Institutio Oratoria, ia menyebutkan seorang istri yang meninggal muda, serta dua putra yang mendahuluinya.{{Butuh rujukan|date=November 2016}}
Quintilianus pensiun dari mengajar dan memohon pada tahun 88,<ref><span>[[Berkas:Wikisource-logo.svg|pra=|13x13px]]</span></ref> pada masa pemerintahan [[Domitianus]]. Pensiun mungkin telah didorong oleh pencapaian keamanan finansial dan keinginannya untuk menjadi seorang pria yang santai. Quintilianus bertahan dari beberapa kaisar; pemerintahan Vespasianus dan [[Titus Flavius Vespasianus|Titus]] relatif damai, tetapi Domitian dianggap sulit. Kekejaman dan paranoia Domitian mungkin telah mendorong ahli retorika untuk menjauhkan diri secara diam-diam. Kaisar tampaknya tidak tersinggung ketika dia membuat tutor Quintilian dari dua keponakannya di tahun 90 M. Dia diyakini telah meninggal sekitar 100, tidak memiliki Domitian yang bertahan lama, yang dibunuh di 96.{{Butuh rujukan|date=November 2016}}
== Karya ==
== Lihat pula ==
* Quadripartita[[Operasi ratioRetorik]]<br />
* [[Dionysian imitatio]]
== Catatan ==
== Referensi ==
* {{Wikicitewikicite|ref={{harvid|De Quincey}}|reference=De Quincey, Thomas. ''[https://archive.org/details/dequinceysliter00dequ De Quincey's Literary Criticism]'', edited with an introduction by H. Darbisire. London: Henry Frowde, 1909.}}
* {{ Wikicitewikicite|ref={{harvid|Dominik}}|reference=Dominik, William J. "The Style Is the Man: Seneca, Tacitus, and Quintilian’s Canon". In ''Roman Eloquence: Rhetoric in Society and Literature'', edited by William J. Dominik,{{Page needed|date=March 2017}}<!--Inclusive page numbers of chapter needed.-->. New York: Routledge, 1997.}} ▼<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFDe_Quincey-ref-">CITEREFDe_Quincey</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFDe_Quincey-reference-">De Quincey, Thomas. ''[[iarchive:dequinceysliter00dequ|De Quincey's Literary Criticism]]'', edited with an introduction by H. Darbisire. London: Henry Frowde, 1909.</div></div></div></div>
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Gwynn}}|reference=[[Aubrey Gwynn|Gwynn, Aubrey]] S.J. ''Roman Education from Cicero to Quintilian.'' New York: Teachers College Press, 1926.}}
▲* {{Wikicite|ref={{harvid|Dominik}}|reference=Dominik, William J. "The Style Is the Man: Seneca, Tacitus, and Quintilian’s Canon". In ''Roman Eloquence: Rhetoric in Society and Literature'', edited by William J. Dominik,{{Page needed|date=March 2017}}<!--Inclusive page numbers of chapter needed.-->. New York: Routledge, 1997.}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Kennedy}}|reference=Kennedy, George. ''Quintilian.'' New York: Twayne Publishers, 1969.}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFDominik-ref-">CITEREFDominik</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFDominik-reference-">Dominik, William J. "The Style Is the Man: Seneca, Tacitus, and Quintilian’s Canon". In ''Roman Eloquence: Rhetoric in Society and Literature'', edited by William J. Dominik,{{Page needed|date=March 2017}}<!--Inclusive page numbers of chapter needed.-->. New York: Routledge, 1997.</div></div></div></div>
* {{Wikicitewikicite|ref={{harvid|GwynnKirkendale}}|reference=[[Aubrey Gwynn|GwynnKirkendale, Aubrey]] S.JUrsula. ''Roman"The EducationSource fromfor CiceroBach's to''Musical QuintilianOffering''". ''Journal Newof York:the TeachersAmerican CollegeMusicological Press,Society'' 33 (1980): 192699–141.}}
* {{ Wikicitewikicite|ref={{harvid|Logie}}|reference=Logie, John. "Quintilian and Roman Authorship". ''Rhetoric Review'' 22.4 (2003): 353–73.}} ▼<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFGwynn-ref-">CITEREFGwynn</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFGwynn-reference-">Gwynn, Aubrey S.J. ''Roman Education from Cicero to Quintilian.'' New York: Teachers College Press, 1926.</div></div></div></div>
* {{Wikicitewikicite|ref={{harvid|KennedyMurphy}}|reference=KennedyMurphy, GeorgeJames J. (ed.). ''Quintilian on the Teaching of Speaking and Writing: Translations from Books One, Two, and Ten of the Institutio Oratoria.'' New YorkEdwardville: TwayneSouthern Illinois University PublishersPress, 19691987.}}
* {{ Wikicitewikicite|ref={{harvid|Quintilianus}}|reference=Quintilianus, Marcus Fabius. ''Institutio Oratoria,'' translated by H.E. Butler. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard University press, 1920.}} ▼<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFKennedy-ref-">CITEREFKennedy</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFKennedy-reference-">Kennedy, George. ''Quintilian.'' New York: Twayne Publishers, 1969.</div></div></div></div>
* {{ Wikicitewikicite|ref={{harvid|Shepherd}}|reference=Shepherd, William. ''[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=F40NAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA97 Life of Poggio Bracciolini]''.{{Full citation needed|date=March 2017}}<!--Place, publisher needed.--> 1837.}} ▼* {{Wikicite|ref={{harvid|Kirkendale}}|reference=Kirkendale, Ursula. "The Source for Bach's ''Musical Offering''". ''Journal of the American Musicological Society'' 33 (1980): 99–141.}}
* {{ Wikicitewikicite|ref={{harvid|Walzer}}|reference=Walzer, Arthur E. "Quintilian's "Vir Bonus" and the Stoic Wise Man." ''Rhetoric Society'' 33.4 (2003): 25-41.}} ▼<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFKirkendale-ref-">CITEREFKirkendale</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFKirkendale-reference-">Kirkendale, Ursula. "The Source for Bach's ''Musical Offering''". ''Journal of the American Musicological Society'' 33 (1980): 99–141.</div></div></div></div>
▲* {{Wikicite|ref={{harvid|Logie}}|reference=Logie, John. "Quintilian and Roman Authorship". ''Rhetoric Review'' 22.4 (2003): 353–73.}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFLogie-ref-">CITEREFLogie</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFLogie-reference-">Logie, John. "Quintilian and Roman Authorship". ''Rhetoric Review'' 22.4 (2003): 353–73.</div></div></div></div>
* {{Wikicite|ref={{harvid|Murphy}}|reference=Murphy, James J. (ed.). ''Quintilian on the Teaching of Speaking and Writing: Translations from Books One, Two, and Ten of the Institutio Oratoria.'' Edwardville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1987.}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFMurphy-ref-">CITEREFMurphy</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFMurphy-reference-">Murphy, James J. (ed.). ''Quintilian on the Teaching of Speaking and Writing: Translations from Books One, Two, and Ten of the Institutio Oratoria.'' Edwardville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1987.</div></div></div></div>
▲* {{Wikicite|ref={{harvid|Quintilianus}}|reference=Quintilianus, Marcus Fabius. ''Institutio Oratoria,'' translated by H.E. Butler. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard University press, 1920.}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFQuintilianus-ref-">CITEREFQuintilianus</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFQuintilianus-reference-">Quintilianus, Marcus Fabius. ''Institutio Oratoria,'' translated by H.E. Butler. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard University press, 1920.</div></div></div></div>
▲* {{Wikicite|ref={{harvid|Shepherd}}|reference=Shepherd, William. ''[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=F40NAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA97 Life of Poggio Bracciolini]''.{{Full citation needed|date=March 2017}}<!--Place, publisher needed.--> 1837.}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFShepherd-ref-">CITEREFShepherd</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFShepherd-reference-">Shepherd, William. ''[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=F40NAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=0&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA97 Life of Poggio Bracciolini]''.<!--Place, publisher needed.--> 1837.</div></div></div></div>
▲* {{Wikicite|ref={{harvid|Walzer}}|reference=Walzer, Arthur E. "Quintilian's "Vir Bonus" and the Stoic Wise Man." ''Rhetoric Society'' 33.4 (2003): 25-41.}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Wikicite</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ref</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFWalzer-ref-">CITEREFWalzer</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="reference" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">reference</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="reference" style="position: relative;" id="CITEREFWalzer-reference-">Walzer, Arthur E. "Quintilian's "Vir Bonus" and the Stoic Wise Man." ''Rhetoric Society'' 33.4 (2003): 25-41.</div></div></div></div>
{{Library resources box |by=yes |onlinebooks=yes |others=yes |about=yes |label=Quintilian
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== Bacaan selanjutnya ==
* Clarke, M.L. ''Rhetoric at Rome: A Historical Survey.'' New York: Routledge, 1996.
* Dozier, Curtis Andrew. "Poetry, Politics, and Pleasure in Quintilian." ''Aesthetic Value in Classical Antiquity.'' 345-363.
* Fantham, Elaine. ''Roman Readings: Roman Response to Greek Literature from Plautus to Statius and Quintilian.'' Beiträge zur Altertumskunde, 277. Berlin; New York: De Gruyter, 2011.
* Galand, P., F. Hallyn, C. Lévy, W. Verbaal, ''Quintilien ancien et moderne. Etudes réunies'', Turnhout 2010, Brepols Publishers, {{ISBN|978-2-503-52865-6}}
* Gernot, Krapinger (ed.), [Quintilian] ''Der Gladiator'' (Groessere Deklamationen, 9). Collana Scientifica, 18. Cassino: Universita\ degli Studi di Cassino, 2007. ▼<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">ISBN</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">978-2-503-52865-6</div></div></div></div>
▲* Gernot, Krapinger (ed.), [Quintilian] ''Der Gladiator'' (Groessere Deklamationen, 9). Collana Scientifica, 18. Cassino: Universita\ degli Studi di Cassino, 2007.
* Kennedy, George Alexander. ''The Art of Rhetoric in the Roman World 300 B.C.–A.D.'' 300. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972.
* Laing, Gordon J. ''Quintilian, the Schoolmaster.'' The Classical Journal 15.9 (1920): 515-34.
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|Quintilian}}
* Short biography of Quintilian: [http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/romans/p/mquintilian.htm About]
* Article on Quintilian from NNBD: [http://www.nndb.com/people/898/000087637/ Quintilian]
* [http://roderic.uv.es/handle/10550/2407/browse?value=Quintili%C3%A0%2C+Marc+Fabi%2C+ca.+30-ca.+95&type=author Works by Quintilian] at [http://roderic.uv.es/handle/10550/43 Somni]
** [http://roderic.uv.es/uv_ms_0292 ''De institutione oratoria''], digitized codex, 1482
** [http://roderic.uv.es/uv_ms_0692 ''De institutione oratoria''], digitized codex, 1473
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Quintilianus,+Marcus+Fabius}}<br />
* {{Internet Archive author |search=("Quintillian" OR "Quintilianus" OR "Quinctilian")}}
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* {{Internet ArchiveLibrivox author |id=2003}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Internet Archive author</div></div></div>
* {{Librivox author|id=2003}}
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