|
|image_size =
|caption = Satelit [[NASA]] yang memperlihatkan daerah kebakaran hutan.
|area = Lebih dari {{convert|16800000|hectare}}< name="Reuters20200114">{{cite news |author=Green, Matthew |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-australia-report/australias-massive-fires-could-become-routine-climate-scientists-warn-idUSKBN1ZD06W |title=Australia's massive fires could become routine, climate scientists warn |work=Reuters |date=14 Januari 2020 |accessdate=14 Januari 2020}}</ref>
|area = Lebih dari {{convert|10700000|hectare}}
| injuries = total 41<br/>{{bulleted list|41 pemadam kebakaran}}{{small|(di 3 daerah pada 21 Desember 2019)}}
|fatalities = total 28<br/>{{bulleted list|25 penduduk sipil|3 pemadam kebakaran}}{{small|(per 8 Januari 2020)}}
|next=Musim kebakaran hutan Australia 2020–2021
}}
'''Musim kebakaran hutan Australia''' '''2019–202019–2020''' adalah serangkaian [[Kebakaran liar|kebakaran hutan]] yang saat ini membakar di berbagai penjuru di Australia, terutama di daerah tenggara. Musim kebakaran 2019-20 adalah musim dengan intensitas yang menonjol dibandingkan dengan [[Daftar musim kebakaran hutan Australia|musim sebelumnya]] karena telah membakar sekitar {{Convertconvert|1016.78|e6ha|e6acre km2 sqmi|abbr=off|lk=on}},<ref name="ninenews20200104">{{Cite web|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/australian-bushfires-17-million-hectares-burnt-more-than-previously-thought/b8249781-5c86-4167-b191-b9f628bdd164|title=Government set to revise total number of hectares destroyed during bushfire season|website=www.9news.com.au|access-date=14 Januar 2020}}</ref> menghancurkan lebih dari 5.900 bangunan (termasuk lebih dari 2.204 rumah) dan menewaskan 28 orang hingga 8 Januari 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/the-numbers-behind-australia-s-catastrophic-bushfire-season|title=The numbers behind Australia's catastropic bushfire season|date=5 January 2020|website=[[SBS News]]|access-date=8 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/woman-dies-from-bushfire-smoke-in-canberra-after-exiting-qantas-plane/news-story/280f1c9bb729c5c4f3377f97936b5cda Woman dies from bushfire smoke in Canberra after exiting plane]{{Cite web|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/bushfires-near-me-live-updates-thousands-flee-nsw-south-coast-before-saturday-australia/67fb80dd-ac95-4c30-92e2-3f0aca5c45b1|title=Australian bushfires: Twenty-eight missing in Victorian bushfire zones|website=www.9news.com.au|access-date=3 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/australian-troops-prepare-for-bushfire-emergency-evacuations-by-sea/live-coverage/cf3d149ec9bbb9b7eb808e663eec8a28|title=Bushfires live updates: Troops prepare for emergency evacuations by sea|date=2 Januari 2020|website=[[News.com.au]]|access-date=3 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref name="GUARDIAN">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2020/jan/01/australia-bushfires-new-south-wales-victoria-fires-news-latest-live-updates|title=NSW and Victoria fires live: three more deaths confirmed in Australia bushfires and hundreds of homes destroyed – latest updates|date=31 December 2019|website=The Guardian|access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/more-than-720-homes-lost-in-nsw-fires-as-sydney-told-to-brace-for-huge-losses-20191211-p53iv5.html|title=More than 720 homes lost in NSW fires as Sydney told to brace for huge losses|date=10 Desember 2019|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211202142/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/more-than-720-homes-lost-in-nsw-fires-as-sydney-told-to-brace-for-huge-losses-20191211-p53iv5.html|archive-date=11 Desember 2019|access-date=12 Desember 2019}}</ref><ref name="Dec21ADL">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/dec/21/australian-bushfires-death-toll-rises-as-temperatures-soar-in-severe-heatwave|title=Bushfire death toll rises as fires sweep across South Australia and NSW|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060338/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/dec/21/australian-bushfires-death-toll-rises-as-temperatures-soar-in-severe-heatwave|archive-date=21 Decsember 2019|access-date=21 Desember 2019}}</ref><ref name="7news">{{Cite web|url=https://7news.com.au/news/bushfires/australian-bushfires-burn-more-land-than-amazon-and-california-fires-combined-c-632478|title=Australian bushfires burn more land than Amazon and California fires combined|website=[[Seven News]]|access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref> Kebakaran hutan ini dianggap oleh [[Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran Pedesaan New South Wales|NSW Rural Fire Service]] sebagai musim kebakaran terburuk dalam ingatan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/worst-bushfire-conditions-ever-seen-unprecedented-danger-is-a-firefighters-nightmare/news-story/04ebdcf6ae95c04923cd91dd2486aeed|title=Worst bushfire conditions ever seen: Unprecedented danger is 'a firefighter's nightmare'|date=12 November 2019|website=News.com.au|language=en|access-date=1 Januari 2020}}</ref> Pada Desember 2019, Pemerintah [[Pemerintah New South Wales|New South Wales]] mendeklarasikan [[keadaan darurat]] setelah suhu yang memecahkan rekor dan [[Kekeringan di Australia|kekeringan]] yang berkepanjangan memperburuk kebakaran hutan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/australia-declares-state-emergency-heatwave-fans-bushfires-191219004935370.html|title=Australia declares state of emergency as heatwave fans bushfires|website=www.aljazeera.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219014150/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/australia-declares-state-emergency-heatwave-fans-bushfires-191219004935370.html|archive-date=19 Desember 2019|access-date=19 Desember 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-50837025|title=Australia all-time temperature record broken again|date=19 December 2019|access-date=19 Desember 2019|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218232452/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-50837025|archive-date=18 Desember 2019}}</ref> Diperkirakan hampir setengah miliar hewan di New South Wales terkena dampak kebakaran ini.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Harvey|first=Josephine|date=2 Januari 2020|title=Nearly Half A Billion Animals Feared Dead In Australian Wildfires|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/australian-wildfires-480-million-animals-dead_n_5e0d58e5e4b0b2520d1cb47f|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|location=|access-date=3 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=|title=Australia fires: How do we know how many animals have died?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/50986293|work=BBC|access-date=4 Januari 2020}}</ref> Perkiraan lain, yang mencakup binatang seperti kelelawar, amfibi, dan invertebrata, menyebutkan jumlahnya dapat mencapai lebih dari satu miliar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/billion-animals-australia-fires_n_5e13be43e4b0843d361778a6|title=Number Of Animals Feared Dead In Australia’s Wildfires Soars To Over 1 Billion|last=Harvey|first=Josephine|date=6 Januari 2020|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|access-date=7 Januari 2020|location=|ref=HuffPo billion animals killed}}</ref> Para ahli ekologi khawatir beberapa [[Spesies terancam|spesies yang terancam punah]] akan didorong [[kepunahan]] oleh kebakaran ini.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Readfearn|first=Graham|date=3 Januari 2020|title='Silent death': Australia's bushfires push countless species to extinction|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/04/ecologists-warn-silent-death-australia-bushfires-endangered-species-extinction|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=|access-date=8 Januari 2020}}</ref>
Sejak September 2019, kebakaran hebat mempengaruhi berbagai [[New South Wales|wilayah di negara bagian New South Wales]], seperti [[Pantai Utara New South Wales|Pantai]] [[Mid North Coast|Utara]], [[Mid North Coast|Pantai Utara Tengah]], [[Wilayah Hunter]], [[Kota Hawkesbury|Hawkesbury,]] dan [[Wollondilly Shire|Wollondilly]] di ujung barat laut [[Sydney]], [[Pegunungan Biru Australia|Blue Mountains]], [[Illawarra]], dan [[Pantai Selatan (New South Wales)|Pantai Selatan]], dengan lebih dari 100 kebakaran terjadi di seluruh negara bagian. Di Victoria [[Gippsland Timur|timur]] dan [[Gippsland Timur|timur]] [[Victoria Timur Laut|laut]] sejumlah wilayah hutan yang besar terbakar tak terkendali selama empat minggu sebelum kebakaran muncul dari hutan tersebut pada akhir Desember, merenggut nyawa, mengancam banyak kota dan mengisolasi [[Corryong]] dan [[Mallacoota]]. [[Daerah bencana|Keadaan bencana]] dideklarasikan untuk [[Gippsland Timur|East Gippsland]].<ref name="The Guardian">{{Cite news|last=Daniel|first=Andrews|title=Premier|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/03/victoria-fires-state-of-disaster-declared-as-evacuation-ordered-and-second-man-found-dead|access-date=3 Januari 2020|agency=Victorian Premiers Department|work=Guardian Australia|date=3 Januari 2020}}</ref> Kebakaran signifikan terjadi di [[Adelaide Hills|Bukit Adelaide]] dan [[Pulau Kanguru]] di [[Australia Selatan]]. Daerah cukup terpengaruh adalah [[Queensland Tenggara]] dan wilayah barat daya [[Australia Barat]], dengan beberapa daerah di [[Tasmania]] dan [[Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|ACT]] yang agak terpengaruh.
| align="right" |20
| align="right" |1.687
| align="right" |45.900200.000
| align="right" |12.100800.000
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytelegraph9news.com.au/newsnational/nsw/nswaustralian-bushfires-national17-supportmillion-forhectares-communitiesburnt-ravagedmore-bythan-firepreviously-asthought/b8249781-nsw5c86-death4167-tollb191-climbs-to-20/news-story/9b151f9cfc2570fc8ca7e43c820ff4ec|title=NSW death toll climbs to 20, Aussies and world dig deepb9f628bdd164|date=614 JanuariJanuary 2020|website=www.dailytelegraph.com.au|language=en|access-date=614 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-07/nsw-bushfire-threat-dry-windy-weather-to-return-friday/11844556|title=Fire in NSW leaves more than 2,000 homes damaged or destroyed as authorities brace for bad conditions|date=7 Januari 2020|website=abc.net.au|language=en|access-date=7 JanuariJanuary 2020}}</ref><ref name="guardian8mil">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/datablog/ng-interactive/2019/dec/07/how-big-are-the-fires-burning-on-the-east-coast-of-australia-interactive-map|title=How big are the fires burning in Australia? Interactive map|date=7 Januari 2020|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|access-date=7 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/the-summer-from-hell-how-the-fire-season-has-unfolded-20200103-p53onh.html|title=The fire season started in September. By November, it was deadly|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|location=Australia|access-date=8 Januari 2020}}</ref> Rekor tertinggi lahan yang terbakar
|-
! scope="row" |Wilayah Utara
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |5
| align="right" |06.800.000
| align="right" |016.800.000
|<ref name="7newslatest7th2">{{cite web|url=https://7news.com.au/news/bushfires/australia-bushfire-latest-state-by-state-breakdown-of-all-areas-affected-by-blazes-c-630858|title=Australia bushfire latest: State-by-state breakdown of all areas affected by blazes|website=[[Seven News]]|location=Australia|access-date=7 Januari 2020}}</ref>
|-
| align="right" |3
| align="right" |161
| align="right" |274490.000
| align="right" |6771.210.000
|<ref name="guardian107m5"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/dec/21/australian-bushfires-death-toll-rises-as-temperatures-soar-in-severe-heatwave|title=Bushfire death toll rises as fires sweep across South Australia and NSW|website=[[The Guardian]]|location=Australia|access-date=8 Januari 2020}}</ref>
|-
| align="right" |4
| align="right" |300
| align="right" |1.200400.000
| align="right" |23.970460.000
|<ref name="auto22">{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-06/bushfires-in-victoria-destroy-at-least-200-homes/11844292|title=Fires in Victoria destroy estimated 300 homes, former police chief to lead Bushfire Recovery Victoria|date=6 Januari 2020|website=ABC|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=6 Januari 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |1
| align="right" |12.700200.000
| align="right" |45.200440.000
|<ref name="guardian107m5"/>
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="font-weight:bold; text-align:right;" |28
| style="font-weight:bold; text-align:right;" |2.204+
| style="font-weight:bold; text-align:right;" |1018.700622.000
| style="font-weight:bold; text-align:right;" |2646.400000.000
|{{efn|[[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|Jika dibandingkan dengan beberapa negara]], luas lahan ini bisa menjadi yang terbesar ke-10690, lebih besar dari [[Islandia]] dan [[Korea Selatan]] dan hampir sama luasnya dengan Provinsi [[Papua Barat]] di [[IndonesiaSuriname]].}}{{efn|Perbandingan dengan peristiwa kebakaran hutan lain di Australia:
* Musim kebakaran hutan 1974-1975 membakar lahan seluas 102 juta hektar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.dfes.wa.gov.au/publications/GeneralReports/FESA_Report-NationalInquiryonBushfireMitigationandManagement.pdf|title=COAG National Inquiry on Bushfire Mitigation and Management|last=Ellis, Kanowski & Whelan|publisher=Persemakmuran Australia|year=2004|pages=341}}</ref>
* [[Kebakaran hutan Victoria 2009|Kebakaran Sabtu Kelabu]] di [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] menewaskan 173 orang, melukai 414 orang, dan menghancurkan 2.029 rumah.}}<ref name="guardian107m5">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2020/jan/08/nsw-fires-live-updates-victoria-bushfires-south-australia-fire-sa-australian-bushfire-near-me-rfs-cfa-latest-news-wednesday|title=Australia fires live: third death in Victoria confirmed as NSW bushfires communities assess damage – latest updates|website=[[The Guardian]]|location=Australia|access-date=8 Januari 2020}}</ref> Total perkiraan wilayah terdampak hingga 814 Januari 2020, angka terkini mungkin lebih besar.
|}
== Potensi kebakaran ==
Tinjauan Perubahan Iklim Garnaut] tahun 2008 menyatakan:<ref name="garnaut2008">{{cite web|url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/wayback/20190509072839/http://www.garnautreview.org.au/chp5.htm|title=The Garnaut Climate Change Review|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|date=30 September 2008|author=Garnaut, Ross|author-link=Ross Garnaut|access-date=11 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref name="7news20200107">{{cite web|url=https://7news.com.au/news/bushfires/australian-bushfires-garnaut-report-predicts-observable-increase-of-fire-intensity-by-2020-c-636017|title=Australian bushfires: Garnaut report predicts 'observable' increase of fire intensity by 2020|author=Woolley, Summer|work=7News|date=7 Januari 2020|access-date=11 Januari 2020}}</ref>
''Prakiraan cuaca kebakaran terkini (Lucas, ''et al.'', 2007)<ref name="lucas2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.cmar.csiro.au/e-print/open/2007/hennesseykj_c.pdf|title=Bushfire Weather in Southeast Australia: Recent Trends and Projected Climate Change Impacts|publisher=CSIRO|author1=Lucas, C.|author2=Hennedssy, K.|author3=Mills, G.|author4=Bathols, J.|date=September 2007|access-date=11 Januari 2020}}</ref> menyatakan bahwa musim kebakaran akan dimulai lebih awal, berakhir sedikit kemudian, dan umumnya menjadi lebih intens. Efek ini meningkat seiring waktu, tetapi harus dapat diamati secara langsung pada tahun 2020.''
| 