Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dia dilahirkan di [[Auxerre]] di [[departemen]] [[Yonne]], [[Prancis]]. Dia merupakan anak seorang penjahit, dan dididik oleh [[Ordo Santo Benediktus]].

 

Dia pergi bersama [[Napoleon]] dalam ekspedisi Timurnya pada [[1798]], dan dijadikan gubernur Mesir Rendah. Diputus dari Prancis oleh Armada Inggris, dia mengatur sebuah bengkel (''workshop'') di mana pasukan Prancis harus bergantung kepadanya untuk munisi perang.

 

Fourier is also credited with the discovery in his essay in [[1824]] that gases in the atmosphere might increase the surface temperature of the Earth. This was the effect that would later be called the [[greenhouse effect]]. He established the concept of planetary energy balance. That planets obtain energy from number of sources that causes temperature increase. Planets also lose energy by [[infrared radiation]] (that Fourier called "chaleur obscure" or "dark heat") with the rate increasing with temperature. Therefore some temperature balance is reached. And atmosphere shifts the balance toward the higher temperatures due to consumption of radiation. Fourier recognized that Earth primarily gets energy from [[Sun radiation]] for which [[atmosphere]] is [[transparent]] and that internal Earth heat doesn't contribute much to the energy balance. However he incorrectly believed that there is a significant contribution of radiation from interplanetary space. Fourier reported on an experiment by M. de Saussure with a black box exposed to the Sun, and in which if thin glass is put on top of the box the temperature inside of the box increases [http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/fourier_1827.html#text]. [[Infrared radiation]] was only discovered by [[Frederick Herschel]] 25 years later. Fourier understood that rate of [[infrared radiation]] increases with temperature but exact form of this dependency [[Stefan-Boltzmann law]] (fourth-power law) was only discovered 50 years later.

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