John Stuart Mill: Perbedaan antara revisi

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| school_tradition = [[Empirisme]]<br />[[Utilitarianisme]]<br />[[Konsekuensialisme]]<br />[[Psikologisme]]<br />[[Liberalisme klasik]]
| main_interests = [[Filsafat politik]], etika, ilmu ekonomi, [[logika induktif]]
| influences = {{hlist|[[Plato]]|[[Aristotle]]|[[Socrates]]|[[Demosthenes]]|[[Epicurus]]|[[Thomas Aquinas|Aquinas]]|[[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]]|[[John Locke|Locke]]|[[David Hume|Hume]]|[[Charles Babbage|Babbage]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Hyman |first=Anthony |title=Charles Babbage: Pioneer of the Computer |url=https://archive.org/details/charlesbabbagepi0000hyma |year=1982 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |pages=120–121[https://archive.org/details/charlesbabbagepi0000hyma/page/120 120]–121 |quote=What effect did Babbages ''Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers'' have? Generally his book received little attention as it not greatly concerned with such traditional problems of economics as the nature of 'value'. Actually the effect was considerable, his discussion of factories and manufactures entering the main currents of economic thought. Here it must suffice to look briefly at its influence on two major figures; John Stuart Mill and Adam Smith}}</ref>|[[George Berkeley|Berkeley]]|[[Jeremy Bentham|Bentham]]|[[Francis Place]]|[[James Mill]]|[[Harriet Taylor Mill]]|[[Adam Smith|Smith]]|[[Nassau William Senior|Senior]]|[[David Ricardo|Ricardo]]|[[Alexis de Tocqueville|Tocqueville]]|[[Wilhelm von Humboldt|W. von Humboldt]]|[[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]]|[[Alexander Bain (philosopher)|Bain]]|[[François Guizot|Guizot]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Varouxakis |first1=Georgios |title=Guizot's historical works and J.S. Mill's reception of Tocqueville |journal=History of Political Thought |date=1999 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=292–312 |jstor=26217580 }}</ref>|[[Auguste Comte]]|[[Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon|Saint-Simon]] ([[Utopian socialism|Utopian Socialists]])<ref>{{cite journal |author=Friedrich Hayek |title=The Counter-Revolution of Science |year=1941 |journal=Economica |volume=8 |issue=31 |pages=281–320 |doi=10.2307/2549335 |jstor=2549335|author-link=Friedrich Hayek }}</ref>|[[Jean-François Marmontel|Marmontel]]<ref name="gutenberg.org">[http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/10378/pg10378.html "The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autobiography, by John Stuart Mill"] gutenberg.org. Diakses 11 Juni 2013.</ref>|[[William Wordsworth|Wordsworth]]<ref name="gutenberg.org" />|[[Samuel Taylor Coleridge|Coleridge]]<ref name="gutenberg.org" />|[[Johann Gottfried Herder|Herder]]<ref>Michael N. Forster, ''After Herder: Philosophy of Language in the German Tradition'', Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 9.</ref>|[[Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi|Sismondi]]}}
| influenced = {{hlist|[[Social liberalism]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Ralph Raico|url=https://mises.org/library/john-stuart-mill-and-new-liberalism|title=John Stuart Mill and the New Liberalism|editor=Mises Institute|date=27 January 2018}}</ref>|[[Bertrand Russell|Russell]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Autobiography|chapter=2: Adolescence|publisher=Psychology Press|year=1998|isbn=9780415189859 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SlMrmmrNuEoC|author=Bertrand Russell}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://richarddawkins.net/articles/4833 |title=Bertrand Russell on God |year=1959 |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=8 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100126090302/http://richarddawkins.net/articles/4833 |archive-date=26 January 2010 }}</ref>|[[Roger Crisp|Crisp]]|[[Max Weber|Weber]]<ref name="Mommsen">{{cite book |last1=Mommsen |first1=Wolfgang J. |title=Max Weber and His Contemporaries |date=2013 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |pages=8–10}}</ref>|[[José Ortega y Gasset|Ortega y Gasset]]}}
| notable_ideas = [[Public sphere|Public]]/[[private sphere]], [[social liberty]], hierarchy of pleasures in [[utilitarianism]], [[rule utilitarianism]], [[classical liberalism]], early [[liberal feminism]], [[harm principle]], [[Mill's Methods]], [[direct reference theory]], [[Millian theory of proper names]], [[emergentism]]
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Pada tahun 1851, Mill menikahi [[Harriet Taylor Mill|Harriet Taylor]] setelah 21 tahun menjalin persahabatan yang akrab. Ketika pertama kali bertemu, Taylor telah menikah. Hubungan mereka dekat tetapi umumnya diyakini tidak bersifat romantis selama bertahun-tahun sebelum suami Taylor meninggal pada tahun 1849. Mill dan Taylor menunggu dua tahun sebelum akhirnya menikah pada tahun 1851. Taylor adalah pengaruh yang signifikan pada pekerjaan dan ide-ide Mill selama masa persahabatan dan pernikahan mereka. Hubungannya dengan Taylor memperkuat advokasi Mill tentang [[Hak wanita|hak-hak perempuan]]. Dia mengatakan bahwa dalam pendiriannya dia melawan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, dan untuk hak-hak perempuan dia "terutama seorang amanuensis untuk istrinya". Dia menyebut pemikiran istrinya sebagai "instrumen yang sempurna", dan mengatakan bahwa istrinya adalah adalah "orang yang paling kompeten dari semua yang dikenalnya". Mill mengutip pengaruh istrinya dalam revisi terakhir ''On Liberty'', yang diterbitkan tak lama setelah kematian istrinya. Taylor meninggal pada tahun 1858 setelah mengalami [[edema paru]] yang parah, setelah hanya tujuh tahun menikah dengan Mill.
 
Mill terpilih sebagai anggota ''American Philosophical Society'' pada tahun 1867. <ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1867&year-max=1867&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|website=search.amphilsoc.org|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref> Dia juga merupakan [[Wali baptis|ayah baptis]] filsuf [[Bertrand Russell]]. Mengenai agama, Mill adalah seorang agnostik dan [[Skeptisisme|skeptis]]. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=28 March 1885|title=Editorial Notes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mbxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA203|journal=Secular Review|volume=16|page=203|quote=It has always seemed to us that this is one of the instances in which Mill approached, out of deference to conventional opinion, as near to the borderland of [[Immanuel Kant|Cant]] as he well could without compromising his pride of place as a recognised thinker and sceptic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Linda C. Raeder|year=2002|title=John Stuart Mill and the Religion of Humanity|url=https://archive.org/details/johnstuartmillre00raed|publisher=University of Missouri Press|isbn=978-0826263278|page=[https://archive.org/details/johnstuartmillre00raed/page/65 65]|chapter=Spirit of the Age|quote=Comte welcomed the prospect of being attacked publicly for his irreligion, he said, as this would permit him to clarify the nonatheistic nature of his and Mill's "atheism".}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Larsen|first=Timothy|year=2018|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EP9eDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA15|title=John Stuart Mill: A Secular Life|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780198753155|page=14|quote=A letter John wrote from Forde Abbey when he was eight years old casually mentions in his general report of his activities that he too had been to Thorncombe parish church, so even when Bentham had home-field advantage, the boy was still receiving a Christian spiritual formation. Indeed, Mill occasionally attended Christian worship services during his teen years and thereafter for the rest of his life. The sea of faith was full and all around}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Larsen|first=Timothy|date=7 December 2018|title=A surprisingly religious John Stuart Mill|url=https://blog.oup.com/2018/12/surprisingly-religious-john-stuart-mill/|quote=TL: Mill decided that strictly in terms of proof the right answer to that question of God's existence is that it is 'a very probable hypothesis.' He also thought it was perfectly rational and legitimate to believe in God as an act of hope or as the result of one’s efforts to discern the meaning of life as a whole.}}</ref> Mill meninggal pada tahun 1873, tiga belas hari sebelum ulang tahunnya yang ke-67, karena [[erisipelas]] di [[Avignon]], Prancis, di mana tubuhnya dimakamkan bersama istrinya.
 
== Karya dan pemikiran ==