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'''Immanuel Kant''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|k|æ|n|t}},<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive}}. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive}}. ''[[Kamus Lengkap Random House Webster|Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|k|ɑː|n|t}},<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{IPA-de|ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl ˈkant, -nu̯ɛl|lang}};<ref>{{Cite web|title=Immanuel|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|website=[[Duden]]|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055817/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|archive-date=20 December 2020|access-date=20 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kant|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|website=Duden|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020182053/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|archive-date=20 October 2018|access-date=20 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> 22 April 1724 – 12 Februari 1804) adalah seorang [[Filsafat|filsuf]] Jerman dan salah satu intelektual utama [[Abad Pencerahan]].<ref name="McCormick">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=McCormick|encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|access-date=20 February 2019|archivedate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Rohlf 2020">{{Citation|last=Rohlf|first=Michael|title=Immanuel Kant|date=2020|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/kant/|journal=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Spring 2020|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=2020-05-27|archivedate=3 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903101055/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/kant/}}</ref> Kant lahir di [[Königsberg]] dan menghabiskan sebagian besar hidupnya di kota itu. Karya Kant yang komprehensif dan sistematis dalam bidang [[epistemologi]], [[metafisika]], [[etika]], dan [[estetika]] telah menjadikannya salah satu tokoh paling berpengaruh dalam [[filsafat Barat]] modern.<ref name="McCormick" /><ref name="Brittanica">{{Cite web|title=Immanuel Kant {{!}} Biography, Philosophy, Books, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Immanuel-Kant|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616235359/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Immanuel-Kant|archive-date=16 June 2015|access-date=2020-05-27|url-status=live}}</ref>
Dalam gagasannya tentang [[idealisme transendental]], Kant berargumen bahwa [[ruang]] dan [[waktu]] hanyalah "bentuk intuisi" yang membentuk semua [[pengalaman]]. Oleh karena itu, meski "[[An sich|hal-hal-dalam-dirinya]]" itu ada dan berkontribusi pada pengalaman, namun itu tetap berbeda dari objek pengalaman. Dari sini dapat disimpulkan bahwa objek pengalaman hanyalah apa yang tampak, dan sifat segala sesuatu dalam pada dirinya sendiri (''an sich'') tidak dapat diketahui oleh manusia.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Durant|first=Will|last2=Durant|first2=Ariel|date=1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cq2ffQUf1GIC|title=The Story of Civilization: Rousseau and Revolution|publisher=MJF Books|isbn=978-1-56731-021-4|pages=571, 574|access-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055815/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cq2ffQUf1GIC|archive-date=20 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Warburton2">{{Cite book|last=Nigel Warburton|year=2011|title=A little history of philosophy|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-15208-1|page=134|chapter=Chapter 19: Rose-tinted reality: Immanuel Kant|chapter-url={{Google books|SGL4QPwDTVsC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Dalam upaya untuk menentang [[Skeptisisme filosofis|skeptisisme]] yang ia temukan dalam tulisan-tulisan filsuf [[David Hume]],<ref name="Kitcher Intro2">{{Cite book|last=Kant|first=Immanuel|year=1996|title=Critique of Pure Reason|location=Indianapolis/Cambridge|publisher=Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.|isbn=0-87220-257-7|edition=Unified Edition with all variants from the 1781 and 1787 editions|publication-date=1996|page=l|translator-last=Pluhar|translator-first=Werner S.|chapter=Introduction by Patricia Kitcher, C. The Analytic of Principles|quote=Although Hume's name is not mentioned in either version of this section, from the beginning, Kant's readers have understood that his purpose was to vindicate the causal concept after Hume's devastating attack […] Kant's “reply to Hume” was to argue we could have no cognition of events, of objects changing by acquiring or losing a property, unless we used a concept of causation that included both the offending and related properties of universality and necessity.|orig-year=First edition originally published in 1781; second edition originally published in 1787}}</ref> ia menulis ''[[Kritik atas Nalar Murni|Critique of Pure Reason]]'' (1781/1787),<ref>There are two relatively recent translations:</ref> salah satu karyanya yang paling terkenal. Dalam karyanya itu, ia mengembangkan sebuah teori pengalaman untuk menjawab pertanyaan apakah pengetahuan ''[[Sebuah prioritas|apriori]]'' [[Perbedaan analitik-sintetik|sintetik]] itu mungkin. Hal ini pada gilirannya akan memungkinkan untuk menentukan batas-batas penyelidikan [[metafisika]]. Kant menyamakan idenya dengan [[revolusi Copernicus]] untuk menentukan objek indera sebagai sesuatu yang sesuai dengan bentuk [[intuisi]] spasial dan temporal kita, sehingga kita memiliki ''apriori'' kognisi tentang objek tersebut.{{Efn|"Up to now it has been assumed that all our cognition must conform to the objects; but all attempts to find out something about them ''a priori'' through concepts that would extend our cognition have, on this presupposition, come to nothing. Hence let us once try whether we do not get farther with the problems of metaphysics by assuming that the objects must conform to our cognition, which would agree better with the requested possibility of an ''a priori'' cognition of them, which is to establish something about objects before they are given to us. This would be just like the first thoughts of [[Copernicus]], who, when he did not make good progress in the explanation of the celestial motions if he assumed that the entire celestial host revolves around the observer, tried to see if he might not have greater success if he made the observer revolve and left the stars at rest. Now in metaphysics we can try in a similar way regarding the intuition of objects. If intuition has to conform to the constitution of the objects, then I do not see how we can know anything of them ''a priori''; but if the object (as an object of the senses) conforms to the constitution of our faculty of intuition, then I can very well represent this possibility to myself."<ref name="CPureR Cambridge">{{cite book|last=Kant|first=Immanuel|title=Critique of Pure Reason|series=The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant|year=1999|others=Translated and edited by [[Paul Guyer]] and [[Allen W. Wood]]|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge U.P.|isbn=978-0-5216-5729-7}}</ref>{{rp|110 (B xvi–vii)}}}}
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