Marks & Spencer: Perbedaan antara revisi

Perusahaan ini didirikan melalui sebuah kemitraan antara [[Michael Marks]], seorang [[Sejarah Yahudi di Polandia|Yahudi Polandia]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Camillus |first=John C. |date=2016 |title=Wicked Strategies; How Companies Conquer Complexity and Confound Competitors |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Wicked_Strategies/sf7QDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=michael+marks+polish&pg=PA129&printsec=frontcover |language=English |publisher=University of Toronto Press |page=129 |isbn=9781442650558 |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Barbara Korte, Eva Ulrike Pirker, Sissy Helff |date=2010 |title=Facing the East in the West; Images of Eastern Europe in British Literature, Film and Culture |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Facing_the_East_in_the_West/MlUgyqzuQs0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=michael+marks+polish&pg=PA350&printsec=frontcover |language=English |publisher=Rodopi |page=350 |isbn=9789042030497 |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Szydlowska |first=Katarzyna |date=2020 |title=The Future Business Strategy of Marks and Spencer |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/FUTURE_BUSINESS_STRATEGY_OF_MARKS_AND_SP/RqPMDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=michael+marks+polish&pg=PA4&printsec=frontcover |language=English |publisher=GRIN Verlag |page=4 |isbn=9783346104281}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Abramson |first=Glenda |date=2000 |title=Modern Jewish Mythologies |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Modern_Jewish_Mythologies/GAZ-DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=michael+marks+polish&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover |location= |publisher=Hebrew Union College Press |page=22 |isbn=9780878204748 |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bryce |first1=Alan |last2=Wilson |first2=Jamieson |date=2002 |title=Business Management for Standard Grade |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Business_Management_for_Standard_Grade/jHu8A7lp20UC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=michael+marks+polish&pg=PA44&printsec=frontcover |language=English |publisher=Heinemann Educational |page=44 |isbn=9780435455484 |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref> yang lahir di [[Slonim]], dan bermigrasi ke Leeds, Inggris pada awal dekade 1880-an, dan [[Thomas Spencer (pebisnis)|Thomas Spencer]], seorang kasir asal [[Skipton]], [[North Yorkshire]].<ref name=bbc>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A43825629 |title=The History of Marks and Spencer |work=BBC News |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theskiptonpress.co.uk/skiptons-illustrious-citizen-thomas-spencer-co-founder-marks-spencer/|title=Skipton's Most Illustrious Citizen: Thomas Spencer, Co-Founder Of Marks & Spencer|publisher=Skipton Press|access-date=25 February 2017|archive-date=2019-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722203734/https://theskiptonpress.co.uk/skiptons-illustrious-citizen-thomas-spencer-co-founder-marks-spencer/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Setibanya di Inggris, Marks bekerja di Barran asal Leeds, yang memang mempekerjakan migran Yahudi (lihat [[Sir John Barran, 1st Baronet]]). Pada tahun 1884, Marks bertemu Isaac Jowitt Dewhirst saat sedang mencari pekerjaan. Dewhirst kemudian meminjamkan uang sebesar £5 kepada Marks, dan kemudian digunakan untuk mendirikan Penny Bazaar di [[Pasar Kirkgate Leeds|Pasar Kirkgate]], di Leeds.<ref name=bbc/> Dewhirst juga mengajari sedikit Bahasa Inggris kepada Marks. Kasir Dewhirst adalah Thomas Spencer, yang istri keduanya, Agnes, juga membantu meningkatkan kemampuan Marks dalam berbahasa Inggris. Pada tahun 1894, setelah membeli sebuah lapak di Pasar Leeds, Marks pun mengajak Spencer untuk menjadi mitranya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/gallery/2008/jul/09/marksandspencer.history|title=The history of Marks and Spencer|date=9 July 2008|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref>